Al-Assaf NOTES (PART 2), 25 November 2021

1. Discoloration that occur due to irrigation by Parachloroaniline (PCA) is

• RED discoloration.

•
• PCA has been shown to be toxic in humans with short-term exposure, resulting in cyanosis, which is
a manifestation of methemoglobin formation.
• Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp.

2. Which tissue should be protected during radiotherapy?

• Salivary glands

•
• LITTLE AND FALACE’S, DENTAL MANAGEMENT of the Medically Compromised Patient.
3. In implant supported denture, what type of abutment/attachment is used?
• Ball/O-ring abutment:
• ERA attachments: With a bar substructure, various clips or other types of retentive components (ERA
for example) can be used to provide retention.

•
• Textbook of Complete Dentures.

NOTES By: Moath Al-assaf Twitter: @mo3ath44

 Al-Assaf NOTES (PART 2), 25 November 2021

4. What is the name of coupling agent in composite (Incorrectly answered in the file)?
• 3- Methacryloxypropyl-trimethoxy Silane.

•
• Sturdevant’s Art and Science of Operative Dentistry, 5e.
5. 6 years old patient with down syndrome, has caries and uncooperative, which fluoride should be avoided?
• Fluoridated mouth rinse is the most likely answer to avoid toxicity, (Did not find a reference).
6. Most common stage for dental anomaly:
• Initiation stage (because it is the stage in which hypodontia occur.

• Most common missing teeth are second premolars and lateral incisors.
•

NOTES By: Moath Al-assaf Twitter: @mo3ath44

 Al-Assaf NOTES (PART 2), 25 November 2021

7. Cobalt chromium alloy advantages over gold alloy:

• Chromium-cobalt alloys generally have less yield strength when compared with gold alloys:
▪ Yield strength: the greatest amount of stress alloy will withstand and still return to its original shape.
• Greater rigidity can be obtained with the chromium-cobalt alloy in reduced sections in which cross-
arch stabilization is required.
• Chromium-cobalt alloys have a lower density (weight) than gold alloys.

•
• McCracken's Removable Partial Prosthodontics
8. Causes of fractured clasp arm:
• Breakage may result from repeated flexure into and out of too severe an undercut.
• Breakage may occur because of structural failure of the clasp arm itself (break at its weakest point).
• Breakage may occur because of careless handling by the patient.

•
• McCracken's Removable Partial Prosthodontics
9. How to accelerate the setting of zinc oxide pack?
• Adding zinc oxide.

•
• Bacteriostatic and fungicide agents found in periodontal dressing

•
• Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology.

NOTES By: Moath Al-assaf Twitter: @mo3ath44

 Al-Assaf NOTES (PART 2), 25 November 2021

10. When to use liner and bases:

• Sturdevant’s Art and Science of Operative Dentistry

11. Management of oroantral fistula:
• Depending on size as follow:
▪ If the communication is small (2 mm in diameter or less), no additional surgical treatment is
necessary. Take measures to ensure the formation of a high-quality blood clot in the socket
and then advise the patient to take sinus precautions to prevent dislodgment of the clot.
▪ If the opening is moderate (2 to 6 mm)
1. Figure-of-eight suture should be placed over the tooth socket.
2. Antibiotics—amoxicillin, cephalexin, or clindamycin—should be prescribed for 5 days.
3. Decongestant nasal spray should be prescribed to shrink the nasal mucosa to maintain
ostium patency.
▪ If the sinus opening is large (7 mm or larger),
1. Repaired with a flap procedure.
2. buccal flap, Palatal flap, Membrane-assisted closure.
• Contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
12. Factors affecting clasp flexibility:
• Clasp length (measured from its point of origin to its terminal end),
• Clasp relative diameter (regardless of its cross-sectional form),
• Clasp cross-sectional form or shape (whether it is round, half-round, or some other form),
• The material used in making the clasp.

•
• McCracken's Removable Partial Prosthodontics

NOTES By: Moath Al-assaf Twitter: @mo3ath44

 Al-Assaf NOTES (PART 2), 25 November 2021

13. What is the suitable classification for furcation with 3mm bone loss?
• Subclass A.

•
• Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology
14. Management of furcation involvements:
• Class I: Conservative periodontal therapy (Sc/Rp).
• Class II:
▪ Shallow horizontal involvement without significant vertical bone loss usually responds
favorably to localized flap procedures with odontoplasty, osteoplasty, and ostectomy.
▪ Isolated deep Class II furcations may respond to flap procedures with osteoplasty and
odontoplasty.
• Late Class II, Class III, or Class IV (Advanced Defects):
▪ Nonsurgical treatment is usually ineffective because the ability to instrument the tooth
surfaces adequately is compromised. Periodontal surgery, endodontic therapy, and
restoration of the tooth may be required to retain the tooth.
▪ Osseous Resection: The immediate goal with these surgical approaches is to create access for
the patient to maintain good hygiene.
▪ Regeneration: mandibular grade II furcations most predictable in regeneration.
▪ Root Resection: indicated in multirooted teeth with grades II to IV furcation involvements.
▪ Hemi-section: is the splitting of a two-rooted tooth into two separate portions. Most likely to
be performed on mandibular molars with buccal & lingual Class II or III furcation involvements.
▪ Root Resection/Hemisection Procedure: The most common root resection involves the
distobuccal root of the maxillary first molar.
• Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology
15. Which one is easy to close when you want take biopsy?
• Elliptical.

•
• Contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

NOTES By: Moath Al-assaf Twitter: @mo3ath44

 Al-Assaf NOTES (PART 2), 25 November 2021

16. What is the best storage medium for an avulsed tooth (Open or Closed apex)?
• Milk.

•
• International Association of Dental Traumatology Guidelines for the Management of Traumatic Dental
Injuries: 2. Avulsion of Permanent Teeth.
17. Teeth difficult in Sc/Rp:
• Maxillary first premolars, the mesio-buccal root of the maxillary first molar, both roots of mandibular
first molars, and the mandibular incisors.

•
• Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology
18. ASA classification on uncontrolled diabetic patient:
• ASA III

•
• Dental Management of the Medically Compromised Patient.

NOTES By: Moath Al-assaf Twitter: @mo3ath44

 Al-Assaf NOTES (PART 2), 25 November 2021

19. Drugs contra-indicated for pregnant

• Dental Management of the Medically Compromised Patient.

NOTES By: Moath Al-assaf Twitter: @mo3ath44

 Al-Assaf NOTES (PART 2), 25 November 2021

20. Crohn disease: (Reference: Neville oral pathology).

• Orofacial granulomatosis.

NOTES By: Moath Al-assaf Twitter: @mo3ath44

 Al-Assaf NOTES (PART 2), 25 November 2021

21. Metastatic tumor in the gingiva is likely to be:

• Gingiva is the most common location for metastasis followed by the tongue.
• If metastasis to bone, it is likely to affect mandible than maxilla.
• Male: lung cancer, renal carcinoma and melanoma (Prostate is more in bone).
• Female: breast cancer, genital organs, kidney, lung, and bone.

•
22. Genital and oral ulcers with positive pathergy test?
• Behcet’s disease.

•
• Neville oral pathology.
23. Negative rake angle:
• K- files -> Negative
• H- files -> Positive

•
• Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp Expert.
24. Contraindications for LA:
•

NOTES By: Moath Al-assaf Twitter: @mo3ath44