11/8/23, 9:14 AM Suprasegmental Aspects - Features of Connected Speech

NAME :

CLASS :
Suprasegmental Aspects - Features of Connected Speech
DATE :
18 Questions

1.

Suprasegmental Aspects -
Features of connected
ə.sɪm.ɪ.leɪ.ʃn̩

speech ɪ.lɪʒ.n̩
li.eɪ.zɒn
lɪŋ.kɪŋ
ʤʌŋk.ʧə
kən.træk.ʃn̩ z

​Kho Chung Wei TSLB3523

2.

​To be successful in this topic, I can:

Compare and contrast between the different features of connected speech
Analyse a spoken text for the different features of connected speech
Analyse a written text to determine the different features of connected speech

English Phonetics and Phonology TSLB3523

3.
Assimilation
Assimilation = the replacement of one phoneme by another under the influence of a
third as a result of phonetic conditioning
Phonetic conditioning = the way in which speech segments are influenced by adjacent
(or near-adjacent) segments, causing phonemes to vary in their realisation according to
the phonetic context
Typical of rapid casual speech
​Direction of influence:
​Regressive/anticipatory/leading = Cf changes to become like Ci
E.g. white pepper /waɪt ˈpepə/ → /waɪp ˈpepə/
Progressive/lagging = Ci changes to become like Cf
E.g. ​on the house /ɒn ðə ˈhaʊs/ → /ɒn nə ˈhaʊs/

English Phonetics and Phonology TSLB3523

https://quizizz.com/print/quiz/6522666ca17aab6de8090fe6 1/5
11/8/23, 9:14 AM Suprasegmental Aspects - Features of Connected Speech
4.
Assimilation
​Types of influence:
​Place of articulation
Cf alveolars /t d n/ become bilabials /p b m/ when Ci /p b m/
E.g. cute baby, good boy, ten men
Cf /t/ becomes velar /k/ when Ci /k g/
Cf /d/ becomes velar /g/ when Ci /k g/
Cf /n/ becomes velar /ŋ/ when Ci /k g/
E.g. night cap, good concert, been going
Cf alveolar /s z/ become palato-alveolars /ʃ ʒ/ when Ci /ʃ/
E.g. horse shoe, cheese shop

English Phonetics and Phonology TSLB3523

5.
Assimilation
Types of influence:
​Manner of articulation
Cf plosives become fricatives or nasals when Ci fricatives or nasals
E.g. that side, good night
Ci fricative /ð/ in unstressed syllable becomes plosives, nasals or lateral (with
dental place of articulation) when Cf plosives, nasals or lateral
E.g. get them, read these, join the army, fail the test
Voicing / Energy of articulation
Cf lenis (voiced) has no voicing when Ci fortis (voiceless)
E.g. have to, used to, was spectacular

English Phonetics and Phonology TSLB3523

6.
Assimilation
Co-occurrence of assimilations
Direction of influence: coalescent/​reciprocal = two-way exchange of articulation
features
Different types of influence occur simultaneously
Cf /t/ and Ci /j/ become /ʧ/
E.g. last year
Cf /d/ and Ci /j/ become /ʤ/
E.g. behind you

English Phonetics and Phonology TSLB3523

https://quizizz.com/print/quiz/6522666ca17aab6de8090fe6 2/5
11/8/23, 9:14 AM Suprasegmental Aspects - Features of Connected Speech
7.
ELISION
Elision = a process by which a phoneme is deleted as a result of phonetic conditioning
Typical of rapid casual speech
​Loss of weak vowel after p, t, k.
the aspiration of the initial plosive takes up the whole of the middle portion of the
syllable
E.g. pʰˈteɪtəʊ, tʰˈdeɪ, kʰˈneəri
Weak vowel + n, l, r becomes syllabic consonant
E.g. ​tn̩ aɪt, pl̩ iːs, kr̩ ekt​

English Phonetics and Phonology TSLB3523

8.
ELISION
Avoidance of complex consonant clusters
In clusters of 3 plosives or 2 plosives + fricative, middle plosive is elided
E.g. /ækts/ → /æks/, /teksts/ → /teks/,
George the Sixth's throne /sɪksθs θrəʊn/ → /sɪks θrəʊn/
​/t/ or /d/ is elided within a consonant cluster
E.g. next day, reached Paris, stopped for, carved statue
Loss of final /v/ in ‘of’ before consonants
E.g. ​lots of them /lɒts ə ðəm/, waste of money /weɪst ə mʌni/
Loss of vowel in ‘of’ leaving either /v/ or /f/
E.g. all of mine /ɔːl v maɪn/, best of three /best f θriː/

English Phonetics and Phonology TSLB3523

9.
liaison & linking
Liaison = the insertion of a consonant in order to facilitate the articulation of a word
sequence
orthographic r is regularly restored as a link across word boundaries = linking r
E.g. ​sooner /ˈsuːnə/ sooner or later /ˈsuːnər ɔː ˈleɪtə/
​the phoneme r cannot occur in syllable-final position in RP, but when the spelling
suggests a final r and it occurs between two vowel sounds, the usual
pronunciation for RP is to use the phoneme r to link the two vowels
​use of linking r when there is no r in the spelling = intrusive r
​E.g. formula /ˈfɔːmjʊlə/ formula a /ˈfɔːmjʊlər eɪ/

English Phonetics and Phonology TSLB3523

https://quizizz.com/print/quiz/6522666ca17aab6de8090fe6 3/5
11/8/23, 9:14 AM Suprasegmental Aspects - Features of Connected Speech
10.
liaison & linking
/j/ to ease the transition to a following vowel sound when a word ends in /iː/ /eɪ/ /aɪ/ /
ɔɪ/ = linking /j/
E.g. ​I agree /aɪjəˈgriː/ they are /ðeɪjɑː/
/w/ to ease the transition to a following vowel sound when a word ends in /uː/ /əʊ/ /aʊ/
= linking /w/
​E.g. go on /gəʊwɒn/ you are /juːwɑː/

English Phonetics and Phonology TSLB3523

11.
Juncture
juncture = the relationship between one sound and the sounds that immediately precede and
follow it
E.g. ​my turn /maɪ tɜːn/
relationship between /m/ and /aɪ/ ; between /t/ and /ɜː/; between /ɜː/ and /n/ = close
juncture
/m/ (preceded by silence) and /n/ (followed by silence) = external open juncture ​
relationship between /aɪ/ and /t/ = internal open juncture
E.g. might earn /maɪt ɜːn/​
Differences of juncture cause differences in pronunciation despite the same phonemes, i.e.
position of word boundary has effect on realisation of the phonemes (allophonic differences)

English Phonetics and Phonology TSLB3523

12.
Contractions
Contraction = a form derived from the combination of two function words
​Represented with special spelling forms
Pronounced as one syllable

English Phonetics and Phonology TSLB3523

13. Why do assimilation, elision, liaison, and contractions occur when we speak?

https://quizizz.com/print/quiz/6522666ca17aab6de8090fe6 4/5
11/8/23, 9:14 AM Suprasegmental Aspects - Features of Connected Speech

14. Try saying 'I scream for an ice-cream'. Do you say 'I scream' and 'ice-cream' in the same way? Do they sound the
same? Why do you say so? Explain your answer.
Hint: Juncture

15. 'looked back' [lʊkt bæk] --> [lʊk bæk]

'scripts' [skrɪpts] --> [skrɪps]
'perhaps' [pəˈhæps] --> [phˈhæps]
The above are examples of...

A Elision B Juncture

C Contraction D Assimilation

E Liaison

16. 'good girl' [ɡʊd ɡɜːl] --> [ɡʊg ɡɜːl]

'good boy' [ɡʊd bɔɪ] --> [ɡʊb bɔɪ]
'good thing' [ɡʊd θɪŋ] --> [ɡʊd̪ θɪŋ]
The above are examples of...

A Assimilation B Liaison

C Juncture D Contraction

E Elision

17. 'four eggs' [fɔː ɛɡz] --> [fɔːr ɛɡz]

'media event' [ˈmiːdiə ɪˈvɛnt] --> [ˈmiːdiə r ɪˈvɛnt]
'I am' [aɪ æm] --> [aɪ j æm]
'go out' [ɡəʊ aʊt] --> [ɡəʊ w aʊt]
The above are examples of...

A Contraction B Assimilation

C Liaison D Elision

E Juncture

18. Which of the following is an example of intrusive r?

A 'media event' [ˈmiːdiə ɪˈvɛnt] --> [ˈmiːdiə r ɪˈvɛnt] B 'I am' [aɪ æm] --> [aɪ j æm]

C 'go out' [ɡəʊ aʊt] --> [ɡəʊ w aʊt] D 'four eggs' [fɔː ɛɡz] --> [fɔːr ɛɡz]

https://quizizz.com/print/quiz/6522666ca17aab6de8090fe6 5/5