Upper digestive bleeding - hematemesis and

melena
Hematemesis is vomiting with blood (it is digested,
dark in color, with clots, with the appearance of
"coffee grounds").

Melena is the soft stool with digested blood, black,

shiny (like "pura").

Hematochezia Loss of blood through the rectum,

usually determined by a lower digestive
hemorrhage, but can also be the result of a massive
upper digestive hemorrhage with a rapid transit of
blood through the intestines.

The most common causes are gastro-duodenal

ulcers (non-variceal bleeding) and rupture of
esophageal varices – a complication of liver cirrhosis
(variceal bleeding); they can be accompanied by
loss of appetite, nausea, diffuse abdominal pain in
the upper or lower abdominal floor, dehydrated
and pale skin, dizziness, increased pulse, increased
breathing, asthenia, fatigue or even loss of
consciousness.