ie) : KYAMBOGO a UNIVERSITY Faculty of Enghicering Department of tectrle ind Llectranics Engineering COURSE LEVEL: YEAR FOUR SEMESTER | 2019/20 COURSE UNIT: TEEF4103. Power System Management Test 1 Date: October 2019, Duration: Ahr 1. Attempt all questions 2. Show the Working with clear circuit and phase diagrams. Question 1 (20 marks) (a) What are the requirements thal have to be satisfied before connecting an alternator to another generator. (2 Marks) (b) Explain with the aid of a phasor diagram the effect of additional reactive Power to generator speed. (3 Marks) (c) Explain five merits of power stations Interconnection? (5 Marks) (d) A 200-kW, 0.8 lagging power factor load currently draws power from a 400-V, GO-Hz infinite bus. A 400-V, S-connected generator with synchronous reactance of 1.0 9 is to be connected in parallel with an infinite bus to take over the load. Copper losses are negligible. @) Calculate is the current drawn from the infinite bus before the generator is paralleled? . (1 Marks) b) Immediately after the generator is connected to the bus: . What is the current drawn from the infinite ous? (1 Marks) ii. What is the current drawn from the generator? (1 Marks) ill, What Is the active (MW) and reactive (kVar) power of the infinite bus? (1 Marks) iv. Draw the Infinite bus alongside the generator curves; and the phasor diagram of the generator at this time. (1 Marks) c) The governor on the prime mover is gradually adjusted to transfer real power from the generator. At the point where the generator is delivering 50% of the real power requirements of the load; Page 1 of 2\. What is the current drawn by the generator? (2 Marks) li, What Is the current drawn by the load from bot! and the generator? ‘h the infinite bus (1 Marks) ill, What Is the reactlve (kVar) power of the generator? Comment of the value kVar obtained (1 Marks) / \v. Draw the infinite bus and generator curves (1 Marks) Question 2 (20 Marks) . Bus 1 Bus 2 Tenmemleston tino P= 900 MW Figure 1 A simple 2-bus system in Figure 1 consists of 3 thermal plants and a load. The buses are connected by 4 single transmission line. The fuel-cost function for the three thermal plants in USS/h are given by; C, = 500 + SP, + 0.004P,” Cz = 400 + 5.57: + 0.006P,” Cy = 200 + GP + 0.009P:” Where P,, Po and Ps are in Mw. The total load Po is 900MW. a) Ifthe three thermal power plants: share the load equally, determine the total cost In us$/h. (3 Marks) b) Neglecting line losses, line and generator limits, find the optimal dispatch of the thermal plants to meet the g900MW demand. (4 Marks) c) Find the optimal dispatch of the thermal power plants with the following generator limits using LaGranglan Analytical method. (7 Marks) oe P, £350 MW 100 Pi", P, = 273.5MW, and P, = 154.5MW Since », > PM, set it to the »7"* = 350, This implies that it might be the cheapest generator. This can be confirmed by computing the values of A using P, = 44 using p, = 350MW, P, = 273MW,and P, = 154.5MW since all are within the limits (but not actually optimal). ar Implying that (from (5)); 4, = Pr + 2y; + By + Ay = USS7.8/MW, 2g = USSB.782/MW and Ay = USS8.781/MW Since A, is the lowest as assumed, generator one Is the cheapest and It Is now optimal. Next, optimize, P,&P; Formulate another Problem for P:&P, ° Min, + Cy Subject to: Subject to P, +P, = 900 — 350 = 550 , 100 < P; < S50 MW O PRIX = 6SOMW Now that P, + P,, exceed the line limit, the excess must be generated by G3 to avoid violating the line limits. To satisfy the generators and limits, prem = (Py + Pa ~ PHIET) + PSM < PM = 250MW < Ppt = SOOMW pyew = (697-1 — 650 + 2034 Hence the optimal generation is; Ps = 350MW, Pfc” = 300MW and PS” = 250MWV 2a)From (b), Py = A7ZAMW, Po = 273.261, Pa = 154.4MW! and A= USS8.779/MV ¢,(472.4) = $00 + S(472.4) + 0,004 (472.42) = US$3754.6/h 73.2) = 400 + 5.5(273.2) + 0,006 (273.22) = USS2350.4/h (2 54.4) = 200 + 6(154.4) + 0.009(154.4) = USS1341/h Gt uss7446/h 2 Cr From (c), the optimal generation values are P, = 350M, Po = 347.1MW, and Ps = 203.6MW, ¢,(350) = 500 + 5(350) + 0,004(3502) = USS2740/h 106 (347.12) = US$3031.9/h €,(347.1) = 400 + 5.5(347.1) + 0.01 (203.62) = US$1794.7/h ¢,(203.6) = 200 + 6(203.6) + 0,009 Cy = USS7S66.6/h From (e), the optimal generation values are Page 12 of 13P, = 3S0MW, P3'®” = 300MI and Pre” = 250M C,(350) = 500 + 5(350) + 0,004 (350%) = Uss2740/h €,(300) = 400 + 5.5(300) + 0.006(300") = Uss2590/h C,(250) = 200 + 6(250) + 0,009(250%) = US$2810/h + Cy = US$2262.5/h It can be observed from the calculated costs of the thermal power plant that the optimized costs In (b), (c) and (e) are lower than unoptimized cost in (a) where the generators just share the load equally. Moreover, It is observed that, the more the number of system limits are considered, the more efficient the power system operates, hence the less ‘the total generation costs to serve a given load. END Page 13 of 13