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General chemical structures of the main classes of phenolic compounds and their derivatives.
Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) is a model plant as nutraceutical due to the numerous antioxidants
and secondary metabolites it produces under natural conditions. Antioxidant and free radical
scavenging activity of Spondias pinnata. Using this approach, the experimental setups range from
strictly controlled in vitro experiments to environmentally realistic in situ experimental plots. Cuban
flora is pharmacologically and chemically under-investigated, most probably because there are
insufficient technological and human resources to isolate and evaluate metabolites of
pharmacological and nutraceutical interest. The latter observation suggests ROS-induced damage to
the photosynthetic machinery. Antioxidants exert their mode of action by suppressing the formation
of reactive oxygen species either by inhibition of enzymes or by chelating trace elements. The DPPH
remaining in the reaction mixture measured after some time acts in reverse to the antioxidant RSA.
Damage to body cells and molecules by oxygen containing free radicals has been implicated in a
wide variety of diseases. As a consequence, AsA is oxidized to monodehydroascorbic acid (MDHA),
which can disproportionate into AsA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA). The absorbance value of this
solution was then measured at 700?nm by spectrophotometer. The in vivo antioxidant system can
control the concentrations of ROS and RNS, thus maintaining the cellular redox equilibrium to allow
oxidative signaling during lifespan. Air-tight plastic vials were used to store the collected dried plant
samples for further studies. In order to finetune ROS levels to prevent oxidative damage, but still
allowing oxidative signaling, plants possess an extensive antioxidant defense system consisting of
enzymatic and non-enzymatic components ( Figure 1 ). Besides their role in photosynthesis and
photoprotection, carotenoids also fulfill other functions in plants. In this study, total 11
phytochemicals were screened from methanol extract of four medicinal plants, wherein flavonoid,
tannin, sterol, phenol were present in all four medicinal plants. These could be useful either in the
maintenance of human health or in the prevention or treatment of human pathologies. Urban and
periurban agricultural systems developed in Cuba are a suitable platform to design and introduce
innovative, sustainable agronomic practices for economically valuable crops. Like this, tannins and
lignins can easily accommodate dozens of phenol substituents in their structure, but at the same time
such amounts of phenol groups hamper their activity modifying other chemical properties such as
solubility. Due to the huge diversity of polyphenols, it is almost impossible to relate the diverse
factors affecting the bioavailability of each class of these compounds. Concrete with dense and
continuous gradation is expected to reduce the levels of air and increases the unit weight of concrete
and add to the strength of concrete.Concrete mixture was planned SNI method with 25 MPa
compressive strength with cement and water factor variation and 15 sample units. Antioxidants in
different parts of plants such as ascorbic acid, vitamin E and phenolic compounds possess the ability
to reduce the oxidative damage associated with ma. In order to be human-readable, please install an
RSS reader. With regard to metal exposure, concentrations of several non-enzymatic antioxidants
including carotenoids, phenolic compounds and AsA were higher in a metalicolous ecotype of Silene
vulgaris, collected from a metal-contaminated site, in comparison to a non-metalicolous ecotype of
the same species originating from a non-contaminated area. The bubble map visualizes 258 terms that
appeared in at least 10 of the included publications. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet
faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. Whereas MDHA is
again reduced to AsA via MDHAR using electrons derived from NAPDH, DHA is converted to AsA
via the action of DHAR. Whereas four different forms of tocopherol exist (. Chemical composition
of chloroform extract from Scutellaria havanensis Jacq. This is reduced back to GSH by GR, using
reducing equivalents derived from NAPDH.
Previous Article in Journal Parallel Molecular Evolution of Catalases and Superoxide
Dismutases—Focus on Thermophilic Fungal Genomes. The phenol and flavonoid contents from
these plants were observed as a potential source of natural antioxidants which can be efficiently used
in the inhibition of oxidative stress associated diseases. Glutathione—a tripeptide consisting of ?-
glutamate, cysteine and glycine—constitutes the second major non-enzymatic antioxidant involved
in ROS detoxification via the AsA-GSH cycle. Consequently, one could deduce that for a single
compound more phenol substituents mean more antioxidant capacity, but evidently there are some
limitations to this “rule”. In this review, a brief summary of several important biopharmaceutical
studies on endemic as well as on more widespread plants is provided with a focus on a specific area
within Cuba. A number of oxidizing molecules like singlet oxygen and numerous other free radicals
responsible for different diseases can be effectively scavenged by flavonoids usage. The antioxidant,
antibacterial agent, and anti-inflammatory effects were shown because of the polyphenolic
compounds, flavonoid, and terpenoid found in ES and Thymus serpyllum. Another medicinal plant
growing in the reserve is the species Croton linearis. Mentha; phytochemical, antibacterial, and
dipterian adulticidal approach. Chemical composition of chloroform extract from Scutellaria
havanensis Jacq. Also, the oxidative stress tolerance of plants can be conferred by these phenols and
flavonoids. All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an
open access license. No special. Here, plant biotechnological techniques could offer a viable
alternative. 3. Antioxidants in Plant Protection The environment of plants is ever-changing and
involves variation of natural origin (e.g., circadian rhythm, seasons, temperature, physicochemical soil
characteristics, radiation) as well as alterations resulting from anthropogenic activities (e.g., pollution
and climate change). Gaud) cultivars on the adsorption of heavy metal ions cadmium and lead in the
remediation of contaminated farmland soils. SEP It is well known that bioactive compounds such as
polyphenols are constituents of many plants and herbs, and they have attracted a great deal of public
and scientific interest because of their health-promoting effects and of their potential applications in
foods as antioxidants and antimicrobial agents. Due to the huge diversity of polyphenols, it is almost
impossible to relate the diverse factors affecting the bioavailability of each class of these compounds.
These compounds are lipophilic and have no aromatic ring, but their antioxidant activity is supported
by a large number of conjugated double bonds that can stabilize the electrons donated. Lot of
researchers have been attracted toward the plants to obtain these natural compounds from plant
extracts important for their medicinal properties. Most mentioned plant secondary metabolites
associated with antioxidant activity after bibliometric analysis in the Scopus online database ( ). J
Anal methods Chem. 2014;12:2014. Search in Google Scholar. With the use of an optimal magnetic
induction, the synthesis of phenols and flavonoids was highly stimulated and the antioxidant
properties of tomato fruits were increased. These cookies help provide information on metrics the
number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. The second bubble map was constructed
employing 699 publications related to antioxidants. The flavonoid-enriched extracts were able to
inhibit the ABTS radical in a concentration-dependent manner more strongly than AsA. However,
sufficient scientific evidence about the benefits of this postpartum herbal medicine does not exist.
Upon drought stress, the activity of enzymes involved in the shikimate pathway and the
concentrations of phenolic compounds such as caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, quercetin and
kaempferol decreased in sensitive S. Free radicals are the chemical species that have an unpaired
electron and play very important role in human health and beneficial in combating against several
diseases like cardiovascular disorders, lung damage, inflammation etc. Cuban endemic plants
investigated for their antioxidant and bioactive properties. Keywords: Maximum Density, SNI,
compressive strength of Concrete. Timko at Department of Biology, University of Virginia, USA for
giving an opportunity to conduct research in his Laboratory for this research, as well as the Higher
Education Commission (HEC), Pakistan for their financial support (International Research Support
Initiative Program) which gave me a golden opportunity to do this wonderful project at a well-
reputed and well-equipped laboratory at UVA, USA.
In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials
Processing (JMMP). Different levels of scavenging activity were focused for all extracts in all used
assays like DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Glutathione—a tripeptide consisting of ?-glutamate,
cysteine and glycine—constitutes the second major non-enzymatic antioxidant involved in ROS
detoxification via the AsA-GSH cycle. Polyphenols are subdivided into several groups based on
their number of phenol groups or the structural elements connecting the phenol groups. Journal of
Experimental and Theoretical Analyses (JETA). Here, we developed a next generationsequencing
(NGS) assay to analyze a panel of 142 known cardiomyopathy genes in 9 Vietnamese patientsfrom
Children Hospital 2, Hochiminh City and Medical University Hospital, Hochiminh City,
Vietnam.Whole exome sequencing (WES) - a technique which determines the variations of all coding
regions (exons)of the known genes - validated a total of 65 rare variants in 18 cardiomyopathy genes
among the studiedVietnamese unrelated patients. On the other hand, the effects of PGPB on
stimulation of plant antioxidant production have mainly been studied in fruit trees, herbs and
vegetables. In the field of PGPB and their application as bio-fertilizers, commercial inoculants are
formulated with Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Azotobacter, Gluconacetobacter and Pseudomonas.
These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. In vitro antioxidant and
cytotoxic activity of Gunnera perpensa L. (Gunneraceae) from South Africa. As such, they are more
resilient to abiotic stresses as compared to their mainland sister species. Another medicinal plant
growing in the reserve is the species Croton linearis. An increase in the content of the antioxidant
AsA and of the secondary metabolites gallic acid, rutin and quercetin was observed in the extracts
from fruits of plants irrigated with MF-treated water. The photoprotective role of these metabolites
derives from their ability to quench excited chlorophyll states, scavenge ROS and dissipate excess
energy as heat. Interestingly, it harbors about 750 plant species including 159 endemics. Therefore,
an increase in scientific studies to achieve this goal is justified. An extensive list of Cuban plants,
endemic or not, has been incorporated in the National Guideline of Phyto-Medicines and Bee-
Medicines (Formulario Nacional Fitofarmacos y Apifarmacos, 2010). Alternatively, plant stress
tolerance can be enhanced via transgenic methods to improve their antioxidant potential. The ortho
substitution pattern is more common, generating catechol groups which confer high antioxidant
activity to the compounds with these characteristics. Lactase phloridzin hydrolase (LPH) present on
the brush-border of small intestine epithelial cells is one of the suggested enzymes involved in this
process. Quantitative analysis of phenolic constituents of nine plants species were performed by high
performance liquid chromatography-diode array dete. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease
(TropicalMed). In addition, a second medicine known as PHM-2 is taken for days 41-80. The
absorbance value of this solution was then measured at 700?nm by spectrophotometer.
Understanding the correlation between antioxidant compounds in non-model plants and their
evolutionary advantage to withstand specific stress conditions should be included in strategies to
protect plant biodiversity. However, generally, aporphine alkaloids exhibit higher antioxidant activity
than the latter even without hydroxyl groups. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as
necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of
the website. These compounds are lipophilic and have no aromatic ring, but their antioxidant activity
is supported by a large number of conjugated double bonds that can stabilize the electrons donated.
Phytochemical screening and evaluation of cytotoxic and hypoglycemic properties of Mangifera
indica peels.
However, its seeds have a low viability, and under normal natural conditions their germination rate is
very low. These could be useful either in the maintenance of human health or in the prevention or
treatment of human pathologies. The use of strategies for biofortification of economically valuable
crops has gained attention of the research community. Therefore, metabolites with more than one
hydroxyl group (polyphenols) can show more than one redox potential, varying in magnitude
depending on the pH of the medium. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your
consent. It is known that the increase in various environmental stresses unbalances the production of
ROS and limits the activity of antioxidants, causing oxidative damage. Its territorial extension
amounts to 109,880 km 2 (FAO, 2015). Besides opening new avenues for the implementation of
sustainable agroecological practices in crop production, it will also contribute to new strategies to
preserve plant biodiversity and simultaneously improve nature management policies in Cuba. Bubble
color indicates the averaged citation count received by publications containing the word in their titles
or abstracts. Of the total number of publications (3056), 94 were specific to endemic species, of
which Phyllantus and Euphorbia are the two most studied genera. Bubble size indicates the
frequency of occurrence of the words. However, sufficient scientific evidence about the benefits of
this postpartum herbal medicine does not exist. Optimization of ultrasonic extraction of phenolic
compounds from Epimedium brevicornum maxim using response surface methodology and
evaluation of its antioxidant activities in vitro. Upon drought stress, the activity of enzymes involved
in the shikimate pathway and the concentrations of phenolic compounds such as caffeoylquinic acid
derivatives, quercetin and kaempferol decreased in sensitive S. J Anal methods Chem. 2014;12:2014.
Search in Google Scholar. Air-tight plastic vials were used to store the collected dried plant samples
for further studies. The RSA of EE, ME and AE of various medicinal plant extracts was examined as
shown in Table 5. Functional nutraceuticals: Past, present, and future. An increase in the content of
the antioxidant AsA and of the secondary metabolites gallic acid, rutin and quercetin was observed
in the extracts from fruits of plants irrigated with MF-treated water. The presence of phenolic and
flavonoid contents in our studied plant extracts are responsible for antioxidant and scavenging
effects to free radicals and effective to treat the diseases caused due to accumulation of ROS and
free radicals in the body. Ellagic acid has been validated to contain good properties to scavenge in
vitro radicals as well as exerting medicinal benefits. These natural antioxidants can be valorized via
plant-derived foods and products. They are mainly used as external applications such as skin
nourishment and protection. Gonzalez Aguilera et al., (2016) investigated whether irrigation with
MF-treated water had an influence on seed performance of S. A species of great agronomic and
economic interest is tomato ( S. Aerial parts of nine plant species were extracted with water and
methanol (MeOH). These investigations have showed that the higher TPC was estimated using DPPH
assay where the wine samples observed also showed the same trend for catechin and gallic acid
phytoconstituents and the abundance of phenolics. Metabolic benefits of curcumin supplementation
in patients with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized
controlled trials. Llaurado Maury G, Mendez Rodriguez D, Hendrix S, Escalona Arranz JC, Fung
Boix Y, Pacheco AO, Garcia Diaz J, Morris-Quevedo HJ, Ferrer Dubois A, Aleman EI. Chemical
composition of chloroform extract from Scutellaria havanensis Jacq.
In the bibliometric study, they reach an 8.49% hit score within antioxidants. All plants were then
tested for DPPH, FRAP, and total phenolic content. All experiments were conducted in triplicates
and the data were analyzed as average of three values. These samples (parts used from each plant)
were then grinded into fine powder after drying in an oven for 7?days, at Ecology and Biodiversity
Lab, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. From these findings, it was suggested that
the EEs of all samples showed the highest radical scavenging capacities followed by the ABTS
radical scavenging ability of MEs and AEs for all experimental samples. As the hydroxyl groups (OH
? ) is responsible for the free radical scavenging ability in them, so rapid screening of antioxidant
activity can be effectively applied by using the TPCs of these medicinal plants. Metabolic benefits of
curcumin supplementation in patients with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-
analysis of randomized controlled trials. Naturally occurring polyphenols are widely distributed in
almost all kind of plants and other organisms like fungi. Keywords: Maximum Density, SNI,
compressive strength of Concrete. The content of total phenolics in the extracts was determined
spectrometrically according to the Folin?Ciocalteu procedure and calculated as tannic acid
equivalents. The presence of alkaloids was observed by the orange-red color. Bulky non-electroactive
substituents may cause an unfavorable effect on the antioxidant activity due to the steric hindrance
effect. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were investigated by using Folin-Ciocaltaeu and
aluminum chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric method, respectively. Bubble color indicates the averaged
citation count received by publications containing the word in their titles or abstracts. This again
points towards stress-induced damage to the photosynthetic machinery. Alkaloids, tannins and
flavonoids were mainly identified in the ethanolic extract. The use of the undeniable nutritional value
of several plants rich in nutrients, vitamins, minerals, and also phenolic compounds in the design of
new formulations and promising industrial products is an attractive approach. The plants, Acalypha
wilkesiana, Cassia nodosa and Ficus benjamina exhibit the most potent antimicrobial activity against
all selected pathogenic microorganisms such as E. coli and L. monocytogenes. These results suggest
that the plants selected for this study have properties that require attention for their potential health
effect and for possible applications in food products, nutraceuticals and dietary supplements. The
reactivity of different compounds with the stable free radicals was because of the odd number of
electrons present in them. Most mentioned plant secondary metabolites associated with antioxidant
activity after bibliometric analysis in the Scopus online database ( ). These investigations have
showed that the higher TPC was estimated using DPPH assay where the wine samples observed also
showed the same trend for catechin and gallic acid phytoconstituents and the abundance of
phenolics. Interestingly, it harbors about 750 plant species including 159 endemics. As illustrated in
Figure 2, complex polyphenols can reach high molecular weight by polymerization of their structure.
To prevent oxidative damage, plants possess an extensive antioxidant defense system consisting of
enzymes and metabolites. The dynamics of ecosystems can worsen this aridity due to the combined
effect of increased drought, temperature and evaporation. In a recent study, about 67% of native
taxa were evaluated and about half of them are now categorized as threatened. Download Free PDF
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The Aegle marmelos exhibited the highest antioxidant activity followed by Moringa oleifera,
Ageratum conyzoids, and Catharanthus roseus extract. All experiments were performed in triplicates
and the data were analyzed as average of three values. Besides these hydrophilic low molecular
weight reductants, plants also possess lipophilic antioxidants.