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Punjab-G11-Physics-Chapter5(Circular
Motion) - Numerical Problems

9–11 m inutes

1. A tiny laser beam is directed from the Earth to the

Moon. If the beam is to have a diameter of 2.50 m at
the Moon, how small must divergence angle be for the
beam? The distance of Moon from the Earth is 3.8 x
108 m.

Answer:
Known Values:
Diameter of the beam = D = 2.5 m
Distance of the moon from earth = r = 3.8 x 108 m
Unknown values:
Angle of divergence = Ө = ??
Formula applied:
Arc length = D = rӨ :: D/r = Ө
Detailed Calculations:
Putting values in the above formula
Ө = D/r = 2.5/(3.8 x 108)
= 6.6 x 10-9 radians

2. A gramophone record turntable accelerates from

rest to an angular velocity of 45.0 rev min-1 in 1.60 s.
What is its average angular acceleration?

Answer:
Known Values:
Initial angular velocity of turntable = ωi = 0 revs-1

Initial angular velocity = ωf = 45 rev min-1 = 45 x

2π/60 = 1.5π revs-1

Time taken = t = 1.6 sec
Unknown values:
Average angular acceleration = α = ??
Formula applied:
α =(ωf – ωi)/t
Detailed Calculations:
Putting values in the above formula
α = (1.5π - 0)/1.6 = 1.5π/1.6
= 2.95 rad s-2

3. A body of a moment of inertia I = 0.80 kg m2 about

a fixed axis, rotates with a constant angular velocity

of 100 rad s-1. Calculate its angular momentum L and

the torque to sustain this motion.

Answer:
Known Values:
Moment of inertia = I = 0.80 kgm2
Angular velocity = ω = 100 rev s-1
Angular acceleration = α = 0
Unknown values:
Angular momentum = L = ??
Torque = τ = ??
Formula applied:
L = Iω, τ = Iα
Detailed Calculations:
Putting values in the formula for angular momentum
L = Iω = 0.80 x100 = 80 kgm2s-1
= 80 Js
Putting values in the formula for torque
τ = Iα = 0.80 x 0 = 0

4. Consider the rotating cylinder shown in Fig. 5.26.

Suppose that m = 5.0 kg, F = 0.60 N and r = 0.20 m.
Calculate the torque acting on the cylinder, the
angular acceleration of the cylinder.

(Moment of inertia of cylinder = 1/2 mr2)

Answer:
Known Values:
Mass of the cylinder = M = 5.0 kg
Force acting on cylinder = F = 0.6 N
Radius of the cylinder = r = 0.2 m
Angle between force 'F' and moment arm 'r' = Ө =
900
Unknown values:
a) Torque acting on cylinder = τ = ??
b) Angular acceleration = α = ??
Formula applied:
τ = rF sinӨ
Also, τ = Iα
or α = τ/I
But I = τ/(½Mr2)
So, α = τ/(½Mr2)
= 2τ/(Mr2)
Detailed Calculations:
a)
Putting values in the above formula for torque
τ = rF sinӨ
= 0.2 x 0.6 x sin90
= 0.12 x 1
= 0.12 Nm
b)
Now putting values in the formula for angular acceleration
α = 2τ/(Mr2)
= [2 x 0.12] / [5 x 0.22]
= 0.24/0.2
= 1.2 rad s-2

5. Calculate the angular momentum of a star of

mass 2.0 x 1030 kg and radius 7.0 x 105 km. If it
makes one complete rotation about its axis once in 20
days, what is its kinetic energy?

6. A 1000 kg car traveling with a speed of 144 km h-1

round a curve of radius 100 m. Find the necessary
centripetal force.
Answer:
Known Values:
Mass of car = M = 1000 kg
Speed of the car = v = 144 kmh-1 = 144 x 1000 x
1/60 x 1/60 ms-1
= 40 ms-1
Radius of the curved path = r = 100 m
Unknown values:
Centripetal Force = F = ??
Formula applied:
F = mv2/r
Detailed Calculations:
Putting values in the formula
F = mv2/r = 1000 x 402 x 1/100
= 10 x 1600 = 16000 N
= 1.6 x 104 N

7. What is the least speed at which an aeroplane

can execute a vertical loop of 1.0 km radius so that
there will be no tendency for the pilot to fall down at
the highest point?

Answer:
Known Values:
Radius of the vertical loop = r = 1 km = 1000 m
Gravitational acceleration = g = 9.8 ms-2
Unknown values
The speed at which the aeroplane can execute in the
vertical plane = v =?
Formula applied:
The speed at the highest point should be such that it provides
enough centrifugal force to balance the centripetal force (force of
gravity) at the highest point. The formula for the critical orbital
velocity to keep an object in a predefined orbit is;
v = √(gR) or v2 = gR
Detailed Calculations:
Putting values in the formula
v2 = gR = 9.8 x 1000 = 9800
v2 = 9800
v = 99 ms-1 (Taking square root both
sides of the equation)

8. The Moon orbits the Earth so that the same side

always faces the Earth. Determine the ratio of its spin
angular momentum (about its own axis) and its orbital
angular momentum. (In this case, treat the Moon as a
particle orbiting the Earth). Distance between the
Earth and the Moon is 3.85 x 108 m. Radius of the

Moon is 1.74 x 106 m.

Answer:
Known Values:
Distance between earth and the moon = r = 3.85 x
108 m
Radius of the moon = R = 1.74 x 106 m
Angular acceleration = α = 0
Unknown values:
Ratio of the spin and orbital angular momentum =
Ls/Lo ??
Formula applied:
L = Iω
Detailed Calculations:
Spin and orbital angular momentum are given by respective
indices, i.e.
Lo = Ioω and Ls = Isω

Lo = Mr2ω and Ls = (2/5MR2)ω

Ratio is;
Ls/Lo = 2/5 MR2ω x 1/Mr2ω = 2/5 (R/r)2
Putting values;
Ls/Lo = 2/5 (1.74 x 106/3.85 x 108)2

= 2/5 (0.45 x 106-8)2

= 0.081 x 10-4
= 8.1 x 10-6

9. The Earth rotates on its axis once a day. Suppose,

by some process the Earth contracts so that its radius
is only half as large as at present. How fast will it be
rotating then?

Answer:
Known Values:
Time period of the earth = Te = 24 hrs
Radius of the earth = Re
Angular velocity of earth = ωe
Mass of earth of earth = Me
Angular momentum of earth = Le
Unknown values:
Time period of the contracted earth = T = ??
Formula applied:
Conservation of the angular momentum
Detailed Calculations:
L = Le
Iω = Ieωe

(2/5MR2)2π/T = (2/5MRe2)2π/Te

R2/T = Re2/Te

(Re/2)2/T = Re2/Te

Re2/4T = Re2/Te
1/4T = 1/Te
T = Te/4
= 24/4 = 6 hrs
10. What should be the orbiting speed to launch a satellite
in a circular orbit 900 km above the surface of the Earth? (Take
the mass of the Earth as 6.0 x 1024 and its radius as 6400 km )

Answer:
Known Values:
Mass of earth = Me = 6 x 1024 kg
Radius of earth = Re = 6400 km
Distance of the orbit from earth surface = d = 900
km
Gravitational constant G = 6.67 x 10-11 Nm2kg-2
Unknown values:
Orbital speed = v = ??
Formula applied:
v = √(GM/r)
Detailed Calculations:
Putting values in the above formula
v = √(6.67 x 10-11 x 6 x 1024 / 7300 x 103) :: r = Re + d =
6400 + 900 = 7300km
v = √(40.2 x 1024-11-3 / 7300) :: r = 7300 x
103 m
= √(0.0054821 x 104 x 1010)
= √(54.82 x (103)2)
= 7.40 x 103 ms-1
= 7.4 kms-1