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Figure 1. Average precision of kNN vs. unique word count Figure 3. Correlation between DF and IG values of words in Reuters
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DF-IG plots
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Number of features (unique words) DF

Figure 2. Average precision of LLSF vs. unique word count Figure 4. Correlation between DF and CHI values of words in Reuters
0.95 1
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CHI

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Number of features (unique words) DF

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Figure 5. DF-IG correlation in OHSUMED’90

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Figure 5. Feature selection and the performance of kNN on two collections
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