Subcompact

crossover SUV

Subcompact crossover SUV is an

automobile segment used to describe the
smallest segment of crossover SUV, a type
of sport utility vehicle, below the compact
crossover SUV. Subcompact crossover
SUVs are usually based on a platform of a
subcompact (also known as supermini or
B-segment) passenger car, although some
high-end subcompact crossover models
are based on a compact car (C-
segment).[2] The segment started to gain
traction during early to mid-2010s when
the number of models and sales figures
rapidly increased in major markets such as
North America and Europe.[3][4] In 2019,
around 22 percent of SUV global sales
were contributed by subcompact
crossovers.[5]

The Honda HR-V was the best-selling

subcompact crossover SUV in 2019.[1]

The segment is particularly popular in

Europe, India, and Brazil where they
account for 37 percent, 75 percent, and 69
percent of total SUV sales in 2018
respectively.[6] In 2019, the best selling
subcompact crossover was the Honda HR-
V, recording 622,154 units being sold
worldwide.[1]

Terminology

The "subcompact crossover SUV" or

"subcompact crossover" term is most
commonly used in North America, where
the "subcompact" and "crossover" terms
originated from.[4][7][8]

The segment is also known as "B-segment

SUV", "B-SUV",[9] "small SUV",[10][11] or
"subcompact CUV".[12] It is also known
with several other terms depending on the
market, including "compact crossover" or
"compact SUV",[13] which differs with the
more common definition of a compact
crossover SUV, which is a class larger and
belongs to the C-segment. Classification
of a certain model may also vary between
markets due to differences in regional
definitions, competition and pricing.

Characteristics

Subcompact crossovers commonly use

the same platform of similarly-sized
subcompact/B-segment hatchbacks or
sedans,[14][15][16] while some high-end
models may be based on a compact cars
(C-segment).[17] Crossovers in this
segment typically have limited off-road
capabilities with the majority adopting
front-wheel-drive layout, although many
subcompact crossovers offer all-wheel-
drive.[18] Depending on the market and the
manufacturer, subcompact crossover
SUVs typically have an exterior length
under 4,400 mm (173.2 in).[19][6]

According to IHS Markit, vehicles from this

segment were considered by customers
as cheap to purchase and run, offer a
"desirable lifestyle styling" and higher
seating position.[3] Other advantages also
include higher ground clearance,
convenient ingress/egress, larger
headroom, and larger legroom space
compared to B-segment/subcompact
hatchbacks.[20][21]

Despite built on the same platforms as

subcompact cars and using much of the
same technology, customers are shown to
be willing to purchase them with a higher
price. A study by JATO Dynamics showed
that average price of subcompact SUVs
sold in 2021 in the European market was
€26,366, compared with €20,699 for
subcompact or small cars.[22]
History

Despite its exterior styling criticism,

the Nissan Juke was argued to have
started the wave of subcompact
crossovers.

The first-generation Honda HR-V was

released in 1998 mainly for the Japanese
and European markets, and has been
considered as one of the first subcompact
crossover.[23] Its exterior length stood
between 4,000–4,110 mm (157.5–
161.8 in), sold with either 3-doors and 5-
doors, and was offered with an all-wheel-
drive option. However, the release of the
Nissan Juke in 2010 which was oriented
towards Europe and North America was
argued to have helped define and start the
development of the almost non-existent
segment at the time.[3]

As the result of the increasing popularity

of the segment, from mid-2010s,
manufacturers began to phase out
subcompact hatchbacks and sedans in
favor of this segment in several markets
since it offers higher profit margins,
particularly in North America.[24]

Due to its expanding market share, it is

common in this segment for one brand to
offer more than one model at different
price points and segmentation. For
example, as of 2022, Volkswagen offered
three models in the segment in Europe,
which are T-Roc, T-Cross, and Taigo.[22]

Criticism

According to tests conducted in the UK by

Which?, vehicles from this class returned
an average of around 7 percent worse fuel
economy and 7 percent higher CO2 tailpipe
emissions than equivalent hatchbacks
such as the Ford Fiesta and Renault Clio,
and was said to be marginally less
efficient than the medium hatchback class
such as the Volkswagen Golf.[25]

Markets

United States

In the North American market where larger

vehicles are preferred, the segment has
been largely marketed to urban drivers and
consumers looking to downsize to a
smaller, more efficient vehicle.[21] While
not as popular as the larger compact
crossovers, the segment has experienced
major growth in the U.S. market in its brief
history.[4]
The Nissan Juke, which was unveiled at
the 2010 New York International Auto
Show to be sold for the 2011 model year
was considered the first model in the
segment, apart from the luxury Mini
Countryman.[26] Many other nameplates in
the segment appeared between 2013 and
2015, which included the Buick Encore,
Chevrolet Trax, Fiat 500X, Ford EcoSport,
Honda HR-V, Jeep Renegade, and Subaru
Crosstrek.[27][28]

In 2015, there were 10 subcompact

crossover nameplates in the U.S., totalling
411,774 units sold or 2.4 percent of the
overall market. In that year, subcompact
crossovers outsold subcompact cars for
the first time in history.[29] In the following
year, the Jeep Renegade was the first in
the segment to cross the 100,000-sales
threshold.[4]

In 2018, the segment consisted of 16

nameplates and recorded 784,073 sales,
capturing 12 percent of the U.S. crossover
market and 4.5 percent of overall U.S.
automobile market, according to the
Automotive News Data Center. In
comparison, the share of subcompact
cars fell to 2.4 percent of the U.S. market
in 2018 from 5.4 percent in 2010, while
compact cars declined to 9.9 percent from
12.4 percent in the same period.[4]

In 2019, the Hyundai Kona became the

first subcompact crossover SUV to win the
North American Utility Vehicle of the
Year.[30] Around 50 percent of subcompact
crossover SUVs sold in the U.S. in 2021
were produced in South Korea.[31]

Top 3 best-sellers in the U.S., 2021[32]

 Honda HR-V (137,090 sold)

Subaru Crosstrek (127,466 sold)

Chevrolet Trailblazer (90,161 sold)

Europe

European figures for B-segment SUV

(including off-roaders) had rapidly
increased during the 2010s. Between 2000
and 2009, sales volume only doubled
60,000 units in 2000 to 125,000 units
according to JATO Dynamics. However,
IHS Markit noted that sales of the
segment in Europe between 2010 and
2016 increased nearly tenfold from
134,000 units to 1.13 million units.[3]
Industry analyst LMC Automotive predicts
sales will reach 2.3 million in 2023 and will
steadily rise to reach almost 3 million by
2028.[22]
In 2010, Nissan introduced the Juke which
was produced in the UK and Japan.[33]
Many other nameplates entered the
market between 2012 and 2013, which
included the Dacia Duster, Chevrolet Trax,
Ford EcoSport, Opel Mokka, Peugeot 2008,
Suzuki SX4 S-Cross, and Renault
Captur.[34][35][36]

Volkswagen entered the segment in 2017

with the release of the Volkswagen T-Roc,
positioned below the Tiguan.[37][38] Other
models such as the Citroën C3 Aircross,
SEAT Arona and Hyundai Kona further
boosted growth in 2017. In that year, B-
SUV accounted for 10 percent of the
overall automobile market.[39]

Several manufacturers have changed their

product mix by introducing subcompact
crossovers to replace mini MPVs in Europe
due to the popularity of the former and the
declining sales of the latter. Models from
the segment was seen a fit replacement
for mini MPVs.[40][41] The examples are the
Citroën C3 Aircross which replaced the
Citroën C3 Picasso and Opel Crossland X
replacing the Opel Meriva.[3][42][43]

According to data from JATO Dynamics,

sales in 2021 totalled 2,018,791 units,
representing 37 percent of the SUV market
and 17 percent of the overall automobile
market.[44] Petrol-powered vehicles
dominated the segment with 72 percent of
sales in the first 10 months of 2021,
followed by diesel at 14 percent. Full-
electric models accounted for 5.1 percent
of sales in the same period.[22] According
to JATO's data for Europe, seven European
car brands that focused their efforts on
developing SUVs, have seen their overall
sales in the B and C segments fall
dramatically between 2001 and 2021.[45]

Top 3 best-sellers in Europe, 2021[46]

 Peugeot 2008 (194,653 sold)

Volkswagen T-Roc (186,644 sold)

Renault Captur (158,580 sold)

India

In India, subcompact crossovers with a

length dimension below 4 m (157.5 in) are
commonly called "subcompact SUVs"[47]
or "compact SUVs"[48][49][50] by journalists,
and the larger ones are usually referred as
"mid-size SUV".[51] The distinction was due
to the Indian vehicle dimensions
regulations which imposes heavier tax for
vehicles longer than 4 m (157.5 in).[52][53]

Renault entered the segment in 2012 when

company saw a gap in the SUV market in
India, which was filled by the Duster. The
vehicle has proven to be a sales success
in its initial release as its major
competitors was from a segment above
and a segment below.[54][55][56] Major
growth of the B-SUV class continued in
between 2015 and 2016, when the
Hyundai Creta (introduced in 2015) and
Maruti Suzuki Vitara Brezza (2016) was
introduced to the market. Sales of B-SUVs
increased 509 percent in January–May
2016 compared to the same period in
2015, while it gained 7.2 percent of overall
market share.[57]

The first mainstream sub-4 metre SUV to

be launched in India was the Ford
EcoSport (in 2012) which was a high-
selling model due to the lack of
competition,[58] followed by the Maruti
Suzuki Vitara Brezza. Soon after, many
other manufacturers followed suit, with 10
models available in the sub-segment as of
2021.[59]

Top 3 best-sellers in India, 2021[60]

 Hyundai Creta (125,437 sold)

Maruti Suzuki Vitara Brezza (115,962 sold)

Tata Nexon (108,577 sold)

China

In 2018, sales of subcompact crossovers

in the country accounts for 19 percent of
the total SUV market.[6] The Baojun 510 is
notable for being the highest-selling newly-
introduced automobile nameplate in
world's history. It received the record in
January 2018 after recording 416,883
sales in its first 12 months in market,
which was said to be the highest in the
world for a new car.[61]

Top 3 best-sellers in China, 2021[62]

Honda XR-V (191,267 sold)

Honda Vezel (155,828 sold)

Geely Binyue (144,367 sold)

Brazil

The segment is commonly known as

"compact SUV" (Portuguese: SUV
compacto) in the country. The Ford
EcoSport is the first model of this segment
when it was introduced in 2003. It is based
on the Ford Fiesta B-segment hatchback
and the Ford Fusion mini MPV. It went on
to become a global model when the
second-generation model was introduced
in 2012,[63] although it lost its segment
market leader status after newcomers
such as the Honda HR-V and Jeep
Renegade was released in 2015.[64]
Top 3 best-sellers in Brazil, 2021[65]

Jeep Renegade (73,927 sold)

Hyundai Creta (64,764 sold)

 Volkswagen T-Cross (62,313 sold)

Australia

In Australia, the segment is known as the

"small SUV",[66] "compact SUV"[67] or "light
SUV"[68] segment. In 2021, it is the third-
largest automobile segment in the market
after pickup trucks and medium SUV at
13.7 percent share.[69] As of 2022, there
are more than 30 models from the
segment being offered in the country.[67]
Three-row vehicles

Optional third row seating in a Kia

Sonet subcompact crossover

Subcompact crossovers with three-row

seating has been developed for various
markets. For example, the SsangYong
Tivoli XLV or Tivoli Air offers third row
seats by extending the rear overhang of
the standard subcompact Tivoli.[70] The
Hyundai Alcazar introduced in 2021 is an
extended Hyundai Creta, with longer
exterior length and wheelbase, and has
been marketed as a vehicle from a
segment above,[71] while the Kia Sonet
offered a third row seating in Indonesia, a
market dominated by three-row vehicles,
without extending the body.[72] The Honda
BR-V has been developed as a three-row,
seven-seater crossover while slotted as a
B-segment SUV.[73]

Luxury vehicles

Numerous luxury car brands produce and

market subcompact crossover SUVs,
usually as an entry-level SUV offering of
the respective brands. They are known by
a variety terms, such as subcompact
luxury crossover SUV, luxury subcompact
SUV, premium small SUV, premium
compact crossover and luxury small
SUV.[74] Subcompact luxury crossover
SUVs are usually based on the platform of
a compact car (C-segment), while some
models are based on a mid-size car (D-
segment) or a subcompact (B-segment)
platform.

Vehicles in this segment are commonly

built on a C-segment car platform or
above. While being significantly more
expensive, they offer similar driving and
convenience advantages as mainstream
subcompact crossover SUVs, with larger
exterior dimensions, more refined interiors,
more advanced technologies, higher
engine power and added prestige.[75] Early
nameplates include the BMW X1
(introduced in 2009), Audi Q3 (2010), Mini
Countryman (2010) and Range Rover
Evoque (2011).[76][77][78]

According to IHS Markit, in 2007, when the

segment was effectively made up of only
the Land Rover Freelander, global sales
stood at 64,500 units. By 2016, sales had
reached 1.147 million units.[79]
The first-generation BMW X1 is based on a
rear-wheel-drive platform shared with the 3
Series

The Range Rover Evoque was available with

five-door, three-door and two-door
convertible body styles
 Lexus UX, built on the same platform as the
compact (C-segment) Toyota Corolla

Related segments

Mini SUV

The Suzuki Jimny is a body-on-frame

4x4 off-roader with a kei car-sized
body.

Mini SUV described the smallest class of

body-on-frame SUVs, often engineered for
off-road use with 4x4 drivetrain.[80][81] At
present, the term is mostly used to
describe subcompact crossovers.[82][83][84]

Crossover city car

The Fiat Panda Cross shared the

same body with the standard Panda,
with additional exterior cladding kits,
increased ground clearance and four-
wheel-drive.

The term "crossover city car", "city

crossover", "urban crossover", or "A-SUV"[6]
has been used for either smaller
subcompact crossovers and A-segment
vehicles or city cars that are designed with
crossover styling, which are smaller than
typical subcompact crossovers. Examples
include the Toyota Aygo X, Hyundai
Casper, Suzuki Ignis, Renault Kwid, Suzuki
Xbee, and the Fiat Panda Cross/City
Cross.[83][85][86] Meanwhile, JATO
Dynamics defines the A-SUV class as
SUVs with an exterior length between
3,900–4,100 mm (153.5–161.4 in).[6]

See also

Crossover (automobile)
Subcompact car
B-segment
Sport utility vehicle
 Car classification

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