CALABANGA COMMUNITY COLLEGE

San Isidro, Calabanga, Camarines Sur

MODULE 4
 CALABANGA COMMUNITY COLLEGE
San Isidro, Calabanga, Camarines
Sur S/Y 2020-2021 (Second Semester)

MODULE 4
CARDIO PULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)

INTRODUCTION

Injuries and life-threatening incidents are always unexpected. The failure to take
prompt action may escalate an emergency situation and lead to the mortality and
morbidity of the victim. However, early intervention may be effective in preventing further
deterioration of the patient’s condition, and may even reverse the life-threatening
condition (Savastano & Vanni, 2011). Basic Life Support (BLS) is an emergency procedure
required for victims of cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest and foreign-body airway
obstruction (Smith, Cronenwett, & Sherwood, 2007). Prompt administration of BLS
increases the patient’s chances of recovery. It is believed out-of-hospital mortality could
be significantly reduced if at least 15% of the population had knowledge of BLS
(Maconochie, Simpson, & Bingham, 2007).

OBJECTIVES

At the end of this module, you will be able to:

Determine the method involved in surveying the scene.
Understand the basic theory of respiratory cardiac arrest
Acquire information on breathing principles and how the oxygen is
distributed to the cells of the blood.
Establish knowledge on how the ABC (Airway, Breathing and Circulation) In
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
Develop basic knowledge in applying CPR to adult, child and infant.

Let’s have some fun! Search through this maze of letters for the words that are familiar
to you. You might find them horizontal and vertical. Please circle each word that you
find.

C B Q R B V R X F W Q W F
L A R Y V C C Y J X R R J
M B R H C M V Z K Z X T K
M B R D X N N X R B V R X
N C Y P I P Q Q Y V C C Y
V P U L M O N A R Y M B T
F D V W Z L T R F W Q W F
Y F W Q W P P Y J X R R J
T J X R R M R P K Z X T K
W K Z X T B Z R R B V R X
Z L T N Y C T V Y V C C Y
R E S U S C I T A T I O N
 List down below all the words that you have found in the puzzle and give your own
definition for each word.

CARDIO PULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)

A method used in saving life by recuing casualties who collapsed from

cardiac arrest. If performed correctly and on time CPR may restore the victims
heart function and will definitely increase his/her chances of survival. Thus, full
knowledge in the correct application of CPR to the victim in any eventualities that
may occur can be used to help victims of cardiac arrest.

The 3p’s of First Aid

The three guiding principles of first aid is the governing actions by a first aider.
1. Prevent further injury
2. Preserve life
3. Promote recovery

SEQUENCE IN APPLYING CPR

STEP 1: SURVEY THE SCENE

• Check anything and everything that is not
safe, like the escaping steam, downed electrical
post and lines, traffic conditions, about to fall
debris, and the extreme weather condition etc..
✓ If any of these abovementioned concerns
are present in the scene, you must move the
victim as quickly as carefully as possible.
✓ Remember that the “Dead or injured
heroes are of no help to anyone.”
✓ In case, where in two or more persons
are involved you have to prioritize care, you
have to decide whom to help first.

STEP 2: CHECK FOR RESPONSIVENESS

• If someone is unconscious tap him/her on the shoulder just enough
to wake an unconscious victim but not too hard that might inflict
additional injury to the victim
• Be sure that you are heard by the victim shouting him/her at his/her
situation.
 • If the victim is infant, check the responsiveness of the infant by
flicking the bottom
of the infant foot.
This will be enable
the first aider to
determine if the
infant is responding
or not.

STEP 3: ACTIVATE MEDICAL

ASSISTANCE
✓ Call an ambulance
(Is there somebody
who can help?)
• By stander, they can tell you what happened or can make a call for
help while you are doing first aid to the victim.
• Likewise, by standers who are family members or neighbor who is at
the scene, he/she can provide information of the victim’s medical
condition and of the victim is ali

STEP 4. DO THE PRIMARY SURVEY CHECK THE ABC (Airway, Breathing and Circulation)
✓ Open the airway using the “head-tilt chin-lift”
technique.
• The victim must be at the supine position (lying
on his/her back) with one hand on the forehead and
the other hand under chin, the victim’s head is tilted
back and the chin is lifted, thus, making sure that the
victims jaw line is 90º to the ground.

STEP 5. CONTINUE THE PRIMARY SURVEY

✓ Open the mouth and check
for any foreign objects in the nose
and the mouth.
• To open the mouth, pull the chin
down gently, basically it is quite hard
to open the mouth of unconscious
victim, hence you’ve to apply an
extra amount of strength to pull
down the chin to pull down the chin
to open the mouth of the victim.
• Once it is open, carefully examine for any foreign objects inside the
mouth of the victim, if any use your index finger in hook formation to
remove the object.
• Do not forget to wear surgical gloves before starting CPR.

STEP 6: CONTINUE THE PRIMARY SURVEY CHECK FOR BREATHING AND CIRCULATION
✓ Checking the Breathing
• Using the LLF (Look, Listen and Feel), place your cheek and
ear approximately 2-3 centimeters away from the victims
mouth and looking at the same time at the chest of the
victim
• Doing such method in checking for the breathing, you’ll
detect the following signs if the victim is breathing:
1. Through your cheek, you can feel the air-flow coming
from the victim’s mouth and nose.
2. Through your ear, you can hear the airflow.
 3. Can see the rise and fall of the chest.
✓ Checking the Circulation
• To look for the carotid artery, slide the middle and index
fingers 2
centimeters
downside of the
victims’ adam’s
apple.
• If the pulse is not
felt or the victim
does not show any
signs of movement
or breathing. Start the CPR.

STEP 7: REACTIVATE MEDICAL ASSISTANT

• Following up request for medical assistance and ambulance
(transfer facility)
o Remind the bystander to follow-up the call for medical
assistance.
STEP 8a: APPLICATION OF CPR
• First move: Alignment of first aider to the center of the sternum.

COMPRESSIONS PRINCIPLES
o The objectives of doing chest compression is to effectively
squeeze the heart inside the victim’s chest causing the blood
to flow, it allows the normal gaseous exchange between the
lungs, blood stream and tissues to occur.

STEP 8b: APPLICATION OF CPR

• Location of sternum and positioning of hearts.
✓ First, position your body correctly by kneeling beside the victim’s
upper chest aligning the center of your body to the nipple of the
victim or in the middle part of the sternum (breastbone)
-Compressing the victim’s chest straight down will help you reach the
necessary 2’’ depth for adult, and child and 1 1/2 “depth for infant.
-The compression are performed are performed on the sternum
(breastbone) of the victim aline to the nipple of male and children.

✓ Second, to locate the sternum notch, use your index finger trace the
lower edge of the ribcage and together place your index finger with
the middle finger and place the heel of your
other hand at the side of the index finger.
-Release the two fingers and place such hand
on top of the other interlocking the fingers
and from both hands to secure the position:
Keep your arms and elbows as straight as
possible enabling your shoulders directly over
your hands.
STEP 8c: APPLICATION OF CPR
• CHEST COMPRESSION ON AND
RESCUE BREATHING
✓ Give 30 chest compressions, push
hard, push fast and a rate of at
least 100 compressions per minute
✓ Give compressions by pushing the
sternum down by at least 2’’
(inches)
✓ After giving the 30 compressions
pinch the nose and give two (2)
rescue breathing , (ventilation) to
the victim. Each rescue breathing
should last to about 1 second to make the chest rise.

MAKING COMPRESSION EFFECTIVE

Allow the ribs to come back after each compression.

- This technique allows the heart chamber to refill
-Too close spacing compressions will lead to ineffective compression.

✓ Comply the rate of 100 compressions per minute.

✓ Compresses the chest too fast
✓ Always observed to keep your arms straight.
✓ Make a habit of counting loud.
✓ Compression are likely to break ribs.
-hearing such sounds is a sign that you are performing good and
strong compression.

STEP 9: RECHECK THE BREATHING AND

CIRCULATION.
When to Stop the CPR
First order is mandated to continue giving CPR
to the victim until:

✓ When there is an obvious sign of like breathing

spontaneously.
✓ When the victims vomits.
✓ When qualified helps arrives (ex. Ambulance
service, doctor etc.)
✓ When you are exhausted to continue.
✓ When the scene becomes unsafe.

STEP 10: RECOVERY POSITION

1. From your present position kneeling
at the side of the victim, reach the arm of
the victim farthest from you
and lift the said arm aligning to
the body beside the head of the
victim with the patient’s palm
facing upward.
2.Put the victim’s arm closest to you
and place such arms to the side of the
victim.
3.Grasp the pants of the victim at the top at the knee and bend it to almost 90º.
4. Cup the base of the skull by the palm of your hand nearest to the victim’s head
and carefully slide your forearm under the victim’s shoulder nearest to you.
 Caution: Do not Lift of Push the Head or Neck of the Victim.
5. Put your other hand under arm and hip nearest to you if the victims wearing
long pants.
6. Roll the victim away from you in a smooth motion by lifting your hand and
forearm, making sure at the same time that the victims head remains in contact
with the extended arm and be sure to support the head and neck with your hand.

ADULT CPR

Hand Position: Two

(2) hands in the
center of the chest
aligned to the nipples
of the victim heel of
the lower hand at
lower half of the
sternum

Chest
Compressions
Depth: At least 2
inches in compression
depth.

Cycle and Rescue Breaths: 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breathing about 1
second per breathing.

Compression Rate: 30 chest compressions in about 18 seconds (at least 100

compressions per minute)

CHILD CPR

Hand Position: Two (2) hands in the center of the chest aligned to the nipples of the
victim heel of the lower hand at lower half of the sternum

Chest Compressions Depth: About 2 inches in compression depth.

Cycle and Rescue Breaths: 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breathing at about 1
second per breathing.

Compression Rate: 30 chest compressions in about 18 seconds (at least 100

compressions per minute)

INFANT CPR

Hand Position: Two (2) or three (3) fingers depending on the size of the infant in
center of the chest at the lower half of the sternum just below the nipple line.

Chest Compressions Depth: About 1 1/2 inches in compression depth.

Cycle and Rescue Breaths: 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breathing at about 1
second per breath.

Compression Rate: 30 chest compressions in about 18 seconds (at least 100

compressions per minute)
 Explain the following questions below:
1. How to check the airway.
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2. How to check the breathing and circulation at the same time.

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3. How to do compressions and rescue breathing (ventilation)

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