NGU (Non gonococcal Pulmonary tuberculosis Syphilis Leptospirosis

urethritis)
Causal 1. Chlamydia trachomatis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Treponema pallidum Leptospira interrogans
organism 2. Ureaplasma urealyticum
3. Mycoplasma genitalium
MOT (Mode Unprotected sexual activity Human-to-human airborne 1. Unprotected sexual activity 1. Zoonotic: contact with
of transmission via coughing, 2. Vertical transmission (Pregnant syphilitic wastes of animals
woman to fetus) ingesting contaminated
transmission) speaking, spitting, singing, 3. Blood donation water
laughing & sneezing. 2. Contact with
contaminated water & soil
3. Through mucous
membrane
Clinical 1. Pain or a burning 1. Night sweats Primary syphilis: 1. Leptospiraemic:
features sensation upon urination 2. Poor appetite 1. Chancre: indurated painless nodule a) Fever
(dysuria) 3. Easy fatiguability 2. Localized lymphadenopathy b) Chills
2. White / cloudy discharge 4. Have a consistent fever, Secondary syphilis: c) Headache
3. Feel to urinate frequently including low-grade fevers 1. Condyloma lata (moist papules at anorectal 2. Leptospiuric phase
4. Males: urethritis, 5. Unexplained weight loss region) a) Aseptic meningitis
2. Generalized lymphadenopathy
pididymitis, prostatitis, 6. Dry cough 3. Maculopapular rashes on palms & sole b) Hepatitis (jaundice)
proctitis 7. Cough up phlegm & blood 4. Mucous patch in mouth c) Nephritis (uremia)
5. Females: cervicitis, 8. Chest pains 5. Systemic involvement: hepatitis, nephritis, d) Lungs (hemorrhage)
meningitis, chorioretinitis
salpingitis, pelvic 9. Local spread to pleura
inflammatory diseases (tuberculous pleurisy), Tertiary syphilis:
(PID) meninges (tuberculous 1. Gumma (granulomatous lesions) of skin &
bones, liver
meningitis), lymphatic 2. Cardiovascular system: aortitis, aneurysm
system (neck scrofula), 3. Tabes dorsalis: damage to dorsal root &
genitourinary system posterior column

(urogenital tuberculosis) etc.

 NGU (Non gonococcal Pulmonary tuberculosis Syphilis Leptospirosis
urethritis)
High risk 1. Sex workers 1. Smokers 1. Sex workers 1. Farmers
person 2. Men who have sex with 2. Immunocompromised 2. Men who have sex with men (MSM) 2. Fishermen
men (MSM) individuals, such as those 3. Individuals who have sexual contact with 3. Garbage collectors
3. Individuals who have living with HIV (PLHIV), syphilis positive individual(s) 4. Sewage workers.
sexual contact with NGU undergoing chemotherapy, 4. Individuals with multiple sex partners 5. Water-sports enthusiasts
positive individual(s) or taking chronic steroids 5. People living with HIV (PLHIV) (triathlons, water rafting,
4. Individuals with multiple 3. Inhabitants & employees of 6. Pregnant mothers canoeing & swimming)
sex partners crowded locales Medically
underprivileged & resource-
poor communities
4. High-risk ethnic minorities
5. Children in close contact
with TB patients
6. Unvaccinated children
7. Health-care providers
(nosocomial infections)
8. People with an autoimmune
disorder, such as lupus or
rheumatoid arthritis
9. People with lifelong
conditions, such as diabetes
or kidney disease
10. Intravenous drug users
11. Malnourished individuals
 NGU (Non gonococcal Pulmonary tuberculosis Syphilis Leptospirosis
urethritis)
Specimen of Urethral discharge 1. Sputum 1. Blood 1. Blood
lab test 2. Cerebrospinal fluid 2. Chancre exudate 2. Cerebrospinal fluid
3. Lymph node
Prevention & 1. Practice abstinence. 1. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin 1. Sexual health education 1. Dialysis for kidney failure
control 2. Protected sex (latex (BCG) vaccination 2. Practice abstinence 2. Tracheal intubation for
condoms) from start to 2. Proper disposal of specimen 3. Protected sex (latex condoms) from start to respiratory failure
finish 3. Early screening finish 3. Avoid contact with
3. Mutual monogamy with 4. Education on cough etiquette 4. Mutual monogamy with only one uninfected contaminated areas.
only one uninfected 5. Proper air ventilation partner 4. Improving housing,
partner 6. Wear face coverings 5. Screening infrastructure, &
4. Regular checkups for 7. Avoid contact with people a) Premarital sanitation standards.
sexually active with pulmonary TB b) Pregnant women 5. Rodent abatement efforts
individuals. 8. Seek medical intervention, c) Donated blood 6. Flood mitigation projects
5. Partner notification. treatment & follow-up. 6. Partner notification 7. Proper use of personal
6. Seek medical 9. Multidrug therapy: 7. Regular checkups for sexually active protective equipment.
intervention, treatment & a) Isoniazid individuals. 8. Proper disposal of
follow-up. b) Pyrazinamide, 8. Seek medical intervention, treatment & follow- specimen.
7. Antibiotics: c) Ethambutol up. 9. Seek medical
a) Azithromycin d) Rifampin 9. Drugs: intervention, treatment &
b) Doxycycline 10. Directly observed therapy a) Penicillin follow-up.
c) Erythromycin (DOT) for complete b) Doxycycline or tetracycline (For penicillin 10. Drugs:
d) Ofloxacin. treatment allergy) a) Oxycycline
b) Penicillin
c) Ceftriaxone.