Reading How important is colour to you? Can you imagine living without it? What do the colours red, yellow and blue mean to you? Word Focus ™ a man-made substance ‘that changes the colour of something | being more important or | powerful than other people or things | Computer generated images show what Something that makes the a renal and coloucblind person con wee mind or body more active when something isnot ikely ee tochange Read the article below. Underline two interesting Ausinlearplaynleterenl things you read about each colour. feel when somebody dies The Power of OLOUR A girl and a rainbow of crushed ice flavours at Chowpatty Beach, India Early humans saw a variety of natural colours around them, from the browns and greens of the soll and plants to the deep blues and red of the sky. They painted their bodies with colours from nature to signal aggression toward an enemy, or to make Over the centuries, the sources of colours such as blue, purple and red were highly valued and they were often worth as much as gold. In the 19th century, a young chemistry student manufactured the first , and suddenly the world became ‘a much moro colourful place. In the 20th century, scientists discovered the psychological effects of colours, and people found ways to use this discovery to influence our feelings and behaviour. Red, the colour of blood, symbolises fire, love and anger. In Easter cultures, people believe it brings luck, wealth and success. in humans, the colour red can send diflerent messages. Some people redden, for example, when they are angry embarrassed. Researchers have discovered that in sports the team that is wearing red is more likely to win, Why? Because red seems to be the colour giving those dressed in red vit h this bRead the Exam Close-up. Then match each question in the Exam Task below with a section in the article. D Now read the article again and complete the Exam Task, For questions 1 ~ 8, choose the answer (a,b, ¢, or which you think fits best according to the text 1. The first man-made colours were produced 2 inthe 19th century. bin the 20th century. only recently d_ centuries ago. 2. According to the text, the colour red a symbolises bad luck is believed to embarrass people. ¢ makes people less aggressive. d_ gives an advantage to team members who wear it, 3. Yellow is used to highlight information in a text because a. itis an important colour b itis a highly visible colour. €_ ican be used to caution people. d_ people prefer this colour to other colours. 4. What are English speakers referring to when they talk about ‘feeling blue’ (para 5)? ‘a. being sad b being in control being upset when someone dies d_ being calm 5. The phrase this idea (para 6) refers to a stopping hunger. b food. relaxation painting rooms. ‘What is this text mainly about? how colour has a calming effect bb the sources of colour how views of colour have changed 4 how colour influences people Yellow, the colour that comes to mind when we think of sunshine, is found throughout nature and the man-made world as a colour that commands attention; indeed, it is one of the easiest colours to see. This highly visible shade is found on everything from school buses to traffic signs and pens that we use to highlight important information in a text. The colour is also used to caution people; football players, for example, are shown a yellow card as a reminder to behave. It can be used as a stimulant as well: in a number of studies, yellow has bbeen found to help children focus on their work and do better at school Blue Blue, the colour ofthe sky and sea, is associated in many cultures with water, religious objects, and protection agains evil Its dare shades represent calm, stablty and Rie hyn '* Doz class survey to find the most popular colour. ‘that colour has a powerful effect on people? Identifying key information * With multiple-choice questions, read the main part of the question frst and underline the key words, + Then find the section of the text which corresponds to the main part of each question end mark it + Finally, read the answer options carefully and check them against the sections of the texts you marked to find the correct answer. E Find the meaning of these underlined words in the article. Then use the words to complete the sentences below. 1. People rely on you if you are 2 Myouare feel that you cannot enjoy anything, 3. You feel ashamed or shy if you are . you are sad and 4 When people are . they behave angrily or violently toward others. 5 Somebody whois to look at. __ is pleasant ‘runk on Bribie sland, ene power. Dark blue, for exemple, is the colour of the business suit or police uniform; it tells others, ‘lam in control, ort am trustworthy" Blue is also associated with sadness. Its ‘common in English, for example, when you are feeling sad co depressed, to tak about ‘feeling blue,’ while in Iran, blue is the colour of mourning, wom when a person dies. Like pink, blue has @ calming effect on people. Rooms painted blue help people to relax or sleep. Sleeping pills are often coloured blue to suggest exactly this idea. This colour also seems to reduce feelings of hunger. Blue food is arely seen in nature, and when itis, such food is usually ro longer healthy to consume. It's just one more example of the power that colour can hold over us Ideas Focus1 Your World Vocabulary Complete the word groups. Which are adjectives and which are nouns? hletic belief depression generous gift peaceful pretty skin anger, sadness, attractive, handsome, thoughtful, considerate, thought, feeling, skill, talent, calm, stable, fit, healthy, plump, thin Learning Word groups + Learning words in groups or categories can help you remember them © It’s.2 good idea to keep a vocabulary list and group your wards into categories. Choose the correct answers. ‘Note down the part of speech at the same time and any important collocations, e.g. Describing people 11 Whenever I'm feeling blue, my friends always ime that things will get better. (ad)) attractive, handsome, fit, thin, ete. = remind) b recall fermenter: Feelings 2. __‘snice, but money can’t buy health or happiness. (n) anger, sadness, depression, ete. a Luck b Stability ¢ Wealth 3. The comedian was __ and went bright red when ‘Complete the sentences with these words. nobody laughed at his jokes. classmate colleague enemy flatmate @ embarrassed b entertained ¢ amused foreigner idol peers stranger 4. often ask my parents tome how to do things. 1 My—________and have been ving They have lots to teach me. together for six months. We get along really well 2 signal b show € highlight 2 Unfortunately, teenagers often give in to pressure 5 For me, leaming something new is a) in itself. from thelr, ‘punishment b reward © aggression 3. Alo) in the office can sometimes also be a good friend 6 The I wear say a lot about my personality 4 [hate itwhen a thoughtless @ uniforms b objects ¢ clothes misbehaves in class — I'm here to learn! 7. Playing on a baseball __ has taught me how to 5. Jane doesn't like you after you lied to her. | think she’s work with others to achieve a goal. become your worst a group b team © dass 6 My—__is the guitarist Tom Morello. He's supertalented and very cool! Se Oe ese ee ol or studying. It helps them stay awake 7 We can't invite that man to the party. He's a complete a dominance stimulant ¢ stability 8 Mr Boyd is an) who has been living in our country for years. ao Ideas FOCUS | « Are attractive people happier, wealthier and healthier? Why? / Why not? 1s hide people's personalities? Is this a good of : bad thing? WhyUse your Gualish Collocations & Expressions A Circle the correct words. Prepositions C Complete the sentences with these 41. You can really save / make time if you take the bus. The tram is so slow! 2. I think we should all ry to do / make a difference by helping others. 3. Make sure you keep / lose in touch by sending postcards and emails while you're travelling. 4 Agood way to break / smash the ice is to tell a joke. 5 Try to save / use your strength. You've got a long day ahead of you tomorrow. 6 Ididn’t want to make / get trouble for Phil, but | had to tell the teacher he was cheating. 7 You have to try hard to break / make a bad habit —it isn't easy. 8 You must always keep / save a promise that you've made to someone and do what you've said you'll do. Choose the correct answers. 1. you see red, you are a very angry b very calm 2 When you are feeling blue, you are. a cheerful b sad or depressed 3. Ifyou are green with envy, you are. a jealous suspicious 4 When a person is tickled pink about something, they are —. a very pleased b verytired 5. The black sheep of the family is the person who is a unlike the others b_ the same as the others 6 Ifyou say someone is as good as gold, you mean they are. a naughty b well-behaved i For questions 1 ~6, use the given word to complete the second . sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Do not change the given word, You must use between two and five words, including the given word. 1. Steve has gone to Italy to learn the language. Ital local college. . its important to keep in touch with old Why net? Checking the tense Steve is ______ Italy. 2 Iwant to have a positive effect on the world make want to in the world. 5 3. Sonia was delighted when | gave her the flowers. pink twice Sonia___ when I gave her the flowers, when we were 4 My aunt teaches engineering at the local college. 6 teacher guitar My aunt at the Danny prepositions. Some prepositions can be used more than once. 1. You really shouldn't shout your mother. 2. My boss said he has great confidence 3. hope my new diet and daily exercise will have a positive effect 4 I don't want to be associated John any more. He's a nasty person. 5. Gary is getting engaged ___—__Lugy even though they have verylittie 6 James is old-fashioned. He doesn't approve —____ women paying their share of the bill. Read the Exam Close-up. Then complete the Exam Task below. Remember to check the tense you need. In sentence transformation exercises, read the first sentence carefully and find cout what tense is used, ‘Then read the given word and the gapped sentence. Think about the tense you need to use. Complete the gapped sentence. Check that you have used the correct number of words. Then read your sentence again, checking that you have used the right tense. We went to dance classes on Mondays and Wednesdays when we were children, We went to dance classes __ Danny isa really good guitarist.