BASIC

COMPUTATIONAL
TECHNIQUES FOR
DATA ANALYSIS

SEMESTER 6
 A
PROJECT REPORT
ON
DATA ANALYSIS
SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE PAPER

SUBMITTED BY:
ROHAN THAKUR (19/21256)
SECTION - A

SUBMITTED TO:
MS.KRITIKA

B.A PROGRAMME
SEMESTER 6th
1. INTRODUCTION

In this project we have taken the two variables non oil Exports
and currency exchange rate. Non-oil products refer to other
essential natural products which are used as raw materials and
research items and components for the production of other
commodities and for advancing cognitive knowledge respectively.
They are found in laboratories, with scientists, agriculturists,
researchers and others. Examples are coal, zinc, iron ore, copper,
aluminium, etc. An exchange rate is the value of one nation's
currency versus the currency of another nation or economic zone.
The Factors affecting non-oil Exports are the currency
exchange rates, Political circumstances, productivity to
trade policies, inflation and demand. In this data we have
taken the non oil exports of India and the currency exchange
rate of US dollar from 1970 to 2020 from this data we have tried
to show the relationship between the non-oil exports and the
exchange rates There are many factors that affect the non oil
exports or exports, but we have taken the one factor which is
currency exchange rates. But before that we like to give a gist of
the Indian economy. In 1991 before the LPG was formed in India
(L.P.G means liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation) India
didn't adopt the liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation and
it was a closed economy. On 24 July 1991 India became an open
economy and adopted Liberalisation, privatisation and
globalisation. India under its New Economic Policy approached
International Banks for development of the country. These
agencies asked the Indian Government to open its restrictions on
trade done by the private sector and between India and other
countries. After globalisation India started to import from different
countries But this increased the imports of the Indian economy
but exports were still less as compared to the imports this has
started to devalue the Indian Currency or Indian rupee. In 1980
the $1 was equal to the 7 Indian rupees but after 1991, when the
LPG was formed and adopted in India the value of the Indian
rupee started depreciating (In our data we are comparing Indian
rupee with US dollars) Before 1991 the value of $1 was 7 rupee
in 1970 and 1980 but after 1991 it started increasing to $1 is
equal to 44 rupees in 2000 and $1 is equal to 74 rupees in 2020
this shows the devaluation of Indian rupee in context of US
dollar. In our data of non oil exports and US Dollar exchange rate
we have tried to show the relationship between the US dollar
exchange rate and non oil exports of India from 1970 to 2020.
2. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS:- Descriptive statistics are
brief descriptive coefficients that summarise a given data set,
which can be either a representation of the entire population
or a sample of a population. Descriptive statistics are broken
down into measures of central tendency and measures of
variability (spread). Measures of central tendency include the
mean, median, and mode, while measures of variability
include standard deviation, variance, minimum and
maximum variables, kurtosis, and skewness.

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF NON-OIL EXPORTS

Non-oil Exports
Column 1

Mean 440776.4902
Standard Error 89514.76003
Median 104836
Mode --
Standard Deviation 639263.2521
Sample Variance 408657505460
Kurtosis 0.4098832745
Skewness 1.377539523
Range 1980270
Minimum 1527
Maximum 1981797
Sum 22479601
Count 51
Largest(1) 1981797
Smallest(1) 1527
Confidence Level(95%) 179795.6834
Coefficient of Variance 1.450311589

2.1 ARITHMETIC MEAN

The arithmetic mean, popularly known as the average or the
expected value,is one of the most common and frequently
used measures of central tendency. It reflects the central
location of the distribution and represents the data as a
whole.
As it is shown in our data the arithmetic mean of non-oil
exports from 1970 to 2020 is 440776.4902.

2.2 GEOMETRIC MEAN

It is a special type of mean and is commonly used to take
into account the effect of compounding. Therefore, the
geometric mean is particularly used in the field of finance
and demographic growth.
In our data the geometric mean of the non oil exports is
74826.86709.

2.3 HARMONIC MEAN

Harmonic mean is another type of average which refers to
the reciprocal of the observations. This type of mean gives
large weightage to smaller values and smaller weightages to
larger values. This mean is usually used with rates. Ratios
like average seed or price earning ratio.
The harmonic mean of non-oil exports is 11074.87078.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARITHMETIC MEAN, GEOMETRIC
MEAN AND HARMONIC MEAN
The value of Geometric mean is always less than or equal to
arithmetic mean. The value of harmonic mean is always less
than or equal to geometric mean therefore we conclude that:
ARITHMETIC MEAN > GEOMETRIC MEAN > HARMONIC MEAN

Non-oil Exports
Measures Number
Mean 440776.4902
Median 104836
Mode --
Harmonic mean 11074.87078
Geometric Mean 74826.86709

Relationship AM>GM>HM

As shown in the data, the relationship between arithmetic

mean, geometric mean and harmonic mean of the Non-oil
exports are:
AM>GM>HM

2.4 MEDIAN
The median is generally calculated to overcome the
drawbacks of the mean. Median refers to the middlemost
number or the central value of the distribution when sorted in
ascending or descending order.
The median divides the data set into two halves, one which
contains values more than the median and the other
containing values less than the median, 50% of the values lie
above the median and 50% of the values lie below the
median.
In our data the median of the non-oil exports is 104836 in
1995.
2.5 MODE
A mode is a measure of central tendency which helps to
identify the value having the highest frequency. It represents
the most common and frequently occurring number in the
data set. The mode is generally useful and applied in
situations that demand numbers.
In our data the mode of the non- oil exports is nil, which
means there are no frequently occurring or common number
of exports in our data.
2.6 RANGE
The Range is the simplest measure of dispersion. A higher
range implies higher variation or speed in the data. It is the
difference between the highest and the lowest values in the
data set. It is, therefore, calculated by subtracting the
minimum value from the maximum value in the data set.
RANGE=Maximum value of the data - Minimum value of the data
In our data the range of non- oil exports is 1980270. So it
shows the difference between the highest and the lowest value in
the data set of non-oil exports is 1980270.

2.7 STANDARD DEVIATION

A standard deviation (or σ) is a measure of how dispersed
the data is in relation to the mean. Low standard deviation
means data are clustered around the mean, and high
standard deviation indicates data are more spread out.
Standard deviation is the square root of the sum of all the
squared deviations of the observations from their mean
divided by the number of observations in the data set.
In our data the standard deviation of the non-oil exports is
639263.2521. Through the standard deviation of the non oil
exports data we can say that the data are more spread out.

2.8 VARIANCE
Variance refers to the average of the squared deviations from
the mean. In simple words, it is the square root of the
standard deviation.
The variance in our non-oil exports data is
408657505460.295.

2.9 COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION

Coefficient of variation is the statistical measure of relative
variability. It is defined as the ratio of the standard deviation
to the mean and is independent of the unit of measurements
for which it is calculated. It can be represented in terms of
ratio and percentage.
In our data the coefficient of variation of the non-oil
exports is 1.450311589, which means data is widely
spread.
2.10 SKEWNESS
Skewness is a descriptive statistic that measures the lack of
symmetry, that is asymmetry. The greater the difference
between mean, median and mode the higher is the skewness
of data. An asymmetrical distribution may be positively
skewed or negatively skewed.
● A positive skewed distribution is skewed to the right and
there is a long tail towards the right. Also
MEAN>MEDIAN>MODE.
● A negative skewed distribution is skewed to the left.
There is a long tail towards the left.
MEAN<MEDIAN<MODE.
In our data of the non-oil exports the skewness is
1.377539523, which means it is positively skewed or right
skewed. It is greater than 1 which means distribution is
highly skewed. It also shows the extreme values or high
power numbers or values are on the right side but in less
years.

2.11 KURTOSIS
Kurtosis is another measure of descriptive statistics, kurtosis
defines the shape of a distribution tale in relation or
comparison with the normal distribution. It is a measure of
‘tailedness’ of a distribution. The value of kurtosis always
includes extreme values or outliers.

THREE CATEGORIES OF KURTOSIS:

1.MESOKURTIC :- The tail of such a distribution is normal. It
has a kurtosis equal to 3 (=3).
2.LEPTOKURTIC:- A leptokurtic distribution refers to the
distribution having kurtosis greater than a mesokurtic
distribution. It has a kurtosis of greater than 3
(>3). There is too much concentration of items near the
mean.
3.PLATYKURTIC:- A platykurtic distribution refers to the
distribution having less kurtosis than mesokurtic distribution.
It has a kurtosis of less than 3 (<3). There is less
concentration of items near the mean.
In our data the kurtosis of the non-oil exports is
0.4098832745, which means it is platykurtic and there is
less concentration of items near the mean.

2.12 HISTOGRAM
A histogram is a graphical representation that organises a
group of data points into user-specified ranges. Similar in
appearance to a bar graph, the histogram condenses a data
series into an easily interpreted visual by taking many data
points and grouping them into logical ranges or bins.

Non-oil Exports
Bin Frequency
200000 32
400000 3
600000 3
800000 2
1000000 1
1200000 1
1400000 1
 1600000 3
1800000 2
2000000 3
More 0

In our data of the non-oil exports the histogram shows the

platykurtic kurtosis and it is right or positively skewed. It also
shows the extreme values are on the right side but in less
years like high frequency values are in less years on the right
side.

3.DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF US DOLLAR EXCHANGE

RATE

US Dollar
Column 1

Mean 32.23668627
 Standard Error 2.98737919
Median 32.4232
Mode --
Standard Deviation 21.33415468
Sample Variance 455.1461558
Kurtosis -1.242719095
Skewness 0.2880062721
Range 66.5752
Minimum 7.5244
Maximum 74.0996
Sum 1644.071
Count 51
Largest(1) 74.0996
Smallest(1) 7.5244
Confidence Level(95%) 6.000327575
Cofficient of Variance 0.661797385

3.1 ARITHMETIC MEAN

In our data the arithmetic mean of the US Dollar exchange
rate is 32.23668. It takes into account all the values in the
distribution. In excel to find Arithmetic mean we use
=AVERAGE to find mean in a data.

3.2 GEOMETRIC MEAN

It is a special type of mean and is commonly used to take
into account the effect of compounding. In our data the
geometric mean of the US Dollar exchange rate is
24.30470469. In excel to find Geometric mean we type
=GEOMEAN to find a geometric mean in a data

3.3 HARMONIC MEAN

This type of mean gives large Weightage to smaller values
and smaller with two large values. The harmonic mean of the
US Dollar exchange rate is 17.66617079. To find value
of harmonic mean in excel we use =HARMEAN to find
harmonic mean in data.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARITHMETIC MEAN, GEOMETRIC

MEAN AND HARMONIC MEAN
The value of Geometric mean is always less than or equal to
arithmetic mean. The value of harmonic mean is always less
than or equal to geometric mean therefore we conclude that:
ARITHMETIC MEAN > GEOMETRIC MEAN > HARMONIC MEAN

US Dollar
Measures Number
Mean 32.23668627
Median 32.4232
Mode --
Harmonic mean 17.66617079
Geometric Mean 24.30470469

Relationship AM>GM>HM
As shown in the data, the relationship between arithmetic
mean, geometric mean and harmonic mean of the US Dollar
exchange rate are:
AM>GM>HM

3.4 MEDIAN
Unlike the main model, the median is not affected by the
extreme values in the data set. does it is a better measure of
Central tendency in case of skewed distribution. In our data
the median of the US Dollar exchange rate is 32.4232. In
Excel we use =MEDIAN to find the median in a data.

3.5 MODE
Mode is not affected by the presence of extreme values in
the data set data set, it can be calculated for both
quantitative and categorical data or data measured on
nominal scale. In our data the mode of the US dollar
exchange rate is nil, which means there are no frequently
occurring numbers in our data, which can also be shown by
the Excel method using the formula is =MODE.

3.6 RANGE
Range is not based on all the values in the data set; it does
not facilitate further analysis.
RANGE=Maximum value of the data - Minimum value of the data
In our data the range of the US dollar exchange rate is
66.5752.

3.7 STANDARD DEVIATION

Standard deviation describes the spread or the variation of
the data set from their average value; it is based on all the
values of the data set. It also enables a comparative study of
two or more data sets with respect to their consistency of
stability or volatility. In our data the standard deviation of the
US Dollar exchange rate is 21.334. Standard deviation of
US Dollar exchange rate is less than its Arithmetic mean that
means the standard deviation is clustered around the mean.
In excel to find standard deviation we use =STDEV.

3.8 VARIANCE
Variance describes the spread of the variation in the data. It
is a useful static stick used to draw insights from service. The
variance in our US Dollar exchange rate is 455.146. To
find variance in excel we type =VAR.

3.9 COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION

In our data the coefficient of variation of the U.S Dollar
exchange rate is 0.6617, which data is not widely spread.

3.10 SKEWNESS
In our data of the US Dollar exchange rate the skewness is
0.2880062721. It is between 0 to 0.5 which means the
distribution is comparatively symmetrical. It also shows that
the distribution is positively skewed and the extreme values
are on the left side but in less years. To find skewness in
excel sheet =SKEW.

3.11.KURTOSIS
In our data the kurtosis of the US Dollar exchange rate is
-1.242719095, which means it is platykurtic and there is
less concentration of items near the mean. To find kurtosis in
excel we type =KURT.

3.12.HISTOGRAM
A histogram is a graphical representation that organises a
group of data points into user-specified ranges.
Histogram of US Dollar exchange rate:

US Dollar
Bin Frequency
10 13
20 8
30 2
40 5
50 14
60 2
70 5
80 2
More 0
In our data of the US exchange rates it shows the platykurtic
and right skewed, it's also showing left skewness because in
1991 the reforms were made in India before that India didn’t
adopt the globalisation. That’s why there are high frequency
values from 1970 to 1980 which makes it slightly left
skewed. India's economy has grown dramatically since it
integrated into the global economy in 1991. It has a drastic
impact on India's economic condition. Its average annual rate
has grown from 3.5% (1990 –1980) to 7.7% (2002–2012) .
It has a high frequency on the right side in less years.

3.COVARIANCE
Covariance is a statistical measure that analyzes the linear
relationship between two random variables. It evaluates how
the two variables vary together or covary. For example, if one
variable goes up or down or remains constant, then what
happens to the other variable. Accordingly, we can have the
following types of linear relationship or covariances.
1.Positive covariance - It indicates a direct relationship
between the variables, that is the two variables tend to move
together in the same direction either upward or downward.
2.Negative covariance- It indicates an inverse relationship
between variables, the two variables tend to move away or in
the opposite direction from each other.
3.Zero covariance- It indicates if the two variables are
independent or not related to each other, the covariance will
be zero. In short, a zero covariance means that there is no
linear relationship between two variables and does not
exhibit any sort of pattern.
In our data the X variable is US dollar exchange rate and Y
variable is the non-oil export, through the X and Y variable
we find the covariance is 11469084, which means it is
Positive covariance or in direct relationship.

4.CORRELATION
Correlation is a statistical technique that measures both the
direction and the strength of the linear relationship between
the variables. The study of correlation is important as it
quantifies the degree of association between the variables
and shows how strongly the variables are related. If two
variables are correlated it means that if one variable
increases or decreases, then the other variables also change
either in the same or opposite direction besides assessing the
strength of the relationship. However, correlation does not
necessarily mean causation. That is, correlation in no way
confirms that variable X causes variable Y to vary or vice
versa.
The degree of association between data sets determines the
correlation coefficient. A correlation coefficient expresses or
defines the strength of the association between variables,
that is, whether it is strong or weak or non-existent. The
value of the coefficient of correlation lies between +1 and -1.
The positive and negative signs will indicate the direction of
the relationship,that is direct or inverse relation. The closer
the value of the coefficient is to (1+,-) the stronger is the
direct or inverse relationship.

THREE TYPES OF CORRELATION

1.Positive correlation:- A positive correlation indicates a
direct relationship between the variables, that is the two
variables tend to move in the same direction either upward
or downward so when one variable increases as well or when
one variable decreases, the other variable also decreases.
2.Negative correlation:- A negative correlation indicates an
inverse relationship between variables, that is the two
variables tend to move away or in the opposite direction from
each other. So when one variable increases the one
decreases.
3.Zero correlation:- A zero correlation indicates no
relationship between the data set at all. However, a zero
correlation does not necessarily imply that the variables are
independent. A zero correlation will indicate that there is no
linear relationship between the two variables, and they do
not exhibit any sort of pattern.
In our data the X variable is the US dollar exchange rate and
Y variable is the non-oil export, through the X and Y variable
we find the correlation of our data is 0.8577756742, which
is greater than 0 which shows the direct relationship.

4.1.KARL PEARSON’S COEFFICIENT OF CORRELATION

Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient is the most widely used
to measure the correlation between two variables. It is also
referred to as the pearson product moment correlation
coefficient denoted by r. Pearson correlation coefficient has
no unit of measurements.
The + sign describes a direct or positive relationship between
the variables. It signifies that the returns from both the
indices tend to move together in the same direction either
upward or downward.
Correlation coefficient (r >0.5) indicates strong positive
correlation between the data sets.
In our data the x variable is us dollar exchange rate and Y
variable is non-oil export, through the X and Y variable and
through the pearson formula (in excel =PEARSON) we find
the correlation of our data is 0.8577756742, which is
greater than r >0.5 which shows the direct and strong
relationship between X and Y.

4.2.SPEARMAN’S COEFFICIENT OF CORRELATION

The Spearman’s coefficient of correlation, unlike pearson’s
correlation coefficient method, is calculated for the data set
measured on ordinal or rank scale. This method measures
both the direction and strength of the monotonic relationship
between the rankings in the two data sets. It is a non
parametric measure of correlation giving a numerical value
between + 1 and -1.
● r= + 1 shows a perfect positive relationship.
● r= - 1 shows a perfect negative relationship.
● r= 0 Shows no correlation.
● The closer the value of the coefficient is to 1 (+ve or
-ve), the higher is the similarity in rankings of the two
data sets.
● The closer the value of the coefficient is to 0 the lower
is the similarity in the rankings of the two data sets.

5.REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Regression analysis refers to a statistical technique that
quantifies the relationship between the variable and predicts
the value of one variable from another set of a variable. The
variable which predicts the value of the other variable is
known as the independent variable or explanatory variable
are the predictor or simply the X variable. Likewise the
variable whose value is predicted is known as the dependent
variable or variable of interest or the Y variable.
Linear regression analysis essentially models the relationship
between a dependent and an independent variable by fitting
a linear equation.
Regression analysis can be linear or non-linear based on the
nature of relationship between variables.

THE SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION EQUATION CAN BE

WRITTEN IN THE FORM OF:-
Y= β0 + β1𝑋
Here,
Y= Dependent variable
X= Independent variable
β0=Y intercept
β1= slope coefficient of Y on X
β1:- is known as the regression coefficient of Y on X (When
the value of variable Y depends on X). Also refer to the
change in variable Y when the variable X changes one unit.
β0:- is known as the constant or the Y- intercept, estimating
the value of Y when the value of X is zero.
Basically the magnitudes of β1 signifies the amount of
change in Y due to a change in X by one unit, provided all the
other explanatory variables are held constant.
Together β0 and β1 is the regression model that describes the
relationship between independent and dependent variables
mathematically.
β1>0 REGRESSION LINE WITH POSITIVE SLOPE.
β1<0 REGRESSION LINE WITH NEGATIVE SLOPE.
β1=0 REGRESSION LINE WITH CONSTANT SLOPE.

In hypothesis testing, we make assumptions or statements

about the population parameters. However In reality the
assumption need not be true. Based on these assumptions,
the hypothesis is formed which can be tested using statistical
tests where the validity of a belief claim or assumption made
about the population based on the data is tested.
Regression of X and Y variable:
The regression equation showing the linear relationship
between the dependent and independent variable can be
written as:
Y=β0+β1*X+ui
Through the help of our data the equation of linear
relationship between dependent and independent variable
can be written as:
Non-Oil Exports= β0+β1*US Dollar exchange rate+ui

Mean of X 32.23668627
Mean of Y 440776.4902
B1 25702.65733
B0 -387792.0105
Y 41869201.53

β0=-387792.0105,which means U.S dollar Exchange

rate of different years is -387792.0105 when the
non-oil exports are 0.
β1=25702.65, which means if the U.S dollar Exchange
rate depreciates by 1 rupee, then the non-oil exports
increase by 25702.65.

TYPES OF ERRORS:-
1. Type 1 error:- When we reject the null hypothesis when
it is true.
2. Type 2 error:- When we do not reject the null hypothesis
when it is false.
In this data the X variable is the US dollar exchange rate and
the Y variable is the non oil Exports. Through the help of data
analysis toolpak we have found the regression between X and
Y variable and with the help of regression we will find the
relationship between the X and Y variable.

SUMMAR
Y
OUTPUT

Regressio
n Statistics
0.857775674
Multiple R 2
0.735779107
R Square 3
Adjusted 0.730386844
R Square 2
Standard
Error 331932.8843
Observatio
ns 51

ANOVA
Significan
df SS MS F ce F
Regressio 150340827 150340827 136.450891
n 1 27541 27541 1 0
539879254 1101794397
Residual 49 5473 04
204328752
Total 50 73015

Standard Lower Upper Lower Upper

Coefficients Error t Stat P-value 95% 95% 95% 95%
 -387792.010 84803.7973 -4.5728142 0.00003289 -558211.6 -217372 -558211 -217372
Intercept 5 4 22 167494 185 .4026 .6185 .4026
X Variable 2200.34022 11.6812195 21280.90 30124.4 21280.9 30124.4
1 25702.65733 4 9 0 818 0647 0818 0647

A REGRESSION OUTPUT IN EXCEL EXHIBITS FOLLOWING

TYPES OF STATISTICS:-
Through the help of regression we will find the relationship
between X and Y variables.
Hθ:
β1=0
Hθ:β1=0 (means that exchange rate has no effect on non-oil
Exports)
Alternate hypothesis:
Hθ: β1≠0 (means Exchange rate has effect on non-oil
Exports)

1.T-stat, when t-statistics calculated fall in either of the

rejection areas, we reject the null hypothesis, and if the
t-statistics falls outside the rejection area, we do not reject
the null hypothesis.
T CALCULATED >CRITICAL VALUE= REJECT THE NULL HYPOTHESIS.
T CALCULATED <CRITICAL VALUE= DO NOT REJECT THE NULL
HYPOTHESIS.

In my data T calculated is 11.6812 and the critical value is

2.0096,
T Calculated=11.6812
Critical Value = 2.0096
 T CALCULATED >CRITICAL VALUE
So as we can see the t calculated is greater than the critical
value, therefore we reject the null hypothesis. That
means there is a significant relationship between the X
variable and the Y variable.

2.The P-value is the probability that lies between 0 and 1 and

is based on the assumption that the null hypothesis is true.

P-VALUE >α = DO NOT REJECT THE NULL HYPOTHESIS.

P-VALUE <α = REJECT THE NULL HYPOTHESIS.

In my data the P value is 0 the significance level is 0.05,
p-value=0

α level = 0.05
P-VALUE < α
So as we can see the p-value is smaller than significance
level,therefore we reject the null hypothesis. That
means there is a significant relationship between the X
variable and the Y variable.

3.Confidence interval- If the null value indeed falls within the

confidence intervals, we do not reject the null hypothesis, If
the value in the null hypothesis does not fall in the
confidence intervals we reject the null hypothesis.
β1=0
Lower limit =21280.90818
Upper limit =30124.40647
In my data the lower limit is 21280.90818 and the upper
limit is 30124.40647 and the null hypothesis is 0 or β1=0.
Null hypothesis didn't fall between lower value and upper
value, therefore we reject the null hypothesis. That
means there is a significant relationship between the X
variable and the Y variable.
Hθ: β1≠0

6. R SQUARE
It is similar to the coefficient of correlation and simply
calculated by squaring the correlation coefficient between the
two variables, that is R Square. The value of R square ranges
between 0 to 1. For example, in my data set, R Square is
0.735779107279952 means 73.5779107279952% of the
variation in the dependent variable(U.S dollar exchange rate)
can be explained by the independent variable(Non- oil
Exports).

7. ADJUSTED R SQUARE
It may be noted that the value of adjusted r square is always
less than R Square. The reason being that as the number of
explanatory variables increases in the model, the
denominator becomes smaller and the value in parenthesis
will become larger. Resultantly, R Square the value will come
out to be smaller than the R Square value.
As we can see the R square is greater than adjusted R
square.
R SQUARE=0.735779107279952
ADJUSTED R SQUARE= 0.730386844163216
As we can see the R square is greater than adjusted R
square:
0.735779107279952 > 0.730386844163216

CONCLUSION
From the given data we have use different tools to find the
relationships between the X and Y variable which is US dollar
exchange rate and the Non-oil Exports we have used the
descriptive statistics to find the mean, median, mode
skewness, kurtosis and also tried other methods like
correlation, covariance, Regression analysis, R square and
the Adjusted R square. From hypothesis analysis we have
noted that all the approaches remain the same which is to
reject the null Hypothesis. This concludes that there is a
significant relationship between X variable (US dollar
exchange rate) and Y variable (Non-oil Exports).