COVID-19sts

Serological Te
rapid diagnostic test
enzyme-linked Principle: based on colorimetric lateral flow immunoassay
technology; antibodies migrate across the
immunosorbent assay adhesive pad. Conjugated COVID-19 antigens
and secondary antibodies will bind with the host

Principle: utilizes a surface coated with specific viral

antigens to bind to the patient antibodies,
antibodies, creating an antibody-antigen
complex.
allowing detection by using a second antibody
and substrate, producing a fluorescent -or color-
Advantages: Disadvantages:
based signal. Blood, plasma, or serum samples simple procedure prone to false
may be used. rapid results
low-cost COVID-19 infection
Advantages: Disadvantages: easy to collect is not confirmed
samples since a no quantitative
Simple procedure not used for
drop of blood can result
High sensitivity and diagnosis
already be used to low sensitvity
specificity expensive test
High Efficiency risk of yielding false
High throughput results Performance: Other Remarks:
Sensitivity: 97.5% Commonly found in
pregnancy test kits and
Specificity: 95.2% can be deemed as
Performance: Other Remarks: point-of-care test (POC)

Sensitivity: 95.4% Can be direct ELISA,

indirect ELISA,
Specificity: 100% sandwich ELISA, or
competitive ELISA

chemiluminescence immunoassay
Principle: has similar concept to ELISA but instead uses
chemical probes to produce light emission to
generate a positive signal proportional to
neutralization assay COVID-19 IgM antibodies.

Principle: live virus and cell culture are utilized to detect

if the patient antibodies can prevent COVID-
19 infection in vitro. Advantages: Disadvantages:
high throughput expensive
Advantages: Disadvantages: high sensitivity cross-reactivity
high specificity antigen detection is
quantitative complicated
high stability of limited
detection procedures
reagents
high throughput needs to be
high sensitivity and performed in high
specificity levels of biosafety

Performance: Other Remarks:

can also be used in
Performance: Other Remarks: Sensitivity: 95%
environmental
Neutralization assay is Specificity: 100%
Sensitivity: 85.7% monitoring, clinical
the gold standard for
Specificity: 100% diagnosis, food safety,
assessing the
and pharmaceutical
antibodies' ability to
analysis
protect the body.
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Ghaffari, A, Meurant, R, Ardakani, A. COVID-19 Serological Tests: How well do they actually perform?.
Diagnostics Basel. 2020 Jul. 10(7): 453
Miller, T et.al. Clinical sensitivity and interpretation of PCR and serological COVID-19 diagnostics for patients
presenting to the hospital. FASEB J. 2020 Oct; 34 (10) 13877- 13884
28 LUBAG, Angela Louisse Hernandez 4BMT Rashid, Z., Othman, SN, Abdul Samat MN, Wong KK. Diagnostic Performance
of COVID-19 Serology Assays. Malays J Pathol. 2020 Apr. 42(1):13-21