Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Operating System Unit1 3 1
Operating System Unit1 3 1
In fourth generation computers, the technique used was Large Scale Integration.
This technique packed thousands of transistors on small area of silicon chip.
Microprocessor technology evolved in such manner that it becomes possible to build desktop
computers as powerful as the mainframes of the 1970s.
Network Operating System (NOS) development started from the same phase.
DOS, UNIX, Linux, GUI i.e. Windows operating system are the examples.
3. File Management – An OS deals with the storage, creation and deletion of file on various
storage devices. It also allows all files to be easily changed and modified through the use of text
editors.
4. Device / Resource Management – Managing devices and resources and allowing the users to
share the resources such as CPU time, main memory, secondary storage and input output devices.
5. Security and Protection – Securing the system against possible unauthorized access to data or
any other entity by means of passwords and similar other techniques.
6. Job Accounting- Keeping track of time and resources used by various jobs and users.
7. Communications – Providing interface for the user to communicate with each other in the same
or other system by sharing or transferring data.
8. Booting the System and getting it ready to work.
Note:
The main difference between time sharing and multitasking is that time sharing allows multiple users
to share a computer resource simultaneously using multiprogramming and multitasking while multitasking
allows a system to execute multiple tasks or processes simultaneously.
Advantages:
Reliability: If one site fails in a distributed system, the remaining sites can potentially continue
operating.
1. Sharing of Resources: With resource sharing facility, a user at one site may be able to use the
resources available at another.
2. Flexibility: As the system is very flexible, it is very easy to install, implement and debug new
services.
3. Speed: A distributed computing system can have more computing speed than a mainframe
computer.
4. High Performance: The collection of processor in the system can provide higher performance
than a centralized computer.
A cluster has n+k configuration where n processing nodes are actively processing the application & k
processing nodes are in a standby state, serving as a spares. In the event of a failure of an active node,
the application that was running on the failed node is moved to one of the standby nodes.
Clustered system can be implemented using LAN. This system is a subsystem of a telecommunication
switching system, running certain centralized application function.
A LAN is interconnecting hub that provides connectivity with each other in the switching system.
A primary objective of real-time systems is to provide quick event response time and thus meet the
scheduling deadlines.
User Convenience and Resource utilization are of secondary concern to real time system.
In Real time systems, processor is allocated to the highest priority process among those which are ready
to execute. Higher priority process pre-empts execution of the lower priority processes.
This form is called as ‘priority –based pre-emptive scheduling’.