Chapter 5

1. (AB/BC, calculator)

A particle travels along the x-axis for times 0  t  4 . The velocity of the particle is given by
 5  t / 
v(t )  sin  e  . At time t = 0, the particle is 2 units to the right of the origin.
 2 

(a) During what time intervals on [0, 4] is the particle traveling to the left?

(b) Find the average velocity of the particle from 0  t  4 .

(c) Is the speed increasing or decreasing at time t = 2?

(d) For the time interval 0  t  4 , what is the farthest distance to the right that the particle travels
from the origin?
2. (AB/BC, calculator)

e x  e x
Let f be a function defined by f ( x) 
2

(a) Find, if any, the x-coordinates of all relative minimum values of f(x).

(b) Find the average value of f (x) for –1 < x < 1.

(c) Find, if any, the x-coordinates of all inflection points of f (x).

3. (AB/BC, calculator)

Water is flooding into a basement at a rate of f (t )  2 t  5 . Water is being pumped out at a

rate of g (t )  5 1  e 0.5t  . Both f (t) and g(t) are defined for 0 < t < 5 hours. At time t = 0, there
are 15 cubic feet of water in the basement.

(a) Calculate the total amount of water that enters the basement from t = 0 to t = 2 hours.

(b) How fast is the water level changing at time t = 2 hours? Use proper units.

(c) At what time t was the volume of water at a maximum? How much water was in the
basement at the time?
4. (AB/BC, calculator)

1
The function f is defined by f ( x)  for –2< x <2.
4  x2

 f ( x) for  2  x  0
Let g be the function defined by g ( x)   1 .
x+ for 0  x  2
 2

(a) Is g continuous at x = 0? Use the definition of continuity to explain your answer.

(b) What is the area of the region bounded by f, the x-axis, the y-axis, and the line x = 1?

1
(c) Find the value of 1
g ( x)dx .
5. Let f (x) = arccos(x) and let g(x) = x2. Define h(x) = f (g(x)).

(a) At what values of x does h(x) have a relative maximum?

(b) Write but do not evaluate an expression that can determine the area of the region bounded by

the graphs of h(x) and the horizontal line y  .
3

d 1   
(c) Evaluate f  .
dx 3
6. (AB/BC, non-calculator)

Let f ( x )  e x  x .

(a) Find the critical values of f. Classify each of these values as a relative minimum, a relative
maximum, or neither a minimum nor a maximum. Justify your conclusion.

(b) Write the equation of the line tangent to the graph of f at the point where x  1 .
a
(c) Given  f ( x )dx  f   a  , find a .
0
7. (AB/BC, calculator)

Two towers of equal height are spaced 366 feet apart. A cable suspended between the two forms
125  250
x x

a catenary whose height above the ground is given by f ( x)   e  e  where x = 0 is at
250
2  
the point on the ground halfway between the two towers.

(a) What is the height of each tower (rounded to the nearest foot)? (Assume the cable is anchored
to the tops of the towers.)

(b) Evaluate f (100). Explain what f (100) is in the context of the problem.

(c) What is the average height of the cable?

(d) What is the slope of the cable at the rightmost point where the height of the cable is equal to
the average height of the cable?
8. (AB/BC, non-calculator)

x f(x) f (x)

1 3 1

2 -1 3

3 5 -2

4 -2 4

5 4 -2

The table above gives values of f and its derivative f ' at selected values of x. The function f is
twice differentiable at all x.

(a) Use the values in the table to estimate the value of f (1.5) .

(b) Explain why there must be a value c for 1 < c <3, for which f (c)  1 .

(c) Estimate the average value of f (x) from 1 < x < 4 using a trapezoidal sum with 3
subintervals, as indicated in the table.

(d) Assuming f is invertible, find the equation of the line tangent to the graph of y  f 1 ( x) at
x  5.
9. (AB/BC, non-calculator)

Let f be a differentiable function such that f (–2) = 3, f (3) = 5, f (–2) = 4, f (3) = 6. Let g be a
differentiable function, such that g ( x)  f 1 ( x) for all x. What is the value of g(3)?

1
(a)
3

1
(b)
4

1
(c)
5

(d) 6

(e) 4
10. (AB/BC, non-calculator)

dy
If cos x  ln y , what is in terms of x?
dx

(a) ecos x sin x

(b) ecos x sin x

1
(c)
sin x

1
(d)
sin x

(e) cos x sin x

 Question 1

A particle travels along the x-axis for times 0  t  4 . The velocity of the particle is given by
 5  t / 
v(t )  sin  e  . At time t = 0, the particle is 2 units to the right of the origin.
 2 

(a) During what time intervals on [0, 4] is the particle traveling to the left?

(b) Find the average velocity of the particle from 0  t  4 .

(c) Is the speed increasing or decreasing at time t = 2?

(d) For the time interval 0  t  4 , what is the farthest distance to the right that the particle travels
from the origin?

(a) The particle travels to the left when

v(t) < 0. For t  0 , this occurs on the interval

0.701  t  2.879 , so the particle is traveling to

2 : 1: answer
1: justification
the left on that interval.


1 4
4 0
(b) average velocity  v(t )dt  0.103
2 : 1: limits and integrand
1: answer

(c) v(2) = –0.849


a(2) = v(2) = 0.699
2 : 1: answer
1: justification
Since a(2) and v(2) have opposite signs, the
particle is slowing down.
Question 1 (cont.)

(d) The critical numbers of v(t) for t  0 are

t = 0.701 and t = 2.879.
1: tests at critical numbers
x(0)  2 (given) 3 : 1: tests at endpoints
0.701 1: answer
x(0.701)  2   v(t )dt  2.433
0
2.879
x(2.879)  2   v(t )dt  1.070
0
4
x(4)  2   v(t )dt  1.588
0

The maximum distance from the origin is

2.433 units.
 Question 2

e x  e x
Let f be a function defined by f ( x) 
2

(a) Find, if any, the x-coordinates of all relative minimum values of f (x).

(b) Find the average value of f (x) for –1 < x < 1.

(c) Find, if any, the x-coordinates of all inflection points of f (x).

(a)

f ( x) 
2
e  e 
1 x x

1: f   x 
e  e   0
1 x x
2

3 : 1: answer
1: justification
e x  e x
x0

f (x) <0 when x < 0 and f (x) > 0 when x > 0,

so there is a relative minimum at x = 0.

(b) average value

1: lim its and integrand
1 1 e ex x 1 3 : 1: antiderivative

2 1 2
dx 
4
 e  e  1
1 x x
1: answer

1 2
  2e  
4 e
Question 2 (cont.)

(c) f   x   f  x 

Since e x  0 and e  x  0 for all values of x, 1: f   x 


3 : 1: answer
f ( x )   e x  e  x   0 for all values of x.
1 1: justification
2
Thus f   x   0
 f concave up everywhere . Therefore, f
does not have any inflection points.
 Question 3

Water is flooding into a basement at a rate of f (t )  2 t  5 . Water is being pumped out at a

rate of g (t )  5 1  e 0.5t  . Both f (t) and g(t) are defined for 0 < t < 5 hours. At time t = 0, there
are 15 cubic feet of water in the basement.

(a) Calculate the total amount of water that enters the basement from t = 0 to t = 2 hours.

(b) How fast is the water level changing at time t = 2 hours? Use proper units.

(c) At what time t was the volume of water at a maximum? How much water was in the
basement at the time?

(a) The total amount of water entering the

basement is 
2 : 1: integral
1: answer
2
0
f (t )dt  6.229 ft 3

1: expression for net rate

(b) f (2) – g(2) = –0.989 ft3/hr 3 : 1: answer
1: units

(c) R(t) = f (t) – g(t) > 0 for 0 < t < 1.457 hrs.
R(t) = f (t) – g(t ) < 0 for 1.457 < t < 5 hrs. 1: identifies t  1.457
4 : 1: argument for a maximum
Therefore, the volume of water is at a 2 : total amount of water at maximum point
maximum when t = 1.457 hours.

Therefore, the total amount of water is

 f (t )  g (t ) dt  17.829 ft 3
1.457
15  
0
 Question 4

1
The function f is defined by f ( x)  for –2< x <2.
4  x2

 f ( x) for  2  x  0
Let g be the function defined by g ( x)   1 .
x+ for 0  x  2
 2

(a) Is g continuous at x = 0? Use the definition of continuity to explain your answer.

(b) What is the area of the region bounded by f, the x-axis, the y-axis, and the line x = 1?

1
(c) Find the value of 
1
g ( x)dx .

(a)

1 1
g  0  0  
2 2
1: calculates left and right side limits
1 1 3 : 1: g (0)
lim g ( x)   1: conclusion with justification
x 0
4  02 2
1 1
lim g ( x)  0  
x 0 2 2

lim g ( x)  lim g ( x)  g  0 
x  0 x 0

 g is continuous at x  0
Question 4 (cont.)

(b) 1: limits

3 : 1: antiderivative
1 x
1
1: answer
0
f ( x)dx  arcsin 
2 0

1 
 arcsin  arcsin 0 
2 6

(c)
1: antiderivative of f ( x)
1 1  1
1 0 3 : 1: antiderviative of x 
1
g ( x)dx   f ( x)dx    x   dx
1 0
 2 1: answer 2

 x
0
x2  x  
1

  arcsin   
 2  1 2  0 
 

 1
6
 Question 5

Let f (x) = arccos(x) and let g(x) = x2. Define h(x) = f (g(x)).

(a) At what values of x does h(x) have a relative maximum?

(b) Write but do not evaluate an expression that can determine the area of the region bounded by

the graphs of h(x) and the horizontal line y  .
3

d 1   
(c) Evaluate f  .
dx 3

(a)

2 x
h( x) 
1  x4
1: h  x 

h( x)  0 when x  0 3 : 1: x  0
1: justification
h changes sign from positive to negative

about x  0 , so h( x) has a relative maximum

at x  0 .

(b)

  
cos 1 ( x 2 ) 
 cos    x 2 1: solves for x
3 3 3 : 1: limits
1 1 1: integrand
so, x 2  , and x = 
2 2


1

Thus, the area is 
2
1
2
 h( x)   dx
 3
Question 5 (cont.)

(c)

1
f ( x) 
1  x2
1: f   x 
d 1    1   
f   3 : 1: f 1  
dx 3     3
f   f 1    
  3  1: answer
1

1
f  
2
1 3
  
1 2
1
1
4
 Question 6

Let f ( x )  e x  x .

(a) Find the critical values of f. Classify each of these values as a relative minimum, a relative
maximum, or neither a minimum nor a maximum. Justify your conclusion.

(b) Write the equation of the line tangent to the graph of f at the point where x  1 .
a
(c) Given  f ( x )dx  f   a  , find a .
0

(a)

f   x   ex  1
0  ex  1
1: f   x   e x  1
e 1 
4 : 1: x  0
x

x0 1: relative minimum

1: justification
Since f   x   0 for x < 0 and f   x   0 for x >
0, a relative minimum occurs at x  0 .


(b)
2 : 1: f 1

f  1  e  1 1: f (1) and equation
f (1)  e  1

The equation is y  (e  1)  (e  1)( x  1)

y  (e  1) x
Question 6 (cont.)

(c)
a a

 f ( x)dx   e  x dx
x

0 0
1: integral
 x  2 a
3 : 1: equation
 e x   1: answer
 2 0
 a2 
  ea    1
 2 

 a a2 
 e   1  e 1
a

 2 
a0
 Question 7

Two towers of equal height are spaced 366 feet apart. A cable suspended between the two forms
125  250
x x

a catenary whose height above the ground is given by f ( x)   e  e 250
 where x = 0 is at
2  
the point on the ground halfway between the two towers.

(a) What is the height of each tower (rounded to the nearest foot)? (Assume the cable is anchored
to the tops of the towers.)

(b) Evaluate f (100). Explain what f (100) is in the context of the problem.

(c) What is the average height of the cable?

(d) What is the slope of the cable at the rightmost point where the height of the cable is equal to
the average height of the cable?

(a)

366
2
 183 , so the towers are at 
2 : 1: x  coordinates
1: f (183)
x  183 and 183 .

f (183)  160 , so the towers are 160 feet tall.

(b)

f (100) = 0.205 vertical feet per horizontal feet

f (100) represents the slope of the cable

 
2 : 1: f (100)
1: explanation
Question 7 (cont.)

(c) Average height 


183

183
f ( x)dx
 136.5 ft

2 : 1: limits
1: integrand and answer
366

(d)
1: equation
f ( x)  136.5 3 : 1: finds x  106.4
x  106.4 1: slope
f (106.1)  0.219 vertical foot per horizontal foot
 Question 8

x f (x) f (x)

1 3 1

2 -1 3

3 5 -2

4 -2 4

5 4 -2

The table above gives values of f and its derivative f ' at selected values of x. The function f is
twice differentiable at all x.

(a) Use the values in the table to estimate the value of f (1.5) .

(b) Explain why there must be a value c for 1 < c <3, for which f (c)  1 .

(c) Estimate the average value of f (x) from 1 < x < 4 using a trapezoidal sum with 3
subintervals, as indicated in the table.

(d) Assuming f is invertible, find the equation of the line tangent to the graph of y  f 1 ( x) at
x  5.

(a)

f (2)  f (1) 1  3 1: answer

f (1.5)    4
2 1 1
 f (3)  f (1)
(b) 1
3 1

Since f is continuous and differentiable, by the mean


2 : 1: difference quotient
1: conclusion using MVT
value theorem, there must exist some value c, 1< c <3,
such that f (c) = 1.

(c) Average value =

1 4 1 1 3 1: expression for average value

 f ( x)dx    (3  (1))  (1  5)  (5  2)   3 : 1: trapezoidal sum
4 1 1 3 2 2 1: answer

(d)

f (3)  5  f 1 (5)  3

 f  (5) 
1 1
f   f (5) 
1

1
f (3)

1
2 1: f 1 (3)

3 : 1: ( f 1 )(5)
1: tangent line equation
Tangent Line:

1
y  3   ( x  5)
2
Questions 9-10

1 1 1
9. b g (3)   
f   f (3) 
1
f (2) 4

cos x  ln y  y  ecos x

1 dy
10. a  sin x 
y dx
dy
  y sin x
dx
dy
 ecos x sin x
dx