UNIT -1 Prasar Bhara Prasar Bharati, the autonomous public service broadcaster of India, operates through its various entities like All India Radio (AIR) and Doordarshan. Autonomy, particularly regarding All India Radio (AIR), is a crucial aspect of its functioning. Here are detailed notes on the autonomy of AIR within Prasar Bharati 1. Legal Framework: + Prasar Bharati Act, 1990: The autonomy of AIR within Prasar Bharati is primarily governed by the Prasar Bharati Act, which established the corporation as an autonomous body. + The Act provides for the establishment of a Broadcasting Corporation, which shall consist of two entities: All India Radio and Doordarshan. 2. Functional Autonomy: + AIR enjoys functional autonomy in its day-to-day operations, including program production, scheduling, and broadcasting decisions. + The management and editorial decisions concerning content creation, selection, and broadcasting are predominantly made internally by AIR officials and editorial teams. al Autonomy: + AIR has a degree of financial autonomy within the budget allocated to Prasar Bharati + Ithas the authority to manage its funds for operational expenses, including salaries, infrastructure maintenance, and program production costs. + AIR generates revenue through advertising, sponsorship, and other commercial activities, which further enhances its financial autonomy. 4. Personnel Management: + AIR has the authority to recruit, manage, and train its personnel independently within the framework of Prasar Bharati regulations. + The organization has its own HR policies and procedures for hiring, promotion, and disciplinary actions. 5. Editorial Independence: + AIR maintains editorial independence in its programming decisions, ensuring freedom from undue influence or censorship. + Editorial policies are formulated internally, guided by principles of journalistic ethics and the public interest. jon-Making Structure: + AIR has its own decision-making bodies, including executive committees and editorial boards, responsible for formulating policies and overseeing operations. + While accountable to the Prasar Bharati Board and the Government of India, AIR. operates with a considerable degree of autonomy in its decision-making processes. 7. Regulatory Oversight + While autonomous, AIR operates within the regulatory framework set by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MIB) and other relevant regulatory bodies.+ Compliance with broadcasting regulations, including content standards, licensing requirements, and spectrum management, is mandatory. 8. Challenges to Autonomy: + Despite legal provisions, AIR's autonomy may face challenges from political interference, bureaucratic influence, and budgetary constraints. + Balancing autonomy with accountability to stakeholders and regulatory bodies remains an ongoing challenge for AIR. 9. Public Service Mandate: + While autonomous, AIR is mandated to serve the public interest, uphold journalistic integrity, and promote cultural diversity and national integration through its programming. +» The autonomy of AIR is exercised in alignment with its public service objectives and responsibilities. 10. Continued Evolution: + The autonomy of AIR within Prasar Bharati is subject to continuous evolution, reflecting changes in media landscape, technology, regulatory environment, and societal expectations. + Efforts to strengthen and safeguard AIR's autonomy are essential for preserving its role as a credible and independent public broadcaster.RADIO FORMAT : COMMUNITY RADIO AND CAMPUS RADIO 1 Defi communities they serve. They typically focus on local content, community development, and participatory programming, Characteristics: Radio: tion: Community radio refers to stations that are operated, owned, and driven by the Local Focus: Community radio stations prioritize content that is relevant to the local community, including news, events, and issues Participatory: Communities actively participate in the creation and dissemination of content, contributing to a diverse range of perspectives and voices. Non-profit: Most community radio stations operate as non-profit organizations, relying on volunteers, donations, and grants for funding, Cultural Diversity: They often promote cultural diversity, showcasing local music, languages, and traditions. Community Development: Beyond entertainment, community radio stations engage in community development initiatives, education, and advocacy. Example: Radio Namaskar, Odisha, India Radio Namaskar is a community radio station based in Konark, Odisha, India. It focuses on empowering marginalized communities, promoting education, health awareness, and local culture. The station broadcasts programs in multiple languages, including Odia, Hindi, and English. Radio Namaskar involves local community members in program production and broadcasting, ensuring representation and relevance. 2. Campus Radio: Definition: Campus radio stations are operated within educational institutions, primarily universities and colleges, to serve the student body and campus community Characteristics Student-Run: Campus radio stations are typically run by students, offering them opportunities for hands-on experience in radio production, broadcasting, and management. Youth-Centric Content: Programs cater to the interests and concerns of the student population, including music, campus events, academic discussions, and youth issues. Training Ground: They serve as a training ground for aspiring broadcasters, journalists, and media professionals, providing valuable skills and experience. Community Engagement: While focused on the campus community, many campus radio stations also engage with the broader local community, covering events, news, and issues of interest. Experimental and Diverse: Campus radio often showcases experimental and diverse programming, reflecting the eclectic tastes and creativity of the student Dis and producers.Example: CHRW Radio Western, Western University, Canada CHRW Radio Western is the campus radio station of Western University in London, Ontario, Canada Itis entirely run by student volunteers and broadcasts a wide range of music genres, talk shows, and specialty programs. The station provides training and mentorship opportunities for students interested in radio broadcasting and media production. CHRW serves as a platform for campus events, local music, and community engagement, contributing to the cultural and social life of both the university and the city.1. NATIONAL PROGRAMMES IN AIR. + The National Programme in All India Radio (AIR) refers to a set of radio broadcasts that are produced centrally and transmitted across the entire network of AIR stations throughout the country. + It serves as a platform for disseminating content of national significance, including news, cultural programs, educational content, and public service announcements, 4, Objective: +The primary objective of the National Programme is to provide a unified platform for addressing the diverse informational, cultural, and educational needs of the nation, + Itaims to promote national integration, cultural diversity, and awareness about significant events, policies, and initiatives at the national level. 5. Content: + News and Current Affairs: The National Programme includes news bulletins, current affairs programs, and discussions on significant national and international events. + Cultural Programs: It features cultural performances, music concerts, drama, poetry, and other artistic expressions representing the cultural diversity of India, + Educational Content: Educational programs covering various subjects, including history, science, literature, and language learning, are broadcast to promote lifelong learning. + Public Service Messages: The National Programme includes public service announcements addressing issues such as health, sanitation, education, and civic awareness. + Special Events Coverage: Coverage of national festivals, important speeches, government initiatives, and significant socio-political events are part of the National Programme. 6. Production and Broadcasting: + Centralized Production: Content for the National Programme is often produced centrally by AIR’s national production units located in major cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai + Syndication: Some programs may also be syndicated from external producers, government departments, or partner organizations + Scheduled Broadcast: The National Programme is scheduled for transmission at specific times across all AIR stations, ensuring uniformity and wide reach + Multiple Languages: Programs are broadcast in multiple languages to cater to the linguistic diversity of India, with translations and adaptations as necessary. 7. Audience Reach: + The National Programme reaches a vast audience across India, including urban, rural, and remote areas, through AIR's extensive network of terrestrial radio stations. + Itplays a crucial role in reaching populations with limited access to other forms of media, contributing to information dissemination and public awareness. 8. Role in National Development:The National Programme plays a significant role in fostering national identity, social cohesion, and democratic participation by providing citizens with access to information, education, and cultural expression. It supports government initiatives in areas such as education, health, rural development, and social welfare by disseminating relevant information and promoting behavioral change. 9. Adaptation to Changing Times: In response to technological advancements and changing audience preferences, the National Programme has evolved to include online streaming, podcasts, mobile apps, and social media engagement to reach a broader audience, It continues to adapt its content and delivery mechanisms to remain relevant and effective in the digital age while upholding its commitment to serving the diverse needs of the nationRADIO JOCKEY : ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 1. Hosting Shows: Rs are primarily responsible for hosting radio shows. This involves planning, preparing, and presenting content in an engaging and entertaining manner. They need to be charismatic and have excellent communication skills to captivate the audience. 2. Scripting and Content Creation: Ris often write their scripts or work closely with writers to develop content for their shows. This includes planning segments, scripting dialogues, and structuring the flow of the program to keep listeners interested 3, Music Selection and Programming: Depending on the format of the radio station, Us may be responsible for selecting music tracks to be played during their shows. They need to have a good understanding of the station's target audience and preferences to curate playlists accordingly. 4. Interviewing Guests: Ris frequently interview guests, which could range from celebrities to experts in various fields depending on the theme of their show. They need to research their guests beforehand, prepare relevant questions, and conduct the interview in a professional yet engaging manner. 5. Live Interaction with Listeners: Interacting with listeners through phone calls, text messages, social media, and other platforms is a crucial aspect of an R's role, They need to be responsive to listener requests, shout-outs, and dedications while maintaining the tone and energy of the show. 6. Public Appearances and Promotions: Ris often represent the radio station at public events, promotional campaigns, and sponsored activities. This may involve hosting live broadcasts from remote locations, emceeing events, or participating in community outreach programs. 7. Technical Operation: While not always the case, some RUs may also handle technical aspects of their shows, such as operating soundboards, managing audio levels, and troubleshooting equipment issues. They need to have a basic understanding of radio broadcasting technology. 8 Compliance and Regulations: Ris must adhere to broadcasting regulations and station policies. This includes avoiding inappropriate content, adhering to decency standards, and complying with copyright laws when playing music or other copyrighted material. 9. Staying Informed and Creative: To keep their shows fresh and engaging, Rus need to stay informed about current events, pop culture trends, and relevant topics. They should continuously brainstorm new ideas, segments, and creative approaches to entertain and connect with their audience. 10. Building a Personal Brand: Successful Ris often build a personal brand and cultivate a loyal fan base. This involves developing a unique style, voice, and persona that resonates with listeners, as well as actively engaging with fans on social media and other platforms.