JNTUA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,KALIKIRI

ANNAMAYYA (DIST)

COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT

WATER POLLUTION
 PRESENTED BY :
P.GOWTHAMI (20KAIA0101)
M.LIKITHA VARDHAN (20KA1 A0106)
B.SURESH NAIK (20KA1 A0107)
P.SIREESHA (20KAIA0115)
P.HARSHA VARDHAN REDDY (20KAIA0117)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

WATER
POLLUTION
 WHAT IS WATER POLLUTION ?
Water pollution is the contamination Of water sources by Substances which make the water unusable for drinking,
cooking, cleaning, swimming, and other activities. Pollutants include chemicals, trash, bacteria, and parasites. All
forms Of pollution eventually make their way to water.

Water pollution can be defined as the contamination Of water bodies. Water pollution is caused when water bodies such as
rivers, lakes, oceans, groundwater and aquifers get contaminated with industrial and agricultural effluents.

When water gets polluted. it adversely affects all lifeforms that directly or indirectly depend on this source. The effects of water

contamination can be felt for years to come.

WHAT IS WATER POLLUTION ?

Water pollution or Aquatic pollution is the contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of human activities. so that it negatively affects its uses . Water
bodies include lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers, reservoirs, and ground water.

Water pollution results when contaminants are introduced into these water bodies. Water pollution can be attributed to one of four sources:

1. Sewage Discharges

2. Agricultural Activities

3. Industrial Activities
 4. Urban Runoff including Storm water.

TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION :

The types of water pollution include:

Groundwater Pollution

Surface Water Pollution

Suspended Matter

Oil Spillages

Microbiological Pollution

Chemical Water Pollution

Water pollution happens when toxic substances enter water bodies such as lakes. rivers, oceans and so on, getting
dissolved in them, lying suspended in the water or depositing on the bed. This degrades the

Not only does this spell disaster for aquatic ecosystems, the pollutants also seep through and reach the groundwater, which might
end up in our households as contaminated Water we use in our daily activities, including drinking.
THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF POLLUTED RIVER NEAR RAYACHOTY

GROUND WATER POLLUTION :

Groundwater comes from below the Earth's surface, found in stores called aquifers. A key source of water pollution that ends up in groundwater
resources comes from agriculture. Fertilizers and pesticides applied to farmland are easily absorbed into the ground, or they can be transported as runoff
during rainfall.
 Groundwater can also become contaminated when waste from landfills and septic stems leaches into the ground. Once these harmful chemicals find
their way into groundwater, they are Often extracted from wells or boreholes, Compromising the quality of water.

SURFACE WATER POLLUTION :

Surface water refers to all bodies ofwater above the Earth's surface, such as oceans, lakes, and rivers. Any hazardous substance that comes
into contact with pollution occurs in three ways: naturally, accidentally, and intentionally.
Naturally: Flooding or tsunamis. that pick up fertilizers. pesticides, debris, and other contaminants.

A identally: Oil spills and agricultural runoff.

ntentionally: Industries dumping waste directly into waterways

SUSPENDED MATTER :
Waste Such as plastics, rubber, and other man-made materials that are improperly disposed of and cannot be broken down easily in water is called
particulate or suspended matter.

The suspended particles either settle at the bottom of water sources, damaging marine life and leaching toxic chemicals into drinking
watersupplies, or they float on the surf of the water, preventing oxygen and sunlight from penetrating the water below.

the suspended matter breaks down into Smaller particulate matter, the suspended xic chemicals threaten the survival of aquatic plants and
animals,

MICROBIOLOGICAL POLLUTION :
 Microbiological pollution is a type Of naturally Occurring water pollution. It comes from microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa that can
cause waterborne diseases such as cholera, This type of water pollution is common in areas where people drink untreated water.

Humans are very sensitive to this type of water pollution, therefore adequate drinking w er systems play an important role in eliminating microbiological
pollution. If water is ot treated, it causes serious illnesses to humans that drink the contaminated water, and it can also cause fish and other aquatic
organisms to die.

CHEMICAL WATER POLLUTION .

Chemicals are the most common type of water pollution, and many industries use chemicals that can end up in water systems, These chemicals can be
anything from metals and solvents in industrial operations, fertilizers and pesticides in the agricultural industry to chemicals used in pest control

companies. When the chemicals enter the soil and water systems, it has negative impacts on humans, livestock. and fish that util" these
environments.

ater settings, chemical water pollution is very toxic to aquatic life, inhibiting their rowth, affecting their reproduction, or even causing death.
 SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION :
The most significant sources of water pollution are :

Sewage (Waste Water):The sewage water carries pathogens, a typical water pollutant, Other harmful bacteria, and chemicals that can Cause serious health problems and
thereby diseases.

AgricUltural Pollution: Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used by farmers to protect c s from insects and bacteria. However, when these chemicals are mixed up with
water, ey produce harmful pollutants for plants and animals.

Oil Pollution: Oil spill poses a huge threat to marine life when a large amount of oil spills into the sea and does not dissolve in water. It causes problems for local marine wildlife,
ding fish, birds, and sea otters.

Industrial Waste: Industries produce a tremendous amount of waste, which contains toxic Chemicals and pollutants, causing air pollution and damage to our environment
and us.
SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION :
The burning of fossil fuels: Fossil fuels like coal and oil. when burnt, produce a substantial amount of ash in the atmosphere. The particles which
contain toxic Chemicals when mixed with Water vapourresult in acid rain.

River dumping and Marine Dumping: The garbage produced by households in the form of paper, plastic, food, aluminium, rubber, glass, is collected and
dumped into the ers and seas., they not only cause water pollution but also harm aquatic animals.
FIGURE SHOWING THE SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION
CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION
EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION •
Water pollution can bring about disastrous consequences- for instance, a factory that pumped out a very toxic Waste product into the sea directly
contributed to causing neurological illness to an entire town for many decades (The Minimata incident). The following are the effects of water pollution:

• Water pollution drastically affects human health; in fact, it can kill. In 2015 alone. a study revealed that waterbome illnesses caused 1.8 million
deaths worldwide.

• It can CäuS@ContamiriätiOn of drinking water- thereby contributingto waterborne illnesses.

Water pollution also affects the ecosystem- it can Cause phenomenon called eutrophication, This can cause fish and other aquatic organisms to die.

Toxic elements dissolved in water can make their Way to humans through fish or other aquatic organisms.

• Water pollution also leaches chemicals into the soil that may impact the growth of plants or Other food crops.

EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION :

Consumption Of polluted water is a major cause Of ill health in India. Polluted water causes some of the deadly diseases like cholera, dysentery,
diarrhea, tuberculosis, jaundice, etc. About 80 per cent of stomach diseases in India are caused by polluted water.
Bacteria that cause , cholera, dysentery, typhoid, hepatitis A, and polio can be found in ntaminated water. According to the United Nations. some 297.000

children underthe e of five die each year from diseases caused by poor sanitation, hygiene, or unsafe drinking water.

A series of less serious health effects could be associated to bathing in contaminated water (i.e. polluted beach water) including:

Rashes

Earaches Pink eyeS

EFFECTS OF WATER
POLLUTION :
Diseases caused by polluted water, including:

Gastroenteritis

• Diarrhea

Encephalitis

Stomach cramps and aches

Vomiting

Fluorosis

Hepatitis

Respiratory infections.

Liver damage and even cancer

Kidney damage caused by a series Of chemicals

Neurological problems - damage to the nervous system — usually due to the presence Of chemicals such as pesticides (e.g. DDT)

Thyroid system disorders

Increased water pollution creates breeding grounds for malaria-carrying mosquitoes, Which kill 1.2-2.7 million people a year
CONTROL MEASURES OF WATER POLLUTION •

FOUR STEPS TO CONTROL WATER POLLUTION •

Step 1: Implementing Control measures

This is the first step Of the process, and strict control measures should be implemented for the activities causing water pollution, The community should reduce activities such as plastic usage
and sewage dumping, There are many things that society can do to implement control measures for ter pollution.

Step 2: Wastewater treatment

This is the next step in controlling water pollution. We can control water pollution by reducing the proportion of wasted water. The pollutants should be removed from water through
chemical, biological or physical treatments.

Step 3: Purification

Further, water purification initiatives should be carried out thoroughly to destroy the pollutants and harmful elements from water to a substantial extent Step 4: Spreading

awareness
CONTROL MEASURES OF WATER POLLUTION
Water Pollution Control Measures

Before being released from power plants, hot Water needs to be cooled.

Domestic cleaning should be prohibited in tanks, Streams, and rivers that supply drinking water.

se of fertilizers and insecticides in excess should be avoided.

Chemical fertilizers can be replaced by organic farming and efficient use Of animal waste as fertilizer.

Water hyacinth (an aquatic weed and an invasive plant) can purify water by removing harmful compounds and heavy metals.

Bregoli. a by-product of the paper industry that resembles sawdust, oil zappers, and microorganisms, can be used to clean Oil spills in water.

It has been suggested that eucalyptus trees be planted everywhere along sewage ponds. These trees quickly absorb excess wastewater and emit pure water
Vapour into the atmosphere.
WATER POLLUTION
 CONCLUSION :
Water is an essential natural resource for the life Of all living things. Any irresponsible behaviour in the part of humanity affects all the other
beneficiaries. Consequently, there is a need to protect water bodies from deliberate pollution.
ΤΗΑΝΚ γου
TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION :
The types of water pollution include:

Groundwater Pollution

Surface Water Pollution

Suspended Matter

Oil Spillages

Microbiological Pollution

Chemical Water Pollution

OIL SPILLAGES :
Water can be polluted from accidental oil spills, transportation, runoff, and intentionally dumping. Oil spillage can have
devastating effects on water environments, and they are extremely difficult to remove; just one liter of oil can pollute one
million liters of water.

Oil spills make up 12% of the oil that enters the world's oceans. The rest of the oil spi ges come from shipping/transport,
draining, and dumping. Most oil spills are
I lized, but even a small amount of oil can be extremely hazardous to humans and arine life.
THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF POLLUTED RIVER NEAR RAYACHOTY

GROUND WATER POLLUTION :

Groundwater comes from below the Earth's surface, found in stores called aquifers. A key source of water pollution that ends up in groundwater
resources comes from agriculture. Fertilizers and pesticides applied to farmland are easily absorbed into the ground, or they can be transported as
runoff during rainfall.
 Groundwater can also become contaminated when waste from landfills and septic stems leaches into the ground. Once these harmful chemicals find
their way into groundwater, they are Often extracted from wells or boreholes, Compromising the quality of water.