PINEDA, KYLA JANE R.

RONCAL, JOHN LUIS

BSN-3B GROUP 7
SUBMITTED TO: GERLITA PIO
CASE RESEARCH OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common medical complication in pregnancy, that is first
seen in pregnant woman, who did not have diabetes before she was pregnant. It is a type of diabetes that develops in
pregnancy when blood sugar levels get too high. The glucose builds up in the blood instead of being absorbed by the
cells. GD usually appears during the middle of pregnancy, between 24 and 28 weeks.

There are two types of gestational diabetes mellitus it is called A1GDM and A2GDM, type A1 is the body doesn’t
produce insulin, a hormone that helps blood sugar get into cells to be used for energy. The type A2 the body
produces insulin, but does not use it will.

The signs and symptoms of gestational diabetes mellitus are may be not asymptomatic, severe hyperglycemia
manifest with polydipsia, polyphagia, fatigue, and blurred vision.

The risk factor of gestational diabetes mellitus is Gestational diabetes can develop in anyone during pregnancy. But
people over the age of 25 who are of South and East Asian, Hispanic, Native American or Pacific Island descent are
at a higher risk. Other factors that may increase your chances of GD include:
Heart disease High blood pressure, Inactivity, Obesity, Personal or family history of GD, Polycystic ovary syndrome
(PCOS), Previous birth of a baby weighing nine pounds or more, and Prediabetes (history of higher-than-normal
blood glucose).

The management is having a good diet and regular exercise can help many women with gestational diabetes control
their blood sugar levels. Certain women could additionally require diabetes medication. You can achieve your goal
blood glucose levels with the aid of physical activity. Engaging in physical activity can assist you in lowering
excessive blood pressure or cholesterol levels to a healthy level. You could require insulin if sticking to your diet and
exercising routine aren't adequate to maintain your blood glucose levels within the desired range. (National
Institutions of Health, 2017). And for the diagnostic Screening for gestational diabetes usually takes place between
weeks 24 and 28 of pregnancy. The glucose challenge test is the first test used to evaluate blood sugar levels
following surgical solution ingestion. Elevated levels, which fall below 40, may necessitate additional testing, such
as an oral glucose tolerance test. (Fillipo & et al 2021). For the intervention in type A1 diet modification is sufficient
to control glucose level. And for the type A2 GDM additional therapy with medication insulin or other medication is
required.

Among the 567 191 pregnant women, 80.8% underwent a GDM screening. 12.7% of them got both the diagnostic
test and the pre-test, while the majority (63.3%) just received the pre-test. 4.8% just had the diagnostic examination.
13.2% was the total prevalence of GDM. In women 45 years of age or older, the frequency increased with age, rising
from 8% to 26%. The frequency of receiving both tests increased with age, with younger women more frequently
receiving only the pre-test. (Melchior & et al, 2017). In the Philippines, The Irish Neonatal Health Alliance finds
that one or two in 10 women have gestational diabetes. Filipino women commonly develop GDM. About 40.4% of
high-risk women tested positive for GDM after 26 weeks of gestation. (Department of Health, 2021).

References:

Professional, C. C. M. (n.d.). Gestational diabetes. Cleveland Clinic.

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9012-gestational-diabetes

Rodriguez, B. S. Q. (2023, August 8). Gestational diabetes. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf.

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%20A1GDM.

Ärzteblatt, D. Ä. G. R. D. (n.d.). The prevalence of gestational diabetes (16.06.2017). Deutsches �Rzteblatt.

https://www.aerzteblatt.de/int/archive/article/190612/The-prevalence-of-gestational-diabetes-a-population-

based-analysis-of-a-nationwide-screenin program?

fbclid=IwAR1ZDEma7kQngM96bKRetg701qwEKsP3YdS1jcyWKMl68o8IXHjz0A9PHsc.

Managing & Treating Gestational Diabetes. (2022, November 18). National Institute of Diabetes and

Digestive and Kidney Diseases. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-

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