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It strives to answer the question of why some people conquered (like the Europeans) and others were
conquered (like the Native Americans). His explanation for the development of the state is in fact
quite close to that of the tradition of historical materialism. Among these include Yali’s people
(Australia and New Guinea), China, Polynesia, Eurasia and America, Africa, and Japan. What
Diamond really should have made clear at that point in the book is that the coercive power of the
state is still necessary to support the capitalist class, even though the mechanism of exploitation is
now largely economic (surplus value), rather than political (rent, tribute, taxation). Plants or seeds
taken from the more temperate areas would not grow in the tropical zones or the frigid areas, which
prevented people in different locales from exchanging ideas, crops, and innovations, thus decreasing
their chances for rapid advancement. Nor did the wheel, also independently developed by the Aztecs,
get to the Andes, where it could have been harnessed to llamas to pull carts. Western Europe also
benefited from a more temperate climate than Southwestern Asia where intense agriculture
ultimately damaged the environment, encouraged, and hurt. First, he shows that agricultural societies
developed immunities to deadly diseases like smallpox. America and Europe Integrative Model -
Pre-Columbian N. Their populations, food production, and technologies grew at faster and faster
rates. By and large, Diamond argues, it is easier for ideas, goods, and foods to spread from east to
west than it is for them to spread north and south—this is because the Earth spins east-west, meaning
that areas with the same latitude share a similar climate and environment. The history of language
acts as a case study for the history of technology in general. Additionally, agricultural societies were
denser than hunter-gatherer societies, increasing the velocity with which people exchanged ideas.
The phenomenal bestsellerover 15 million copies soldis now a major PBS special. Text extracted
from Guns Germs and Steel By Jared Diamond, 1997. In the last 10000 years its become
increasingly difficult to be a hunter. It was produced by National Geographic and has pretty good
reviews as well. Wild plants became crops through genetic modifications. This material is available
only on Freebooksummary. Another important development in the history of agricultural societies
was the invention of written language. Professional historians still disagree about the answer. Once
agriculture had arisen around the world, it spread or diffused to neighboring regions. STAY
CONNECTED Join our mailing list to receive regular updates. Interactive exercises: apply the book's
ideas to your own life with our educators' guidance. Due to environmental qualities like soil fertility,
availability of domesticable animals, and availability of edible crops, however, it took a longer time
for agriculture to supplant hunter-gatherer culture in most other regions. One major difference in the
way that Diamond presents the world's history is that he centers so whole heartedly on environment,
ecology and location as a dominant factor that he tends to forget about other contributors to societal
development. In other words, Diamond firmly wishes to discredit racism, as he states that the
world’s civilizations developed at their respective speeds not because of the inherent inferiority or
superiority of the peoples, but through sheer luck alone - the animals found there when the humans
colonized, the weather, the geography, the agriculture, etc. To provide a background for, as well as
an argument to support, his own explanation, Diamond then briefly sketches millions of years of
human evolution. But as I mentioned, they were simply boring, and unnecessary as factors
strengthening his thesis. I found myself equally split between nodding along and reaching for my pen
to jot down a new idea GGS inspired.
And maize took thousands of years to develop as a crop because it is radically different from
teosinte, its wild ancestor, in several ways. This question, in the past, has often been answered in
terms of genetics, a belief that Diamond sets out to disprove. It is a known fact that agricultural
communities were more advanced than simple hunter-gathering societies, which is another reason for
their complex development. While it’s again difficult to explain why certain inventors develop
certain inventions, the structure of agricultural societies favored the invention of new technologies. It
was named one of TIME’s best non-fiction books of all time, awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1998, and
turned into a PBS documentary released in 2005. Like Comment Ronald Kral 33 reviews 1 follower
July 1, 2014 Fascinating book on how little things can dramatically affect the course of history.
Miller 2,491 books 149 followers This is the 'editor' of many books based upon Wikipedia articles.
Guns in the 17 th and 18 th centuries Matt Mahfood. One major difference in the way that Diamond
presents the world's history is that he centers so whole heartedly on environment, ecology and
location as a dominant factor that he tends to forget about other contributors to societal
development. To provide a background for, as well as an argument to support, his own explanation,
Diamond then briefly sketches millions of years of human evolution. When it comes to the third
point, Diamond describes a few examples of societies when it comes to population, from bands to
tribes to chiefdoms to states. When the megafauna were driven to extinction in America, that left the
Native Americans with few cattle to work with, causing many of them to live a nomadic lifestyle. In
the case of the Americas, the narrowness of the isthmus of Panama and its hostile climate was an
additional topographical-climactic factor discouraging the diffusion of culture. Gavin Kersellius,
Scott Craig, Matt Mahfood, Omer Sharf. In 1998 it won a Pulitzer Prize and the Aventis Prize for
Best Science Book. Chapter 2 Summary. In 1820 a Cherokee man named Sequoyah saw white
people using writing and. After telling us that this happened first in the fertile crescent, Diamond
doesn’t really tell us why it’s one of the poorer areas in the region. The core of Diamond's
explanation is that Europeans were essentially lucky in two respects. Contrast this with the minimal
topographical fragmentation of China (combined with its relative isolation from other Eurasian
civilizations), and the much greater isolation of different regions of the Americas, the former
promoting early growth followed by stagnation, the latter inhibiting communication, and innovation.
The reason for the victory of the Spaniards over the numerous Native Americans involved
technology and disease - many members of the Inca Empire died from the diseases brought by the
Europeans, and the Europeans had guns, while the Incas had only melee weapons like spears. The
Spanish soldiers, utilizing the absolution, slew most of the 40,000 Indian troops presented, as well as
mutilating the corpses and leaving many terribly wounded but alive. Diamond acknowledges, though,
that there are some obvious issues with the claim that history could become a science, since humans
are far from rational - it is highly unlikely that humans will follow predictions exactly as planned, or
will follow a certain pattern of behavior. Therefore, there is a strong connection between agriculture
and our evolution. The violent history of America contributes greatly in the crimes presented in our
society. This made it so that “Intelligent people are likelier than less intelligent ones to escape those
causes of high mortality,” while in Europe the epidemics “had little to do with intelligence, and
instead involved genetic resistance dependent on details of body chemistry” (20-21). Diamond backs
his argument by stating that “Almost all studies of child development emphasize the role of
childhood stimulation and activity in promoting mental development, and stress the irreversible
mental stunting associated with reduced childhood stimulation” (21). Elephants can be tamed but
were never domesticated. His book and subsequent documentary film have served to open many
people’s eyes to a richer and more balanced interpretation of the past. Just the epilogue of the ebook
seems to cover the subject matter well enough. Unsur criminal yang diambil dan sedikit bumbu
pertarungan logika khas detektif membuat novel ini begitu menegangkan dan membuat pembaca ikut
merasakan keseruan yang dipaparkan dalam ceritanya.
Because not all these communities grew so successful, there must have been something else
projecting them so up high. Chromatography-Gas chromatography-Principle Chromatography-Gas
chromatography-Principle Intuition behind Monte Carlo Markov Chains Intuition behind Monte
Carlo Markov Chains Time-Honored Wisdom: African Teachings for VUCA Leaders Time-Honored
Wisdom: African Teachings for VUCA Leaders catch-up-friday-ARALING PNLIPUNAN SOCIAL
JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS catch-up-friday-ARALING PNLIPUNAN SOCIAL JUSTICE
AND HUMAN RIGHTS 50 D. Every time there is a discussion regarding history or culture, I think
back to this book and wish everyone were required to read it. If you would like to replace it with a
different purchasing option please remove the current eBook option from your cart. Like Comment
Jim Reinknecht 96 reviews Read July 27, 2015 a fabulous piece of journalism, a wonderful
exploration into why white Europeans and their descendants have so much and the native peoples
they displaced have so little. The dockyards were closed, and there were no nearby rivals to the
Chinese Empire to expose the folly of this abandonment of new technology. This combo of military
power, disease and technology continues throughout history to be the European “strategy” to keep
being the big dog of the world. How did certain wild plants get turned into crops. And maize took
thousands of years to develop as a crop because it is radically different from teosinte, its wild
ancestor, in several ways. Because of all the islands around Australia and New Guinea the colonist
would travel to a new island and would adapt and populate the island. Rulers had to compete with
one another for power and military might and were prevented from clamping down on their people
and innovations as much as they may have liked. By the 15th century A.D., enormous differences
had arisen between civilizations. In other words, Diamond firmly wishes to discredit racism, as he
states that the world’s civilizations developed at their respective speeds not because of the inherent
inferiority or superiority of the peoples, but through sheer luck alone - the animals found there when
the humans colonized, the weather, the geography, the agriculture, etc. When Diamond reaches the
last 13,000 years, he slows down to focus on specific societies and historical events. Of course, he is
not a conscious socialist, or if he is, he is keeping very quiet about it. By the title I thought it was
going to be about the Civil War. The model followed at Cajamarca would be followed for most of
America, as the Europeans would use their superior technology to destroy the Native Americans and
their culture. People are not born superior to another group, Diamond contends. Humans used their
domesticated animals to assist with agricultural work, while also learning how to domesticate certain
wild crops, breeding most of the world’s familiar modern crops. The germs were devastating to the
Indigenous people of the Americas and Polynesia, many of whom died without the Europeans even
lifting a gun. Francisco Pizarro defeated Atahualpa because he had guns, germs and steel, and the
Incans didn’t. Because of this, Eurasia was able to develop more crops and have them spread around
the continent through trade, as well as the spread of domesticated animals, culture and more
importantly, technology. However, if a person has survived previous exposure, they typically have
some level of immunity to the disease. DIRECTIONS Write the events that caused Europeans to
develop Guns, germs, and steel on the left. Community ? Groups Quotes Ask the Author People
Sign in Join Jump to ratings and reviews Want to read Buy on Amazon Rate this book Guns, Germs,
and Steel Frederic P. Of course a geographer would conclude that geography influences human
societies the most. Why did the people of New Guinea not advance technologically. On a sheet of
greaseproof paper season the fish with sea salt bl. It turns out that the domesticable large Eurasian
species have a follow-the-leader herd structure based on a dominance hierarchy. So, why have
different groups from various territories skyrocketed in their advancements, while others stagnate
even today.
These early peoples also learned how to domesticate wild animals, breeding familiar modern animals
like dogs, cows, and horses. Menikmati kesendirian, suka tenggelam kalo lagi baca buku XD suka
merenung di kegelapan:v. This food production was achieved through the invention of agriculture,
which gave rise to the strategic advantages listed above and which we’ll detail in the following
sections. It’s not super technical, but there are places where you have to be careful to follow along.
Eurasia, by contrast, has cows, pigs, donkeys, sheep, goats, camels and horses, which between them
can be used for transport, farming, milk, cheese, hides, meat, war and so on. Give us your email
address and we’ll send this sample there. Sebenarnya daripada disebut novel buku ini lebih cocok
jika disebut sebagai kumpu. Buku ini berisi 13 cerita asli karangan Edgar Allan Poe yang telah
diterjemahkan dan dicetak ulang oleh penerbit Noura Books. Consider the role of geography in the
formation of multiple states in Europe as opposed to one centralized state in China. Why did the
people of New Guinea not advance technologically. Western Europe also benefited from a more
temperate climate than Southwestern Asia where intense agriculture ultimately damaged the
environment, encouraged, and hurt. Societies that domesticated plants and animals made more
significant cultural, civic, and technological advances sooner than peoples who lived in less
hospitable environments. If you would like to replace it with a different purchasing option please
remove the current eBook option from your cart. Cover art: Sir John Everett Millais, Pizarro seizing
the Inca of Peru, 1845. For Marxists, history is not something dead and buried, an ossified collection
of facts and interpretations established for all time, but a living treasure trove of lessons for the
present and the future. Gourds, such as those grown in North America, were used as containers,
which made life even easier for farming societies. These differences led Eurasians—people living in
Asia, Europe, and North Africa, by Diamond’s account—to historically have strategic advantages
over non-Eurasians. Links the binding factors from hunter-gatherer stage to food production.
Diamond also argues that over large enough geographical areas, and given long enough time,
societies that tend to maximize the use of their environment will prosper at the expense of societies
that do not. But again, he isn’t saying they’re innately smarter than Americans, for that would be a
contradiction of his previous principles, for their environment plays a large role in the matter. Human
timeline. Human evolution 1 million years Homo sapiens 120,000 years ago Paleolithic Old stone age
Agricultural revolution 10,000 years ago Neolithic New stone age. The earliest places that did adopt
food productions were: Iraq, Mexico, and the Andes. The 18 th century had more of an advance due
to the industrial revolution. Professional historians still disagree about the answer. Community
Reviews 4.10 544 ratings 28 reviews 5 stars 204 (37%) 4 stars 224 (41%) 3 stars 88 (16%) 2 stars 22
(4%) 1 star 6 (1%) Search review text Filters Displaying 1 - 28 of 28 reviews Marshall 170 reviews
20 followers May 16, 2015 I didn’t finish the book:( it’s an interesting book that tries to address
fundamental questions of global power and inequality. History of Psychological Testing and
Assessment. 2200 B.C.E. Proficiency Testing started in China 1115 B.C.E. Francisco Pizarro
defeated Atahualpa because he had guns, germs and steel, and the Incans didn’t. Gavin Kersellius,
Scott Craig, Matt Mahfood, Omer Sharf. Web In Guns Germs and Steel Jared Diamond sets out to
explain why people from Eurasia and not people from other continents conquered much of the rest
of the. Cons: 1) Too much focus on Australian Aborigines and New Guinea.
We’ll occasionally send you promo and account related email. Why did the geographical advantages
of the early Middle East (better crops, more animals that could be domesticated) also lead to
technological advantages. On the other hand, the island the Moriori lived on was much larger, and
was suitable for agriculture. There has, in the last couple of decades, been a flurry of books making
this argument in all sorts of ways; Ian Morris’s Why the West Rules—For Now is excellent (until it
gets into weird transhumanist speculation at the end), Tim Marshall’s Prisoners of Geography applies
the same kind of logic to contemporary politics, and so on. As I mentioned, Charlie Munger has
recommended this book, however it is non-fiction, so it gets a 8 for famousness. Diamond effectively
counters this stance by stating that in order for the likelihood of such events to not be repeated, a
thorough understanding should be reached. America and Europe Integrative Model - Pre-Columbian
N. People are not born superior to another group, Diamond contends. Why did Southern Europe
develop faster than native America, to such an extent that a boatload of Spaniards could defeat an
entire civilisation when the two finally met. I’m looking forward to seeing the rest of these videos, I
had never seen them before or read the book but have heard of Jared Diamond and this book and
this is a really interesting topic to think about. Europe is divided by many natural barriers like
mountain ranges, bodies of water, and historically by forests that prevented a ruler from easily
uniting it. Like Comment Pam Page 7 reviews Read April 27, 2018 enjoyed Like Comment
Displaying 1 - 28 of 28 reviews Join the discussion Add a quote Start a discussion Ask a question
Can't find what you're looking for. Furthermore, the Spaniards convinced the peoples incorporated
under the Incas to revolt against their masters, which also bolstered their victory. By clicking “Check
Writers’ Offers”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy. For these and other reasons,
the invaders quickly subdued the Native Americans despite their having been established on the
continent for millennia. Their populations, food production, and technologies grew at faster and
faster rates. Francisco Pizarro, an explorer, wanted to take over the Incan Empire, but he knew he
was completely outnumbered, so after torturing some Native Americans for information, he sent an
envoy to the Incan Emperor, Atahuallpa, promising him he would do him no harm, for Pizarro just
wants an audience. What Diamond really should have made clear at that point in the book is that the
coercive power of the state is still necessary to support the capitalist class, even though the
mechanism of exploitation is now largely economic (surplus value), rather than political (rent, tribute,
taxation). This material is available only on Freebooksummary. It was produced by National
Geographic and has pretty good reviews as well. After the Ice Age. Human societies began to
change 13,000 years ago when the last ice age melted. We also participate in other affiliate programs,
such as Blinkist, MindValley, Audible, Audiobooks, Reading.FM, and others. Our referral links
allow us to earn commissions (at no extra cost to you) and keep the site running. READ FULL
SUMMARY OF GUNS, GERMS, AND STEEL Here's a preview of the rest of Shortform's Guns,
Germs, and Steel summary: Guns, Germs, and Steel Summary It Started With Adequate Food
Production Diamond argues that the development of advanced civilizations depended first on the
development of varied, abundant, and dependable food sources. Buku ini berisi 13 cerita asli
karangan Edgar Allan Poe yang telah diterjemahkan dan dicetak ulang oleh penerbit Noura Books.
Animals, besides providing food and labor, also gave Eurasians wool and leather—protection from
the cold. At least this is the explanation offered by Jared Diamond’s Guns, Germs, and Steel. History
of Psychological Testing and Assessment. 2200 B.C.E. Proficiency Testing started in China 1115
B.C.E. What then inevitably follows is the development of specialized labor groups as well as the
establishment of hierarchies in ruling parties. So, why have different groups from various territories
skyrocketed in their advancements, while others stagnate even today. His explanation for the
development of the state is in fact quite close to that of the tradition of historical materialism.