Upper digestive bleeding - hematemesis and melena

Hematemesis is vomiting with blood (it is digested, dark

in color, with clots, with the appearance of "coffee
grounds").

Melena is the soft stool with digested blood, black,

shiny (like "pura").

Hematochezia Loss of blood through the rectum, usually

determined by a lower digestive hemorrhage, but can
also be the result of a massive upper digestive
hemorrhage with a rapid transit of blood through the
intestines.

The most common causes are gastro-duodenal ulcers

(non-variceal bleeding) and rupture of esophageal
varices – a complication of liver cirrhosis (variceal
bleeding); they can be accompanied by loss of appetite,
nausea, diffuse abdominal pain in the upper or lower
abdominal floor, dehydrated and pale skin, dizziness,
increased pulse, increased breathing, asthenia, fatigue or
even loss of consciousness.