ADA 1 Unit 2

LUCHA DE LA INDEPENDENCIA

anette zarahi
WRITE AN ESSAY (A PAGE) ON THE COUNTRY'S INDEPENDENCE STRUGGLE AND UPLOAD IT TO THE
PLATFORM
The Mexican War of Independence lasted 11 years, the stages into which this historical period is
usually divided are four: initiation, organization and definition, resistance and consummation. The
periods of each of these stages were established according to the nature and scope of the events
that occurred.

First Stage: Beginning of the War (1810 – 1811). From the popular uprising led by Miguel Hidalgo y
Costilla, known as the Grito de Dolores on September 16, 1810 to the Battle of the Calderón Bridge
on January 17, 1811.

It consisted of a disorganized revolt against the Spanish crown with the banner of the Virgin of
Guadalupe, led by Miguel Hidalgo and motivated by a feeling of rage unleashed in the face of the
injustices experienced especially by the indigenous people and peasants.

Despite being a massive movement, it did not have a military and political organization that would
allow it to confront the monarchical regime that arrived from Spain. The royalist authorities did little
to put an end to the revolutionary attempt and as a result the most important leaders, including
Hidalgo, were shot.

Second Stage: Organization and Definition (1811 – 1815). From the moment Ignacio López Rayón
was appointed Chief of the Insurgent Forces in Saltillo on March 16, 1811 until the execution of
José María Morelos y Pavon in Ecatepec on December 22, 1815.

During this period, the ideological positioning of the insurgent cause became important, the
independence movement not only carried out military actions but also became a structure and a
legal body.

José María Morelos y Pavon is the most significant figure in this period, as he managed the first
Congress of Anahuac that provided the insurgent movement with its own legal framework.

Félix Calleja del Rey ordered the execution of Morelos and took the opportunity to dismantle the
independence movement.

Third Stage: Resistance and Guerrilla Warfare (1815 – 1820). After Morelos' death, insurgent
groups fought in isolation, especially in the Sierra Madre Sur and Veracruz.

It was characterized by resistance with its main promoters: the Spaniard Francisco Javier Mina, of
the new liberal current that was spreading in Europe and related to Mexican independence, and the
Creole Vicente Guerrero. Fourth stage: Consummation (1821). This period took place between
February 1821 with the signing of the Plan of Iguala and September 28, 1821 with the reading of
the Act of Independence.

The strength shown by the Creoles who resisted the harsh royalist counteroffensive together with
the liberal Constitution of Cadiz, which Ferdinand VII had to accept, forced the royalist authorities to
agree to the independence of Mexico.

As part of the Treaty of Cordoba, the Plan of Iguala was signed, which defined three guarantees:
religion, independence and union.

The new regulations maintained the jurisdiction for military and ecclesiastical personnel and in
exchange gave the power to develop their own constitutional regime to Mexicans. Once an
agreement was reached, the Act of Independence was read in 1821.