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We don’t have to sacrifice your standard of living, only reduce our consumption.”. Now, in the final
audiobook in this monumental trilogy, he reveals how successful nations recover from crisis through
selective change - a coping mechanism more commonly associated with personal trauma. Writing
then began to spread from these regions to others via trade, conquest and religion. There are four
primary reasons Europeans rose to power and conquered the natives of North and South America,
and not the other way around. This positive feedback loop is what Diamond refers to as an
autocatalytic process. She also sits on the editorial board of an online journal Noema. In other words,
only a few places in history got to have a head start on the autocatalytic treadmill. People with
favorable locations for food production and access to technology replaced those with less favorable
environments. Diamond also dissects racial theories of global history, and the resulting work—
Guns, Germs and Steel —is a major contribution to our understanding the evolution of human
societies. But one-third of the credit that you give me I do deserve. Significantly reduces my
enjoyment of this incredible book. And it is closely related to the rise and spread of food production
as well. Rather, he looks with a cool academic detachment at the benefits and the ills of the world's
tucked-away peoples, and offers from their menu of behaviours a small sample that he suspects
might do us good. However, if a person has survived previous exposure, they typically have some
level of immunity to the disease. Most Americans are dissatisfied with our national health system,
and most Americans are increasingly dissatisfied with our educational system. Accomplished author
Bruce Pascoe provides compelling evidence from the diaries of early explorers that suggests that
systems of food production and land management have been understated in modern retellings of
Aboriginal history, and that a new look at Australia's past is required. But in New Guinea and in
other traditional societies, responsibility for kids is diffused over the other adults and the older
siblings in the village. North China, South China, the coast, and the interior contributed different
crops, livestock, technologies, and cultural features to the eventually unified China. Susan Wise
Bauer provides both sweeping scope and vivid attention to the individual lives that give flesh to
abstract assertions about human history. I wish I could recommend this book to all since it should be
standard reading(listening). Finally, agriculture in Eurasia spread along the lines of latitude, making
trade and interconnection quicker. The improved agricultural aspects led to larger populations and
larger armies in Europe and Asia. We are already seeing, as Zeihan predicts, a shift in outlook on the
Middle East: it is no longer Iran that is the region’s most dangerous threat, but Saudi Arabia. The
fragmentation of Europe was a key in enabling Columbus to cross the Atlantic. The Anna Karenina
Principle: In many areas of life, success is not about doing one thing correctly, but about avoiding
many possible modes of failure. Yet the virtues so abundant in Diamond’s previous “The Third
Chimpanzee,” “Guns, Germs and Steel” and “Collapse” are again on display, and within a few pages
they stifle any doubt about whether “Upheaval” is worth one’s time. We need to care for others as
we attempt to build a world together. Great discussion of science in the last half of the epilogue.
Indeed, large long term differences only occur because short term differences are repeated over and
over again. In Africa and the Americas, the spread of agriculture along longitudinal lines is more
difficult.
For Jared Diamond, the differences in the agricultural complex that had arisen in the Middle East
explained everything. Now, in the final audiobook in this monumental trilogy, he reveals how
successful nations recover from crisis through selective change - a coping mechanism more
commonly associated with personal trauma. Thus, it was more likely that dark-colored moths would
survive than light-colored moths. His prizes and honors include the U.S. National Medal of Science,
the Pulitzer Prize for Non-fiction, the Tyler Prize for Environmental Science, and election to the U.S.
National Academy of Sciences. That included eliminating it in Ethiopia and Somalia. We are already
seeing, as Zeihan predicts, a shift in outlook on the Middle East: it is no longer Iran that is the
region’s most dangerous threat, but Saudi Arabia. Significantly reduces my enjoyment of this
incredible book. In particular, I was happy to learn that a Big Mac contains as much salt as a rain
forest Yanomamo Indian eats in a month, and that people from Akita in northern Japan love piling so
much of the white crystals onto their plates that in one meal they eat more than the same Yanomamo
ingests in three months. Many founder crops, for instance, as Diamond notes, while quick to reach
Egypt, struggled to cross the north-south axis and the tropics that laid in between Ethiopia and
South Africa. The higher the population, the more culture seems to spawn and spread. But if we say
that our problems are caused by other countries, that implies that it’s not up to us to solve our
problems. We’re not causing them. This, in turn, led to the spread of more agricultural societies across
the globe. As technology advances faster than our understanding of it, hacking becomes a tactic of
war, and the world feels more polarized than ever, Harari addresses the challenge of navigating life
in the face of constant and disorienting change and raises the important questions we need to ask
ourselves in order to survive. Smallpox, influenza, malaria, measles, tuberculosis, and the likes,
Diamond reminds, all evolved from animal-borne diseases. “They have been decisive shapers of
history.” Research estimates, for instance, that the Black Death killed at least 25 million Europeans
during 1347 and 1352 AD, or around forty percent of their population at the time. Reason 4:
continental differences in total population size. Well, I think I am not being altogether glib by
summarizing them as follows: Treat your granny better, stop being so belligerent, chide your
offspring intelligently, eat less salt, try not to get bitten by a monkey and cling tightly to any trees
that you climb. While wild goats, sheep, pigs, and cows were found in the Fertile Crescent and were
swiftly domesticated, none of them roamed the harsh lands of North America, Australia or sub-
Saharan Africa. Really, each book is what I was most interested in and felt most at hand when I
finished my previous book. This summary also includes key lessons and important passages from the
book. Inside every large society or organization are self-interested individuals and groups who vye
for power, authority, and monopoly. Download the app today and get a 30-day free trial
subscription. He was turned down by four different kingdoms before finally convincing the king and
queen of Spain to fund his trip. We have to solve climate change because if we don’t solve climate
change but we deal with a nuclear holocaust, we’re finished. While tackling these questions,
Malcolm Gladwell was not solely writing a book for the page. In Upheaval: How Nations Cope with
Crisis and Change, he draws his source material from his personal experience of six countries — the
US, Germany, Finland, Chile, Japan, Indonesia and Australia. There is something spent within the
reader while absorbing each giant statistic about China. In the box below, describe how
environmental, geographic, or other external factors affected the way this event unfolded. Culture is
heavily dependent on population density. Diamond’s amazing breadth of knowledge, intellectual
ambition, unbounded curiosity and relaxed, engaging style more than make up for the weaknesses in
the theory. A fascinating example of evolution on a small scale.
This book seeks to answer the question, “Why did the rate of progress differ so much for cultures on
different continents?” Around 11,000 years ago all human societies were hunter gatherers. Perhaps
in anger at the gods, perhaps in revolt against their chiefs, the survivors toppled every one of the
statues. Second, because of this early start, these people eventually domesticated more difficult
plants. With millions of copies in print around the globe, it has attained the status of a vital and
enduring classic. All rights reserved. 351 King Street East, Suite 1600, Toronto, ON Canada, M5A
0N1 Andrew Saunders, President and CEO. China's relative isolation is especially relevant to its
adoption and then rejection of technologies, so reminiscent of the rejections on Tasmania and other
islands. View all shorts More Lifestyle Lifestyle Trainer hails Sonu Nigam's commitment to building
strength, endurance; know how to improve yours Lifestyle Does leaving gluten help prevent gas and
bloating. The most common explanation of the different trajectories experienced by Europe
compared to Africa, Asia, Oceania, etc. In his view, “history followed different courses for different
peoples because of differences among peoples’ environments”. Well, I understand psychic costs and
I understand getting my head around it because I was born and grew up in Boston. But if we say
that our problems are caused by other countries, that implies that it’s not up to us to solve our
problems. We’re not causing them. Boy, was it difficult to eliminate smallpox in Somalia, but it was
eliminated. And if we deal with the nuclear problem and climate change and sustainable use, but we
maintain or increase inequality around the world, we’re finished. Dang ky Dang nh?p Sach DI?M
DANH NH?NG CU?N SACH N?I TI?NG C?A JARED DIAMOND Co ai cung dang hong cu?n
sach m?i c?a Jared Diamond khong. The examples are the most convincing support for his ideas, and
the most entertaining to read. In particular, I was happy to learn that a Big Mac contains as much
salt as a rain forest Yanomamo Indian eats in a month, and that people from Akita in northern Japan
love piling so much of the white crystals onto their plates that in one meal they eat more than the
same Yanomamo ingests in three months. They had used the wood to build canoes, to haul and raise
the famous statues, and they simply burned wood for fuel. But Diamond’s approach is intuitive, and
he says that the book is the “first step towards a formal study”, which would move forward from
narrative to quantitative analysis. In our guide, we’ll see how Diamond draws the link between food
production and these advantages, we’ll fact-check his ideas, and we’ll consider how Diamond’s view
has been received by other experts. I see it as the fact of how history turned out, and that’s what
Guns, Germs and Steel is about. The Horse, the Wheel, and Language solves a puzzle that has vexed
scholars for two centuries and recovers a magnificent and influential civilization from the past.
Where Bryson can spin a story out of a proton, Diamond gets mired in a repetitive catalogue of
insights applied meticulously yet tediously to every possible place, time and civilisation. But in 2005
Jared Diamond debuts another book, Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed. For
example, it takes 10,000 pounds of corn to create a 1,000 pound bull. A key question naturally arises:
what factors account for the differences that unfurled during this long-arm of history. A longer life
increases the surface area you have to test ideas and allows you to take on longer projects that you
might otherwise avoid with limited time. But one might want to peer further back to understand the
preconditions that allowed these factors to flourish in the first place. While the gulf that divides us
from our primitive ancestors may seem unbridgeably wide, we can glimpse much of our former
lifestyle in those largely traditional societies still or recently in existence. Even people we often
associate with acts of genius like the Wright Brothers and Thomas Edison actually built upon the
work of predecessors and had capable people who followed them and advanced ideas. Before Caixin,
she was the Managing Editor of the Chinese Wall Street Journal and Chinese Dow Jones newswire.
Great historians are limited to natural experiments, a paltry of evidence, the comparative method,
and their humility. By submitting your email, you agree to our Terms and Privacy Policy and to
receive email correspondence from us. These comparisons suggest that geographic connectedness has
exerted both positive and negative effects on the evolution of technology. The Incas built a great
civilization without writing. Thus, it was more likely that dark-colored moths would survive than
light-colored moths. While wild goats, sheep, pigs, and cows were found in the Fertile Crescent and
were swiftly domesticated, none of them roamed the harsh lands of North America, Australia or sub-
Saharan Africa. This includes Mesopotamia some five thousand years ago, Mesoamerica some three
thousand years ago, and possibly in Egypt and China as well—presumably to support their
burgeoning bureaucracies and administrations, and because they had the necessary surpluses to feed
their scribes. Why did history take such different evolutionary courses for peoples of different
continents. When Chevron was managing its oil field in Papua New Guinea in a utterly rigorous way,
better than any national park I’ve ever been in, that certainly did not make the front page because it
wasn’t a good picture. When other societies falter, that was a choice to fail. “Taken together, the two
books struck Frederick K. Indeed, large long term differences only occur because short term
differences are repeated over and over again. In the box below, describe how environmental,
geographic, or other external factors affected the way this event unfolded. He brings together so
many disciplines to show macro trends, chaos theory, the power of germs in fashioning human
history. But China's connectedness eventually became a disadvantage, because a decision by one
despot could and repeatedly did halt innovation. For what true life purpose is our ritual rush of
caffeine and muffins and crowded trains, when it might otherwise be the creation of a morning
painting, the making of a piece of art that transforms for a brief while a small corner of the world
into a better and a better-looking place. For example, according to Diamond, archaeologists estimate
that the population of the Americas declined by as much as 95% in the years following Columbus’s
arrival—much of this was due to the spread of diseases such as smallpox. There have been studies of
the environmental collapse of Cahokia, outside St. Louis. Cahokia was the most populous Native
American society in North America. When Austronesians invaded the region, Indonesians fell under
their control, but New Guineas (with their food, germ resistance, and technologies) were able to
resist. He proceeds from what is known of the necessarily austere survivalism of the first organized
states of the Fertile Crescent, and carries his analyses right down to the consumerist, sharp-elbowed,
unkind, cancer-suffering, diabetic and gun-toting nastinesses that afflict so many of the supposedly
advanced and civilized among us today. Environmental damage, climate change, globalization, rapid
population growth, and unwise political choices were all factors in the demise of societies around the
world, but some found solutions and persisted. He has a scientific mind and a scientific compulsion
for being comprehensive. With wit and a wealth of fascinating examples, he explains how our
sexuality has been as crucial as our large brains and upright posture in our rise to human status. Yet
for nearly all of its six million years of existence, human society had none of these things. The
environment of ancient Polynesian society heavily dictated the lifestyle and behaviors. The nutrient
transfer is much less than 100 percent and typically around 10 percent. Yet for nearly all of its six
million years of existence, human society had none of these things. A soothing voice but dry in the
reading, often coming across as methodical and like a recitation of facts. Most people believe that
plant and animal domestication allowed humans, finally, to settle down and form agricultural
villages, towns, and states, which made possible civilization, law, public order, and a presumably
secure way of living. Advertisement It may seem obvious to tell a leader of a country he should look
at a situation honestly. This book is highly recommended if you want to know why Eurasia came to
dominate the world and to understand early civilisations destinies from their geography and biology.
Their oral tradition preserves stories of killing every pig on the island. And so what leaves should we
WEIRD ones take from the jungle playbooks. She writes opinions, op-eds and short essays for
journals such as Washington Post, Caixin Global and Noema. So many countries have overlapping
coastal economic zones. His starting point is the checklist that crisis therapists recommend to
individual patients: “Acknowledgement that one is in crisis, acceptance of one’s personal
responsibility to do something, deploying individual core values,” and so on. Just don't open it
without knowing what you're getting in to. However, if a person has survived previous exposure,
they typically have some level of immunity to the disease. Most people believe that plant and animal
domestication allowed humans, finally, to settle down and form agricultural villages, towns, and
states, which made possible civilization, law, public order, and a presumably secure way of living.
This is a quixotic undertaking, and the idea remains a stretch as the author applies it to a set of case
studies. These societies in turn were the first, Diamond notes, to experience the devastations of
diseases that spread like wildfire. The theme of “ Upheaval: Turning Points for Nations in Crisis ” is
that insights from crisis therapy for individuals can also be applied to nations under stress. Rather, it
was all about agriculture, a geographical accident. But archaeological and historical evidence
challenges this narrative. He has published more than 600 articles and his book, Guns, Germs, and
Steel, was awarded the Pulitzer Prize. Covering American history from the founding of Jamestown
through the present day, these volumes explore far beyond the dates and events of a historical
chronicle to present a moving illumination of the ideas, opinions, attitudes and tribulations that led to
the birth of this great nation. But as Charles C. Mann now makes clear, archaeologists and
anthropologists have spent the last 30 years proving these and many other long-held assumptions
wrong. Fresh water around the world is being managed unsustainably. While the gulf that divides us
from our primitive ancestors may seem unbridgeably wide, we can glimpse much of our former
lifestyle in those largely traditional societies still or recently in existence. In particular, I was happy
to learn that a Big Mac contains as much salt as a rain forest Yanomamo Indian eats in a month, and
that people from Akita in northern Japan love piling so much of the white crystals onto their plates
that in one meal they eat more than the same Yanomamo ingests in three months. So the viability and
stability of any empire depends on its institutional ability to maintain accountability, resolve
conflicts, and uphold the rule of law in the interests of its populace. The population loss was
approximately 10% of the total world population at the time. As with his five-point framework,
Diamond's four categories of failure cover all the bases and leave us without new insight. After some
initial victories, which Diamond lavishly describes, thousands of natives joined the tiny European
garrisons. Writing systems are historically seen as the deciding factor on whether an ancients
civilization is considered advanced or not. Once the trees were gone, Easter Islanders couldn't build
canoes for fishing, and the best soils for farming eroded away. Extrapolated to nations, these
actionable bullet points become: “National consensus that one’s nation is in crisis, acceptance of
national responsibility, national core values,” and so on. Hearing about these predictors, I came to
realize that, for heaven’s sake, they can apply for national crises as well. This book isn't that good,
but the apparent simplicity of the book's premise only appears simple. Advertisement What inspired
the approach in this book, the unique way in which you analyze nations in crisis. Depending on
location, islanders differed in their connectedness to other peoples and in the plants and animals
available to them to domesticate.

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