CANDIDATE

NAME

ID CENTRE GRADE

AS LEVEL BIOLOGY DAY/DATE: JUNE 09, 2023

GRADE: 11 DURATION: 120 MINUTES

Candidates answer all questions

No Additional Materials are required.

INSTRUCTION

● Answer all questions.

● Use a black or dark blue pen.

● Write your name, center ID, and grade in the boxes provided.

● Write your answer to each question in the answer sheet.

● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.

● You may lose marks if you do not show your work or if you do not use appropriate units.

INFORMATION

The total mark for this paper is 70

The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
At the end of the examination, put all your work securely together.

Page 1 of 12
1. Fig. 1.1 is a photomicrograph of a low power image of part of the common sunflower,
Helianthus annuus.

a) State, with a reason, whether Fig. 1.1 shows a section through the root or the stem of H.
annuus. ..................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
........ [1]

b) Structure B in Fig. 1.1 contains phloem tissue and xylem tissue and other tissues that
provide support.
Name structure
B. ........................................................................................................................................
[1]

Page 2 of 12
 c) When structure B is observed at a higher magnification, more detail of xylem vessel
elements and phloem sieve tube elements can be seen. Outline the differences in the
structure of a xylem vessel element and a phloem sieve tube element.
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................[3]

2. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is the only vaccine used to provide protection
against the infectious bacterial disease tuberculosis (TB). Most countries of the world have a
BCG vaccination program.
a) TB is most commonly transmitted from person to person by aerosol infection. The
causative organism is present in airborne droplets.

Name the species of causative organism of TB commonly passed from person to person
by aerosol
infection. ...............................................................................................................................
........... [1]

b) In general, the countries that do Not have a BCG vaccination program are high-income
countries that have a low number of cases of TB. In most of these countries, the vaccine
is given only to babies and children at high risk of developing TB. Suggest one reason
why a child in a country with a low number of cases of the disease could be at a high risk
of developing
TB. .........................................................................................................................................

Page 3 of 12
 ................................................................................................................................................
. [1]

c) There is evidence that the BCG vaccine has also provided protection against the disease
leprosy. Leprosy is caused by a bacterium that is closely related to the bacteria that cause
TB. Suggest why the BCG vaccine can also provide protection against
leprosy. ..................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
........ [2]

d) A baby can gain artificial active immunity to TB after having the BCG vaccine. A baby
can also gain natural passive immunity to TB. State the differences between artificial
active immunity and natural passive
immunity. ..............................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
.............[3]

3. a) Line the function of cartilage in the human gas exchange system

..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................[2]

Page 4 of 12
 b) Describe the distribution of cartilage in the human gas exchange
system. .....................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
........[2]

4. In most plants, sucrose is the main sugar that is transported from sources to sinks.
In the source, sucrose is transferred from a mesophyll cell to a phloem sieve tube through a
companion cell.
Describe and explain how the transfer of sucrose into a phloem sieve tube from a companion
cell can lead to the transport of the sugar to a
sink. ..............................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
....[4]

5. Semi-conservative replication of DNA occurs during interphase, before mitosis begins. Write
the correct term in the spaces provided to complete each of statements A to D.

a) The DNA double helix unwinds and is separated into two template strands
when ....................................................................... bonds holding the two strands together
are broken.

Page 5 of 12
 b) One of the template strands of DNA is copied in fragments. The
enzyme ....................................................................... is required to join the fragments
together to form a continuous strand of DNA.

c) Complementary DNA nucleotides are added to the template strands, catalyzed by the
enzyme....................................................................................................................................

d) ....................................................................... are regions of repeating nucleotide sequences

at the ends of chromosomes that allow the continued replication of DNA, without the loss
of genes. [4]

6. The mammalian circulatory system is adapted for the long-distance transport of the
respiratory gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide. The system is described as a closed double
circulation.
a) Name:
• the two different circulations of the double circulatory system of
mammals ...............................................................................................................................
................

• the main vein returning deoxygenated blood to the

heart. ......................................................................................................................................
.....[3]

b) In a closed circulation, blood is kept within vessels at all

times. Name the type of blood vessel that connects capillaries and
veins. .....................................................................................................................................
..... [1]

c) Fig. 1.1 is a diagram of a section through the heart.

Page 6 of 12
 On Fig. 1.1:
• add a label line and the letter L to show the artery that takes blood from the heart to the
lungs
• add a label line and the letter R to show the valve that closes when the right ventricle is
in systole. [2]

7. Xylem and phloem are the transport tissues of plants. Both tissues have more than one cell
type. The conducting cells of xylem contain xylem sap and those of phloem contain phloem
sap. The composition of xylem sap differs from the composition of phloem sap.

a) The main component of xylem sap and phloem sap is water. Explain why water is the
main component of xylem sap and phloem
sap. .........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................

Page 7 of 12
 .................................................................................................................................................
...[2]

b) Three types of cell associated with the translocation of sucrose are:

• companion cell
• mesophyll cell
• phloem sieve tube element.

A, B and C are three events that occur at the source. Each event refers to ‘the cell’ but
does Not name the type of cell concerned.

A) Sucrose moves through plasmodesmata into the cell.

B) Hydrogen ions are transported out of the cell.
C) Sucrose moves into the cell through cotransporter proteins.

Complete Table 6.1 by matching the event with a correct cell type. Each cell type may
be identified once, more than once, or not at all.

Table 6.1

8. The hydrogen bonding of water molecules is important in the transport of sap within xylem
vessels. State the terms used to describe:
 water molecules sticking together within the xylem
vessel ................................................................................................................................
...........

Page 8 of 12
  water molecules sticking to the cellulose molecules in the lining of the xylem
vessel ................................................................................................................................
..... [2]

9. The causative organism of measles is Morbillivirus. Young children who have Not been
vaccinated for measles are at highest risk of becoming ill and of developing complications
associated with the disease.

a) The genetic material of Morbillivirus is a strand of RNA. Statements A, B and C relate to

the structure of RNA. State the correct term or terms to match each of statements A to C.

The names of the two purines and two pyrimidines in RNA.

purines..................................................................................................................................
pyrimidines...........................................................................................................................

b) The pentose sugar of the RNA nucleotide .............................................................................

c) The type of covalent bond between RNA nucleotides ......................................................[4]

10. The young leaf also needs water and dissolved mineral ions, which arrive at the leaf within
xylem vessels.
a) As the young leaf matures, the quantity of sugar taken up by the leaf decreases to zero,
but the need for water increases.
Suggest and explain why the quantity of sugar taken up by the developing leaf decreases
to zero over time, but the need for water increases
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................... [3]

Page 9 of 12
 b) The features listed in Table 2.1 are present in one or more of the three cell types:
• companion cell
• phloem sieve tube element
• xylem vessel element.

Complete Table 2.1 using a tick if the feature is present and a cross if the feature is
absent.
Table 2.1

11. Diseases myasthenia gravis (MG) and HIV/AIDS both involve disorders of the immune
system.

Studies have indicated that T-lymphocytes are involved in stimulating the B-lymphocyte
response that causes MG. Research has been carried out on a vaccine that will provide a
person with active immunity against these T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes.

Suggest and explain how this vaccine will provide a person with active immunity against the
T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes responsible for causing MG.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[3]

Page 10 of 12
12. Polymerization of DNA nucleotides occurs during the semi-conservative replication of a
molecule of DNA during interphase.

Describe the semi-conservative replication of

DNA. ..........................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
.....[5]

13. Fig. 3.1 is a photomicrograph of a section through lung tissue.

Page 11 of 12
a) Identify the structure labelled J in Fig. 3.1. State the evidence visible in Fig. 3.1 that
supports your
answer. ..................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
........ [2]

b) The ciliated epithelium labelled in Fig. 3.1 consists of goblet cells and ciliated epithelial
cells. Outline how goblet cells and cilia work together to maintain healthy lung
tissue. ....................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
.......[2]

Page 12 of 12