Quality Assessment System

QUALITY ASSESSMENT SYSTEM
Group : 14
Phalguni Singh : SPA/ NS/ BEM/ 777

Richa Chouksey : SPA/ NS/ BEM/ 779
ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM
The customer is very discerning about the build quality. CONTENT
This is a big challenge especially in low cost housing.
However, there is no worthwhile system to quantify quality
considering the shoestring budget. Discuss various ✔ Introduction
systems available worldwide. How will you use quantified ✔ CONQUAS 21
quality concept in affordable housing? ✔ PASS
✔ QLASSIC
✔ BQA
Discuss various systems available worldwide.
✔ HQI
✔ DQI
How will you use quantified quality concept
✔ Quality Assessment System
in affordable housing?
for Affordable Housing
Discuss various systems available worldwide
INTRODUCTION
In Affordable Housing, quality is often sacrificed in exchange for low costs (for the
customer) and higher profit margins (for the builder or developer). Customers are sold
homes which are poorly designed, cheaply built, often needing costly repairs quickly and,
therefore, their purchase is ultimately not sustainable.
The purpose of defining housing quality :
1. The assessment of aesthetic and/or use values of residential buildings;
2. The identification of targets for upgrading or replacing the existing housing
stock;
3. The allocation of housing loans and subsidies by consideration of effective
occupancy conditions, household income and expenditure;
4. Concern about the health, satisfaction and well-being of residents in relation to
the internal and external conditions of housing neighborhoods.
(Evaluating Quality In Mass-housing Projects Via Six Sigma by Çeliknalça, Fatime Feryal, September 2006)
INTRODUCTION
Reasons of Insufficient quality in construction :
1) Unconformity of projects and construction materials to technical regulations and standards;
2) Insufficient number of quality control engineers and trained technical staff;
3) Poor management of unqualified contractors in construction site;
4) Insufficient tests (quality control tests, construction tests, etc.) and tests performed by
inexperienced, unqualified technical staff ;
5) Poor workmanship because of unqualified and untrained workers in construction-site;
6) Insufficiency of standards and technical specifications that do not match the current developments in
construction techniques and systems;
7) Engineering/design errors;
8) Paying more attention to completing the works on schedule and within budget than to achieving
quality in construction;
9) Poor communication between parties;
10) Improper definition of client requirements, work descriptions;
11) Unfavorable site conditions
CONQUAS 21 – CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ASSESSMENT SYSTEM
Developed by Building and Construction Authority. It
helps in safeguarding the interest of building occupant
in terms of safety, comfort and aesthetic defect which ARCHITECTURAL
occurs post occupancy. WORKS
“Doing Things Right the First Time”
Objective:
1. To have a standard quality assessment
system for construction project
2. Make quality assessment – comparing with 3
workmanship standards and specification, COMPONENTS
Sampling approach suitably to represent the

whole project
3. To enable cost effective and time effective STRUCTURAL M&E
WORKS WORKS
quality assessment
(Building and Construction Authority, 1 January, 2005)
Architectural Works
This deals with finishes and components.
Components include Internal finish (floor, internal ARCHITECTURAL
wall, ceiling, doors, windows, components), roof, WORKS
external work, material and functional test.
Stages of Assessment
• Site Inspection
• Material and functional tests (eg. Water Internal External
tightness, adhesion, etc.)

Structural Works
As the cost of failure and repair are very significant.
Structural Assessment is applicable to pre-caste component STRUCTURAL
on site and not in industry. Weightage is given to various WORKS
structural steel, RCC, precast (precast is considered when
its more than 20% of the total structural cost).
• Site Inspection RCC

• Laboratory testing
• Non-destructive testing Steel Precast
(cost of precast
Assessment excludes heavy foundation, sub structure and heavy equipment > 20% of total
structural cost)
M & E Works
It’s important as its contribution is high in costing. MECHANICAL
It’s also responsible for building performance. AND ELECTRICAL
WORKS
• Site installation of installed work before its

concealed (electrical conduits, plumbing, etc.)
• Site Inspection of final installed works such
as AHU. During Upon
• Performance test of selected work like water construction construction
pressure test, Earthing test, dry rise test, etc. of structural of building
work
Sampling
Its impractical to assess all of the
building, its better to pick samples that
represent the whole building and test it.
Samples are uniformly distributed
throughout the construction site. All the
locations are to be offered to BCA for
assessment. Sampling is based on gross
floor area.
Assessment
Complies to the standards
Assessment and Scoring
Weightage % of the components is Do not Complies to the standards
decided as per the functional category Item is not applicable
of the structure.
CONQUAS Score: Count of “ “
CASE EXAMPLE
Scenario
Project Type - Commercial (CAT A) Components Percentage

Structural System - RCC with pre-stress Structural Work 25%
Pre-stressing works - 78% to 22% cost ratio Architectural Work 55%
External Wall - Full Glass Curtain Wall M & E Work 20%
CONQUAS Score 100%

CASE EXAMPLE - Structural Score
Structural Works (RCC) Percentage Score

Formwork 10% 7.5
Rebar 30% 24.7
Finished Concrete 20% 18.6
Concrete Quality 10% 10.0
Steel Reinforcement Quality 5% 5.0
NDT - UPV for concrete uniformity 15% 11.3
NDT - Electro-Covermeter test for concrete cover 10% 5.0
Total 100% 82.1

CASE EXAMPLE - Structural Score
Structural Works (Pre-stressed Concrete) Percentage Score
Tendon & Anchorage 25% 20.3
Sheathing 25% 22.6
Stressing & Grouting 25% 24.3
Debonding 25% 21.4
Total 100% 88.6
Proportioned by Cost Ratio

Structural Works Individual Score (A) Cost Proportion (B) AxB
Conventional RC works 82.1 78% 64.0
Pre-stressed works 88.6 22% 19.5
Total Structural Score 100% 83.5
CASE EXAMPLE – Architectural Score
Architecture Works (External) Percentage Score

External Walls 12% 9
External Works 6% 5
Pre-packed plaster 1% 1
External Wall paint - Warranty 1% 1
Wet Area Water-Tightness Test 5% 1
External Walls Water-Tightness Test for Windows & 10% 8
External Wall Joints
Flat Roof - Waterproofing Warranty and Ponding Test 5% 3
Total 40% 28

CASE EXAMPLE – Architectural Score
Architecture Works (Internal) Percentage Score
Floors 16% 10.3
Internal Walls 16% 11.7
Ceilings 6% 4.8
Doors 6% 3.6
Windows 6% 4.1
Components 6% 4.6
Pull-Out-Test for Internal Wall Tiles 4% 3
Total 60% 42.1
Architecture Works Percentage Score

Internal 60% 42.1
External 40% 28.0
Total Architectural Score 100% 70.1
CASE EXAMPLE – M & E
M & E Works Assessment Percentage Score
Pre-stressed works
Electrical 15% 12.2
ACMV 20% 18.4
Fire Protection 10% 8.8
Plumbing & Sanitary 15% 11.2
Basic Fittings 15% 12.8
Sub
M &Total
E Performance Test Assessment 75%
Percentage 63.4
Score
Performance Test 100% 86.9
M & E Works Percentage Score

M & E Works Assessment 50% 42.3
M & E Performance Test Assessment 50% 43.4
Total M & E Score 100% 85.7
CASE EXAMPLE – Final CONQUAS Score
Area of Work Actual Score Weightage for Cat AxB

(A) A
(B)
Structural Works 83.5 25% 20.9
Architectural Works 70.1 55% 38.6
M & E Works 85.7 20% 17.14
Total M & E Score 100% 76.64
CONQUAS SCORE – 76.64

CONQUAS 21
Limitation
1. Does not consider the effectiveness of the contractor’s safety or management

systems.
2. The cost of supporting a third party process must be considered in weighting the
total costs.
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SCORING SCHEME (PASS)
The tool was developed to measure the performance of Individual contractor.
INPUT
(management capability, organization and
✔ It measures performance output
ASSESSMENTS
communication issues)
directly against defined standards.

PASS
OUTPUT
(quality of the final output of building
works)
✔ The assessment is a simple yes/no
exercise
MAINTENANCE PERIOD
(building functions after occupation
within Defect Liability Period)
INPUT 25%
Management Input Assessment Programme and Progress Assessment
Accounts Contractor's site Conducted mainly by referring to
management capabilities directly adequacy (i.e. the comprehensiveness
against defined standards. It is and updateness) of the contractor's
composed of four factors: programme. It is composed of three
1. Management and organization of factors:
works 1. Programming
2. Resources 2. Progress against programme
3. Co-ordination and control 3. Milestone dates
4. Documentation
OUTPUT 75%
35% 35% 10% 20%
Structural Works Architectural Works External Works General Obligations
Assessment Assessment Assessment Assessment
1. Reinforcement comprises on-site Factors covered by this concerned with the

2. Formwork and inspection of aspect include roads, contractor's duties and
falsework workmanship of emergency access, responsibilities under
3. Finished concrete components, finishing footpaths, pedestrian the contract w.r.t.
4. Construction and inspection of areas, drainage, and factors like safety and
quality and regular test to be covered walkways security.
practice conducted on critical with specific quality
items susceptible to standards and
latent defects. tolerances.
MPA 12 Months
Outstanding Execution of works of Management, response

works repair and documentation
Sampling
Only one half of a day’s notice is given to the contractor before an assessment, and the choices of
“locations” and “spots” for assessment are random.
Each “spot” is broken down into several specific “items” which have pre-determined standards.
Assessment for items

Compliance
Non - Compliance The comprehensive scoring will be the “Composite
Score” which is based on the “Output Assessment” score
Assessment for Spot and the “Input Assessment”
P Pass
F Fail
(Contractor Evaluation and Selection: a Hong Kong Perspective by Mohan M. Kumaraswamy, Building and
Envrronmmt, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 273-282, 1996 )
EXAMPLE OUTPUT ASSESSMENT
Aspect Number of factor Example of factor
Architecture works 16 Internal wall Finish
Structural works 9 Formwork and Falsework
External works 6 Roads and Emergency access
Other Obligations 5 General site safety
INPUT ASSESSMENT
Aspect Number of factor Example of factor
Management and organization of works 7 Site planning
Resources 8 Labour forecast

Co-ordination and control; response to 14 Remedial works
instructions
Documentation 16 Time (and quality) of statutory submission
Programming and Progress 9 On finishing work progress
(Contractor Evaluation and Selection: a Hong Kong Perspective, Building and Environment, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 273-282, 1996)
Limitations
This study has highlighted some of the problems in applying PASS, which include:
1. Large discrepancies between the target quality scores and the average output scores.
2. Only a few large contractors can achieve the acceptable quality levels with the majority
failing to attain the standards; and, most importantly.
3. The pass scores do not show an upward trend, which indicates that the target of continuous
quality improvement has not been realized.
(Performance assessment scoring system of public housing construction for quality improvement in Hong Kong by
C.M. Tam, Z.M. Deng, S.X. Zeng and C.S. Ho, International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, Vol. 17 Nos
4/5, 2000, pp. 467-478.)
QUALITY ASSESSMENT SYSTEM IN CONSTRUCTION (QLASSIC)
QLASSIC is primarily based on workmanship standards and specifications achieved and it
does not cover design specifications
“doing things right the first time and every time”.
ARCHITECTURAL EXTERNAL
Objective: WORKS WORKS
1. To benchmark the level of quality of the
construction industry Malaysia
2. To have a standard quality assessment 4
system for quality of workmanship of building COMPONENTS
projects
3. To assess quality of workmanship of a
building project based on CIS 7 standard
4. To evaluate the performance of contractors STRUCTURAL M&E
based on quality of workmanship WORKS WORKS
5. To compile data for statically analysis
(Quality Assessment System For Building Construction Works, Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia
2014)
2014)
Structural Works
The structural integrity of the building is of paramount importance as the cost of failure
and repairs are very significant.
The assessment is done during construction.
STRUCTURAL WORK
Site inspection of reinforced Test results of compressive Non-destructive testing of the

concrete, structural steel strength of concrete and uniformity and cover of
and prestressed concrete tensile strength of steel hardened concrete
structures during reinforcement
construction
2014)
Structural Works
2014)
Architectural Works
Architectural works deal mainly with finishes. This is when the quality and standard of
workmanship are most visible.
Assessment of architectural works is carried out upon completion of the building
project and before the handover of the project.
ARCHITECTURAL WORK
Internal Material and Functional Test External
Architectural works encompass floors, internal walls, ceilings, doors, windows, fixtures,
external walls, aprons, perimeter drains, structure car parks and car porches.
2014)
Architectural Works
2014)
M & E Works
The quality of M&E works is important in view of its increasingly high-cost proportion
and its impact on the performance of a building.
Assessment of M&E works is carried out during construction and upon completion of
the building project and before the handover of the project.
M & E WORK
M & E Work Assessment Performance Test Assessment
The assessment covers electrical works, air-conditioning and mechanical ventilation works
(ACMV), fire protection works, sanitary and plumbing works, and basic M&E fittings.
2014)
M & E Works
2014)
External Works
The quality of M&E works is important in view of its increasingly high-cost proportion
and its impact on the performance of a building.
Assessment of external works is carried out upon completion of the building and before
the handover of the project.
EXTERNAL WORK
External works cover the general external work elements in building construction such as the
link-way/ shelter, external drain, roadwork, car park on the ground, footpath, turfing,
playground, court, gate, fence, swimming pool, electrical substation, guard house and bin centre.
The total QLASSIC score for external works shall be the marks achieved divided by
the total achievable marks.
2014)
External Works
Element Sample Criteria
Link-ways/shelters 10 m length section per sample and minimum 2 samples
External drains 10 m length section per sample and minimum 2 samples
Roadwork and parking bay on the ground 10 m length section per sample and minimum 2 samples
Footpaths and turfing 10 m length section per sample and minimum 2 samples
Playground 1 location
Court 1 location
Fence and gate 10 m length section per sample and minimum 1 sample
Swimming pool 10 m length section per sample and minimum 1 sample
Electrical substation 1 location
Guard house 1 location
Bin centre 1 location
2014)
Limitation
1. A major weakness of QLASSIC is that assessment of architectural and external

work is not conducted until the project is completed
2. It does not consider post occupancy performance as an assessment criteria.
2014)
BUILDING QUALITY ASSESSMENT (BQA)
BQA is a computerized system of building appraisal tool for scoring the performance of a
building, relating actual performance to identified requirements for user groups in that type
of building.
Objective:
1. To be used as an aid for portfolio or asset management, rent reviews, investment appraisals,
purchasing or selling properties, defining quality at briefing stage for new build and
refurbishment, and judging alternative design proposals.
2. To compare and score the quality of buildings of the same type
Evaluation
The BQA system is based on a weighted evaluation of 137 factors of building design parameters. These
factors are ascribed among the nine categories:
BQA Category Description
Presentation Appearance of the building & impression created
Space Functionality Factors that determine operation of spaces
Access & Circulation Matters concerned with access of people & goods
Amenities Facilities or spaces for people
Business services Electrical services & information technology
Working Environment Working conditions of people in their work space
Health & Safety Mandatory & other health or safety requirements
Structural Considerations Building structure, construction & condition
Building Operations Short & long term management of the building
2014)
Assessment:
1. A detailed comparable grading system for each factor is developed ensuring none of the
factors are all of equal importance.
2. The score for each factor (0 -10) is multiplied by a factor weight (0 - 100) to reflect its
importance in the view of the user.
3. The weighted scores are summed for each category and normalized by the sum of the
weights for that category.
4. The category score is also weighted to reflect its importance and when added to the other
category scores gives an overall BQA score for the particular building.
HOUSING QUALITY INDICATOR (HQI)
Housing Assessment System is a Swiss online tool developed to provide assistance in the
design, evaluation, and comparison of residential objects.
It contains 10 indicators that measure housing quality
and presents a series of questions on location, site, unit,
IMMEDIATE
and external environment quality for developer or client. ENVIRONMENT
Location Unit - layout
Site - visual impact, layout Unit - noise, light and
and landscaping services HQI
Site - openspace Unit - accessibility SITUATION

HOUSING
Site - routes and movement Unit - energy, green and
sustainability issues
Unit - size Performance in use Quality measure Aspects
HOUSING QUALITY INDICATOR (HQI)
Evaluation
1. The information from the HQI form is transferred to the spreadsheet, where
computer-based score calculation, turns the answers to the HQI form into a
standardized score.
2. Each indicator receives 1/10th of the total possible score, as they can all be viewed
as equally, though differently, important in creating quality.
3. Failure to meet suitable levels of, say, security or noise control may render a house so
inhabitable that other factors cannot compensate.
4. HQI users have the option to change the weightings applied to each indicator.
This can take account of any special priorities determined by the RSL or developer.
DESIGN QUALITY INDICATOR (DQI)
Design Quality indicator is based on Vitruvian principle, that a structure must meet three
qualities i.e. Build Quality, Impact and Functionality.
FUNCTIONALITY
DQI is an online tool which includes non-technical

questionnaire with 0-5 rating where,
‘0’ = ‘not applicable’
‘5’ = ‘strongly agree’ DQI
Results get instantly displayed to facilitate a discussion

IMPACT BUILD
among project participants. QUALITY
Hence, this approach do not include a quantification of Vitruvian Principle

quality, but a qualitative assessment only
(Design Quality Indicator, Design Quality Indicator, 1999, https://www.dqi.org.uk/howdoesdqiwork.php)

SUMMARY
Quality Origin Objective Criteria
Assessment
System
CONQUAS Singapore 1. To have a standard quality assessment 1. Structure
21 Building and system for construction project 2. Architecture
Construction 2. Make quality assessment – comparing 3. Services
Authority, with workmanship standards and
1986 specification, Sampling approach suitably
to represent the whole project
3. To enable cost effective and time effective
quality assessment
PASS Hong Kong To measure performance output directly 1. Input
Housing against defined standards and to provide a fair 2. Output
Authority, means of comparing the performance of 3. Maintenance post
1991 individual contractors. Occupancy
SUMMARY
Assessment
System
QLASSIC Construction 1. To evaluate the quality of 1. Structure
Industry workmanship in the construction 2. Architecture
Development project based on the approved standards 3. External
Board of and specification 4. M&E
Malaysia 2. To have a standard quality assessment
(CIDB), 1999 system for the construction industry
3. To compare quality between projects
4. To evaluate a contractor’s
performance
5. To be used for data compilation for
statistical analysis in estimating the
quality of workmanship and the
productivity level of the construction
industry
SUMMARY
Assessment
System
BQA Ryder Hunt in 1. To be used as an aid for portfolio 1. Presentation
conjunction or asset management, rent 2. Space Functionality
with Victoria reviews, investment appraisals, 3. Access & Circulation
University of purchasing or selling properties, 4. Amenities
Wellington defining quality at briefing stage 5. Business services
under, Quality for new build and refurbishment, 6. Working Environment
Assessment and judging alternative design 7. Health & Safety
International proposals. 8. Structural
(QAI), Considerations
Australia 2. To compare and score the quality 9. Building Operations
of buildings of the same type
SUMMARY
Assessment
System
HQI United 1. To provide assistance in the design, 1. Location
Kingdom from evaluation, and comparison of 2. Site - visual impact,
2008 to 2015 residential objects. layout and landscaping
3. Site – open space
4. Site - routes and
movement
5. Unit - size
6. Unit - layout
7. Unit - noise, light and
services
8. Unit - accessibility
9. Unit - energy, green and
sustainability issues
10. Performance in use
Applying quantified quality concept in affordable housing
INTRODUCTION
Understanding Affordable Housing in India
“A new house is a very big investment for low-income customers; they cannot afford to buy bad
quality.” Category Size EMI/ Rent
Variables involved in calculation of EWS Minimum 300sqft. builtup & Not exceeding
minimum 269 sqft. (25 sqm.) 30-40% of gross
affordability are :
carpet area monthly income
LIG Minimum 500 sqft. builtup and of buyer
1. Carpet Area Price (CAP)
maximum 517 sqft. (48 sqm.)
carpet area
2. Housing Price Indices (HPI) for
Definition of affordable housing: JNNURM
various cities of India
3. loan-to-value (LTV) ratio
4. EMI to be paid by the household
5. income of the household
(Reserve Bank of India, 2008) Definition of affordable housing by KPMG and CREDAI
QUALITY ASSESSMENT SYSTEM FOR AFFORDABLE HOUSING
The purpose is to ensure the quality and affordability
of the structure, considering cost and maintenance.
Hence in case of affordability structure and architecture
ARCHI-TECTURA
takes equal weightage as architecture L MAINTEN-
WORKS ANCE PERIOD
Objective:
1. To have a standard quality assessment system
for affordable housing at minimum cost.
2. Make quality assessment – comparing with 4
COMPONENTS
minimum workmanship standards and
specification.
3. To enable cost effective and time effective
quality assessment. M&E
STRUCTURAL
WORKS WORKS
Architectural Works
This will include finishes and components (floor,
internal wall, ceiling, doors, windows, ARCHITECTURAL
components), roof, external work, material and WORKS
functional test. This is important to ensure least
maintenance cost of the structure. This will also
include performance assessment and
sustainability parameter as well.
Internal External
• Site Inspection
• Material and functional tests (eg. Water
tightness, adhesion, etc.)
Structural Works
The structure must have good strength, stability against
dynamic forces and safe, to perform efficiently throughout STRUCTURAL
the life span. WORKS
• Site Inspection RCC

• Laboratory testing
• Non-destructive testing Steel Other
component
(alternate
technology)
M & E Works
It’s important as its contribution is high in costing. MECHANICAL
It’s also responsible for building performance. AND ELECTRICAL
WORKS
• Site installation of installed work before its

concealed (electrical conduits, plumbing, etc.)
• Site Inspection of final installed works such
as water supply, solar panels, etc. During Performance
• Performance test of selected work like water Installation Test after
pressure test, Earthing test, dry rise test, etc. installation
Maintenance Works
It is used to assess the contractor's performance on a MAINTENANCE
project during the 12-month Post Occupancy Period WORKS
following certified completion. As per section 14 of
Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 5 Years
2016 it becomes the responsibility of the promoter’s
responsibility to rectify any structural defect till 5
years. Hence, the DLP may be extended to 5 years.
Stages of Assessment Post occupancy

performance
• Monitoring the performance of the structure
and services post occupancy.
Sampling
Similar to PASS, the contractor will be given short notice (around a day) before inspection and
the sample selection will be random. Number of samples will be decided on the basis of scale of
the project.
The sample selection will as per CONQUAS 21 for CAT C, considering Gross Floor Area.
Assessment
The criteria under different components Complies to the standards
will be assessed for their compliance to
the codes and standards to ensure they Do not Complies to the standards
meet the minimum requirement.
FINAL Score: Count of “ “

Component Codes and Standards Percentage
Architectural Works NBC 35%
Structural Works IS Codes 35%
M & E Works IS Codes, specification by service provider 11%
Maintenance Period Frequency of reworks 19%
Total 100%
Survey data from research

Strength, Stability and Disaster Resilience potential 13% Component Score %
Ease of meeting functional requirements and user comfort 9%
Architectural 28 35%
Constructability and Quality of Construction 15% Works
Ease of "Reduce, Reuse and Recycle" in Construction Material and Technology incorporated 9% Structural 28 35%
Service Life and Durability of the Building 15% Works
Environmental and Energy Performance of the Building 9% M&E 9 11%
Efficiency in compliance to the Codes and Standards 12% Works
Occupant's perceptions (like aesthetics, culture and lifestyle, sense of belongingness, Maintenance 15 19%
understanding of building operations, etc.) 8% Period
Total 100% Total 80 100
THANK YOU
REFERENCES
1. Brkanić, I., Number 14, 2017. HOUSING QUALITY ASSESSMENT CRITERIA. Scientiffic paper / Znanstveni rad, pp. 37-47.
2. Building and Construction Authority, 1 January, 2005. CONQUAS 21, Singapore.: Building and Construction Authority.
3. ÇELİKNALÇA, F. F., SEPTEMBER 2006. EVALUATING QUALITY IN MASS-HOUSING PROJECTS VIA SIX SIGMA:,
s.l.: Middle East Technical University (METU) libraries.
4. CLEMENTS-CROOME, D., 2003. Environmental Quality and the Productive Workplace, he Chartered Institution of Building
Services Engineers. [Online]
5. Available at: http://www.cibse.org/pdfs/2acroome.pdf [Accessed 3 2021].
6. CLIFT, M., 1996. Building Quality Assessment (BQA) for Offices, Structural Survey. Emerald MCB , 14(2), pp. 22-25.
7. Construction Industry Council, UK, 1999. Design Quality Indicator. [Online]
8. Available at: https://www.dqi.org.uk/howdoesdqiwork.php [Accessed March 2020].
9. Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia, 2014. QUALITY ASSESSMENT SYSTEM FOR BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION WORKS. s.l.:Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia.
10. HARRISON, A., 1999. Housing Quality Indicators, s.l.: DEGW plc. .
11. Hong Kong Housing Authority, 1991. Hong Kong Housing Authority. [Online]
12. Available at:
https://www.housingauthority.gov.hk/en/business-partnerships/resources/performance-assessment/building-pass/index.html
[Accessed March 2021].
13. Kumaraswamy, M. M., 1996. Contractor Evaluation and Selection: a Hong Kong Perspective. Building and Environment, 31(3),
pp. 273-282.
14. LAWRENCE, R., 1995. Housing Quality: An Agenda for Research. Urban Studies, 32(10), pp. 1655-1664 .
15. R. TAKIM, A. A. a. J. K., 2003. Performance Measurement Systems in Construction. 19th Annual ARCOM Conference, 3-5
September, University of Brighton Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Volume 1, pp. 423-432 .

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QUALITY ASSESSMENT SYSTEM

Phalguni Singh : SPA/ NS/ BEM/ 777

Sampling approach suitably to represent the

(Building and Construction Authority, 1 January, 2005)

• Site Inspection RCC

• Site installation of installed work before its

Project Type - Commercial (CAT A) Components Percentage

(Building and Construction Authority, 1 January, 2005)

Structural Works (RCC) Percentage Score

(Building and Construction Authority, 1 January, 2005)

Proportioned by Cost Ratio

Architecture Works (External) Percentage Score

(Building and Construction Authority, 1 January, 2005)

Architecture Works Percentage Score

M & E Works Percentage Score

Area of Work Actual Score Weightage for Cat AxB

CONQUAS SCORE – 76.64

(Building and Construction Authority, 1 January, 2005)

1. Does not consider the effectiveness of the contractor’s safety or management

directly against defined standards.

1. Reinforcement comprises on-site Factors covered by this concerned with the

Outstanding Execution of works of Management, response

Assessment for items

Resources 8 Labour forecast

Site inspection of reinforced Test results of compressive Non-destructive testing of the

Internal Material and Functional Test External

M & E Work Assessment Performance Test Assessment

1. A major weakness of QLASSIC is that assessment of architectural and external

2. It does not consider post occupancy performance as an assessment criteria.

2. To compare and score the quality of buildings of the same type

Site - openspace Unit - accessibility SITUATION

Unit - size Performance in use Quality measure Aspects

DQI is an online tool which includes non-technical

Results get instantly displayed to facilitate a discussion

Hence, this approach do not include a quantification of Vitruvian Principle

(Design Quality Indicator, Design Quality Indicator, 1999, https://www.dqi.org.uk/howdoesdqiwork.php)

3. loan-to-value (LTV) ratio

4. EMI to be paid by the household

5. income of the household

• Site Inspection RCC

• Site installation of installed work before its

Stages of Assessment Post occupancy

Assessment and Scoring

FINAL Score: Count of “ “

Survey data from research

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