2022 Depth Study

Iron is an important structural material that has many uses. The downside to using
iron as a structural material is its ability to rust. According to NACE
International’s International Measures of Prevention, Application, and Economics of
Corrosion Technologies Study (IMPACT), the cost of corrosion, on a global scale, is
estimated to be US$2,505 billion, which is equivalent to 3.4% of the global GDP
(2013). NACE International estimates that “by using available corrosion control
practices, it is estimated that savings of between 15 and 35% of the cost of
corrosion could be realised, i.e., between US$375 and $875 billion annually on a
global basis.”

Corrosion prevention methods:

- Use non-corrosive metals
- use drying agents
- carbon fibre coating
- Galvanising
- Anodic protection
- Cathodic protection
- Electrical current
- plating
- Chemical inhibitors

Chemical inhibitors are substances that slow down a chemical or corrosion reaction.
They are added in small amounts to acids, cooling waters, steam, and other
corrosion causing chemicals. They also carry potential health risks due to their
toxicity. They're used as an alternative to coating and replacing existing
structures with non-corrosive metals such as stainless steel. One advantage of
inhibitors is that they can be implemented without disrupting a process. Inhibitors
can also be used to protect reinforced steel bars within concrete. Major buisnesses
using inhibitors are oil and gas exploration and production, Petroleum refining,
chemical manufacturing, heavy manufacturing, water treatment, and the product
additive industries. This is a completely isolated way of ensuring no rust forms
around any corners or cracks.

reaper of the drifting moon

A strong actid is known as fully dissociate. A weak acid is partially dissociate.

Actids are proton doners while bases are proton receivers. Sulfuric acid:

pH=3
dissociated to produce sulfate ions
[H+]=2.6x10^-4 mol/L
H2SO4+2(H2O)=(2H+)+(SO4)

Any acid with COOH loses the Hydrogen at the end.

Formic acid (HCOOH) has a pH of 4. When it fully dissociates, it produces

[H3O+]=3.6x10^-5 mol/L.
calculate the ka.
Depth study

KSCN and Fe(NO3)3 = Fe(SCN)3 + KNO3

Potassium thiocynate + iron nitrate = iron thiocynate + potassium nitrate

Proposal:

Aim: to model an industrial equilibrium process through the production of iron

thiocyanate from potassium thiocyanate and iron nitrate.

Materials:

50ml of 0.1molL-1 iron nitrate

50ml of 0.1molL-1 potassium thiocynate