AAA Masibay and Eborda FINAL

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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
According to Doerr and Santín (2016), it is very important to acknowledge that it is
not only climate change, but other human actions that increase the fire problem in many
regions of the world. For example, in North America, there has been a huge growth in the
Wildland-Urban Interface (where houses are near or within vegetated areas, such as forest)
over the last few decades. Living surrounded by vegetation may be attractive, but it is the
worst place to build a house from a fire risk perspective.
Doerr and Santín (2016) also added that a key human driver is the change in land-use.
Large areas that used to be agricultural or grazing lands are now abandoned and often
replaced by more flammable forest or shrubland. If you picture for example an abandoned
grassland transitioning (by natural vegetation succession) into dense heathland it is easy to
realise why that makes the fire problem worse.
Moreover, Doerr and Santín (2016) also said that other human factors that contribute
to a worsening fire problem include arson and accidental ignitions, which is how the majority
of fires start in the more densely populated parts of the world. In addition, very aggressive
fire suppression policies over much of the 20th century have removed fire from ecosystems
where it has been a fundamental part of the landscape rejuvenation cycle. That has, in some
regions, led to an excessive build-up of fuels (i.e. vegetation susceptible to burn), and then,
when the “right” conditions for fire happen (dry vegetation, hot temperatures, strong winds)
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those fires are larger, more severe and often unstoppable, as they surpass any suppression
capability.
According to Sanchez (2013), the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) of the Philippines
is a government agency whose role is to suppress and prevent the outbreak of destructive
fires, enforce relevant laws, and provide or help provide emergency medical and rescue
services. But the BFP faces an uphill struggle in the performance of its duties in a
conflagration-prone nation such as the Philippines.
Sanchez added that the country is saddled with aging and/or inadequately installed or
constructed infrastructure, including electrical systems, which thus pose a significant fire
risk. Additionally, the combination of two of the country’s defining characteristics –
extremely hot summers and drenching monsoon seasons – put the country’s inadequate
systems under their own particular sort of pressure year-round. Nor does the BFP get any
respite during the holiday season, either. The Filipino’s addiction to fireworks, especially
during the Christmas season, constitutes a further threat to life, livelihood, and property.
Moreover Sanchez said, “It is no stretch to say that consequently, the BFP has its
work cut out for it. To make matters worse, since its creation, the BFP has come under
scrutiny for having gained something of a reputation for corruption and inefficiency.
However, much effort has also been expended over the years to bring the BFP to the level of
competence and professionalism it needs in order to properly discharge its duties.”
According to Willamor Magbanua (2019), some 28 families lost their homes after 24
houses made of light materials were razed by an hour-long fire that swept through Kalye
Putol, Barangay Poblacion here around 9 a.m. Monday, August 5.

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Captain Marjorie Resurrection (2019), City Fire Marshall, said that the fire originated
from the house of a certain Rodrigo Abelgas and gutted nearby houses. Apart from the
houses, also burned were a pet dog, a sow, three piglets, and three motorcycles. Abelgas
(2019) told fire investigators that he saw the service drop wire of Cotabato Electric
Cooperative catching fire and spreading fast.
Captain Marjorie Resurrection (2019) added a statement that 28 families (140
individuals) were left without a home after the incident and stayed at the City gym last night
and have since relocated to the house of their relatives.
Studying the effectiveness of fire prevention programs implemented by the Bureau of
Fire Protection (BFP) is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, it enables us to assess the impact
of these programs on reducing the incidence of fires. By analyzing historical data and trends,
we can determine whether the implemented measures have contributed to a decline in fire
incidents and associated damages.
Secondly, understanding the level of effectiveness helps in identifying areas of
improvement within the existing fire prevention strategies. This information is essential for
refining and enhancing the programs to address emerging challenges and changing
circumstances. It allows the Bureau to adapt its methods based on empirical evidence and
lessons learned from past experiences.
Furthermore, evaluating the effectiveness of fire prevention programs aids in resource
allocation. By determining which aspects of the programs are most successful, authorities can
allocate resources more efficiently, focusing on initiatives that have proven to be impactful.
This ensures that limited resources are utilized optimally to achieve the maximum benefit in
terms of fire prevention and public safety.

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In addition, studying the effectiveness of these programs provides a basis for
accountability and transparency. It allows stakeholders, including the public and
policymakers, to assess whether taxpayer funds are being used effectively and whether the
Bureau is fulfilling its mandate to protect lives and property from the threat of fires.
Moreover, such studies contribute to the overall body of knowledge in fire prevention
and safety. Findings from these assessments can be shared with other fire protection agencies
globally, fostering a collaborative approach to addressing fire risks and promoting best
practices in fire prevention.
Ultimately, the study of the effectiveness of fire prevention programs is a proactive
measure to ensure the continuous improvement of strategies aimed at safeguarding
communities. It serves as a valuable tool for informed decision-making, enabling the Bureau
of Fire Protection to evolve and adapt to the dynamic nature of fire risks and challenges in
contemporary society.
The implementation of Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) programs in the chosen
barangays of Kidapawan City, North Cotabato, encouraged the researchers to investigate the
level of effectiveness of fire prevention programs implemented by the Bureau of Fire
Protection in Kidapawan City. The study’s findings could in some way be used to gauge how
satisfied the community is with the Bureau of Fire Protection’s (BFP) efforts to prevent fire-
related incidents in Kidapawan City.

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Statement of the Problem
This study was conducted to determine the level of effectiveness of fire prevention
programs implemented by the Bureau of Fire Protection as perceived by the residents of
selected Barangays in Kidapawan City.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the socio- demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex, marital
status, educational attainment, tribe and religion?
2. What is the level of effectiveness fire prevention programs implemented by the Bureau of
Fire Protection as perceived by the residents in selected Barangays in Kidapawan City, in
terms of:
2.1 fire safety enforcement,
2.2 firefighting operations,
2.3 emergency medical services,
2.4 special operations, and
2.5 disaster management?
3. What is the level of fire prevention programs implemented by the Bureau of Fire
Protection as perceived by the residents in selected Barangays in Kidapawan City, in
terms of:
3.1. fire Suppression, and
3.2. fire Prevention?
4. Is there a significant relationship between the level effectiveness fire prevention programs
implemented by the Bureau of Fire Protection as perceived by the residents in selected
Barangays in Kidapawan City?

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Objectives of the Study
Generally, this study was conducted to determine the level effectiveness of fire
prevention programs implemented by the Bureau of Fire Protection as perceived by the
residents of selected Barangays in Kidapawan City.
Specifically, it sought to attain the following objectives which were to:
1. determine the socio- demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex, marital
status, educational attainment, tribe and religion?
2. determine the level of effectiveness fire prevention programs implemented by the Bureau
of Fire Protection as perceived by the residents in selected Barangays in Kidapawan City,
in terms of:
2.1 fire safety enforcement,
2.2 firefighting operations
2.3 emergency medical services
2.4 special operations, and
2.5 disaster Management.
3. determine the level of fire prevention programs implemented by the Bureau of Fire
Protection as perceived by the residents in selected Barangays in Kidapawan City, in
terms of:
3.1. fire suppression, and
3.2. fire prevention.
4. determine if there is there a significant relationship between the level effectiveness fire
residents in selected Barangays in Kidapawan City.

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Significance of the Study
The study provided essential information to the following sectors:
Department of Interior and Local Government, the findings of the study would
give the DILG a valid and reliable information to help the BFP improves the facilities and
equipment for an efficient and effective service of fire prevention and suppression that
destroy the peace and safety of the community.
Local Government Unit, the results of the study would be a good reference to
allocate funds to improve the existing firefighting facilities of the BFP as front liners in times
of unexpected fire incidents in order to secure and protect the welfare of the community.
Bureau of Fire Protection, the results of the study would be very helpful to the
enhancement, improvement, and development of the agency especially during fire responses
or operations. Also, the results of the study would serve as guide and awareness to the
Bureau of Fire Protection in providing and supporting the needs of the BFP personnel in
order for them to have quality or good service to the community especially in responding fire
incidents in unexpected instances.
To the BFP Personnel, the outcome of the study would be helpful in providing and
improving fire prevention response and suppression of destructive fires not only on the city
but also to the different places surround it for it would give them direct information to what
to improve and to enhance in responding fire incidents in order to maintain the safety of
everybody.
To the Criminology Students, the results of the study would give them an
encouragement to pursue their aspiration to become a member of the BFP. Also, the
outcomes of the study would help them to be aware of the works and responsibilities of being
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a Fire fighter not only during fire operation but also in dealing with calamities that may come
in to life.
To the Community, the result of the study would create awareness on the part of the
people in relation to fire prevention and suppression in order to maintain the safety and well-
being of everybody. Also, it would serve as their call that even fire fighters need their help
and unending support so that the community would be at peace and free from unwanted
incidents especially on dealing with fire.
To the Researchers, the results of the study would give them knowledge and
motivation to be a Fire fighter for the reason that they would be given an idea that may
inspire and encourage them to serve well the community. Also, this study would give them
interest to seek more related study to start with and would contribute to the welfare of the
society.
To the Future Researchers Especially the Criminology Students, this study would
be beneficial for them as their guide or reference in the future researches and would give
them idea to what enhancement and improvement would be done.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
The study focused on the level of effectiveness of the BFP's fire prevention programs
as perceived by residents of selected Barangays in Kidapawan City specifically Barangay
Lanao, Poblacion, Singao, Perez and Magsaysay. The study's respondents were 100
randomly selected residents of selected Barangays in Kidapawan City. The study
concentrated on the Bureau of Fire Protection's programs for Fire Safety Enforcement,
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Firefighting Operations, Emergency Medical Services, Special Operations, Disaster
Management, Fire Prevention, and Fire Suppression.
Operational Definition of Terms
The following terms were defined operationally to be easily understood:
Barangay - a small territorial and administrative district forming the most local level of
government.
Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) - is the government body in the Philippines responsible for
the provision of fire services. It is under the jurisdiction of the Department of the
Interior and Local Government.
Conflagration - an extensive fire which destroys a great deal of land or property.
Disaster Management - it is the process of how we “prepare for, respond to and learn from
the effects of major failures”. Though often caused by nature, disasters can have
human origins.
Effectiveness - the degree to which something is successful in producing a desired result;
success.
Emergency Medical Services -are emergency services that provide urgent pre-hospital
treatment and stabilization for serious illness and injuries and transport to definitive
care.
Fire - the rapid oxidation of a material (the fuel) in the exothermic chemical process of
combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products.
Fire Fighting -the act of extinguishing or preventing the spread of unwanted fires from
threatening human lives and destroying property and the environment.

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Fire Safety -is the set of practices intended to reduce the destruction caused by fire.
Fire Suppression - a collective term for any engineering group of units that are designed to
put out a fire.
Prevention- the action of stopping something from happening or arising.
Programs - a set of related measures or activities with a particular long-term aim.
Residents - a person who lives somewhere permanently or on a long-term basis.

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Theoretical Framework
Primarily, this study had its support from Republic Act 9514 or the "Fire Code of the
Philippines of 2008", particularly the enforcement and adherence of standard fire prevention
and safety measures (Republic Act No. 9514). The “hazard barrier target model" developed
by William Haddon Jr. (Haddon, 1973) also became the anchor for this study. The “hazard-
barrier-target model" is a systematic integration of risk reduction of accident reduction
strategies. Hazard refers to a condition, or activity that can potentially cause harm or damage,
including injuries to humans, damage to equipment, properties, or environment, or reduced
ability to act as intended. Barrier refers to procedures that prevent undesired outcomes or
reduce the likelihood of their occurrence, as well as maintaining the desired State. Target
may be a person, object, or place selected as the aim of an attack. In essence, the hazard-
barrier-target model is a system safety assessment method that identifies hazards and
evaluates controls that can prevent the event from occurring. The barrier approach expresses
the system control with a hazardous energy source, potentially leading to damage, either to
equipment or personnel.
In addition, the BFP Operational Procedures Manual (2015) is composed of six (6)
sections, each representing a group of fire operation procedures, to wit: Fire Safety
Enforcement, Firefighting Operations, Emergency Medical Services, Special Operations, and
Disaster Management.
However, from these premises came the safety theory, illustrated through a Swiss
Cheese Model developed by Reason (1997). The basis of the safety theory was the
impression that an approach of defense-in-depth can avoid accidents. Put differently, there is
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more than one barrier in a system that may have faults and failures. The faults and failures in
the barriers can cause the occurrence of untoward incidents.
Moreover, Reason illustrated this in an intuitive illustration of a “Swiss Cheese,”
where the cheese holes presented failure in the barrier and rightly called the Swiss Cheese
Model. If the hazards transit through the holes (gaps), it can convert to either a severe
incident or a system's failure. Reason also distinguished between terms (latent failure) and
(active failure). Latent failure is a functional barrier failure due to unknown causes. It is not
observable. Active failure, on the other hand, is an operational loss that occurs during the
execution of barrier functions and is observable (Reason, 1997).
Additionally, another useful theory for this study was the Protection Motivation
Theory (PMT) developed by Rogers (1975). Roger’s goal was to describe man’s motivation
to react to protect himself from any perceived health threat. This study contextualizes PMT
as the building owners’ motivation to comply with the building standards to avoid the
impending dangers of fires resultant from non-compliance with the building code (Rogers,
1975).
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Conceptual Framework
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable Fire Prevention Programs
Effectiveness Fire Prevention Implemented By The Bureau Of
Programs Fire Protection
 Fire Safety Enforcement  Fire Prevention

 Firefighting Operations, and  Fire Suppression
 Emergency Medical Services
 Special Operations
 Disaster Management
Figure 1. The conceptual framework showing therelationship between the independent and
dependent variables of the study.
Hypothesis of the Study
Ho1: There was no significant relationship between Fire Prevention Programs Implemented
by the Bureau of Fire Protection on the Effectiveness of Fire Prevention Programs.

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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
The literature review or excerpt in the study consisted of the different programs
implemented by the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) such as Fire Safety Enforcement, Fire
Fighting Operations, Emergency Medical Services, Special Operations, Disaster
Management, Fire Prevention, and Fire Suppression.
Effectiveness of Fire Prevention Programs
According to IAFC & NFPA (2012), Effective fire prevention programs can prevent
fires and save lives. What is fire prevention? Very simply put, fire prevention is stopping the
fire before it starts. Traditionally, there were the three E’s of fire prevention, which are
Education, Enforcement and Engineering. Education refers to the education of the public
relating to fire safety, in order to change behavior in hopes that people will eliminate or
minimize their own risk associated with fire in their own homes and in the workplace.
Enforcement refers to the development, adoption and enforcement of national standards and
model codes relating to building construction, electrical installations and fire codes. These
codes and standards were developed, in whole or in part, to prevent fires in private homes,
commercial occupancies and places of assembly. The third E is Engineering, which is the
eliminating, mitigating or minimizing hazards through design. This engineering phase of fire
prevention can be passive, like compartmentalization of possible fire areas, or active, such as
automatic fire suppression systems. These are things that are built into the system that allow
the people the ability to escape and the building the potential to survive as well. There are an
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additional 2 Es, which are Economic incentive and Emergency response. We can try to
appeal to their pocketbook, and when all else fails, we can attempt to minimize the damage
with an emergency response. At that point the damage is done, and lives may have already
been lost. A fire prevented can and should be a non-event, which means that there is nothing
or very little to report. So how do we determine the effectiveness of Fire prevention? We
must look at risk assessments, public fire education programs, fire inspection programs, fire
investigations, code development and plans review and measure the correlations of
conducting these programs with the positive and or negative effects as a result. This article
will examine the evaluation of fire prevention effectiveness.
In addition, NFPA (2016) added that the National Fire Protection Association’s
NFPA 1730 Standard on Organization and Development of Fire Prevention Inspection and
Code Enforcement, Plan Review, Investigations and Public Education Operations outlines
how fire prevention programs are to be operated, but also outlines means of evaluation for
fire prevention programs. NFPA 1730 recommends beginning any fire prevention program
with a community risk assessment, which identifies those in need and helps to focus
resources and establish target groups for fire prevention program delivery. The community
risk assessment includes; geography, demographics, socioeconomics, building stock, fire
experience and known hazards, which should be reevaluated every 5 years. Reports and
records must be maintained in accordance with national standards and best practices,
including statistical data. This data is analyzed periodically to ensure that the target is
reached and that a desired effect is measured.
According to Shelbyville Fire Department (2016) In 2003, the Shelbyville Fire
Department, in Shelbyville TN, began a comprehensive fire prevention program, which

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included public fire and life safety education, commercial building inspections, fire safety
plans review and cause and origin investigations, Statistical data collected from incident
reporting shows a 26% reduction in structure fires over a ten year period, from 2003 – 2013.
This data suggests a positive measurable effect over a period of time, which indicates a
negative correlation between fire prevention efforts and the number of structure fires. As fire
prevention efforts increased, structure fires decreased. In addition, there was a 40% reduction
in the number of injuries associated with fires in Shelbyville TN over the same ten year
period.
Moreover, Folz, Myers, & West (2010) stated that in 2009, the State of Tennessee
conducted a fire mortality study, which serves as a risk assessment relating to fire deaths for
the entire state. This study cross-referenced data from tax records, census records and fire
incident records, which not only identified high risk groups, but also identified the general
areas (census tracts) where fatal fires were the most likely to occur. Recommendations from
the Tennessee Fire Service leadership suggested a fire prevention campaign that focused on
those high risk areas. There have been some surprising and very successful results. The “Get
Alarmed” program began in 2011, which trained firefighters and community volunteers to
install smoke alarms. To date, Tennessee has installed over 100,000 duel sensor smoke
alarms with a 10 year lithium battery (Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance,
2016). As a result of focused fire prevention in the State of Tennessee, between 2011 and
2014, there has been a 20.6% reduction in reported structure fires and a 25.7% reduction in
fire deaths (Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance, 2016).
According to a study conducted by the Fire Protection Research Foundation (2008)
determined that 25.2% of fire departments within the United States do not conduct fire
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inspections. The research group developed a fire risk calculation to analyze NFIRS data,
which is R=F*C where R is the risk of fire, F is the frequency or number of fires and C is the
Consequence or the casualties + the dollar loss. To measure inspection effectiveness they
developed the calculation R=F(C) + F(D)/P, which is Risk= the Frequency of fires x the
number of Casualties + Frequency of fires x Dollar loss / the Population in thousands. This
calculation should show the reduction of risk or the increase of risk over time, taking into
account population increases, and give a measurable number to fire code related inspections.
In addition, Bellido, Quiroz, & Panizo (2009) added that there have been several
engineering studies that show the specific effectiveness of different engineering methods
designed to measure the effectiveness of fire protection. In the MGM Grand fire, smoke
filled the stairway, which contributed to the death of dozens of people above the fire floor.
The Performance Assessment of Pressurized Stairs in High Rise Buildings gives very
specific calculations in the smoke proofing of stairs.
Capote, Alvear, & Abreu (2009) also added that other simulations learn the specifics
of and can determine the effects of smoke spread. Moreover, Fridolf, Nilsson, &Frantzich
(2013) stated that there are fire models that use complex calculations to determine how many
people can be safely and effectively evacuated from occupied spaces, even underground
spaces. Hjohlman, Andersson, & Hees (2011) also added that the combustibility, flame
spread and smoke generation can be accurately predicted for different construction methods
and materials used. Overholt & Ezekoye, (2015) states that these engineering factors
combined can be used to form a fire scenario based fire modeling system, which will show
how individual occupancies and buildings will be able to compartmentalize and mitigate
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hostile fires while facilitating occupant evacuation. This demonstrates the benefit and
effectiveness of engineering based, or the third E of fire prevention.
Fire Safety Enforcement
According to Gandia (2008), in his thesis entitled “Fire Prevention Program of the
Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) in Urdaneta City”, he evaluated the Fire Prevention Program
particularly the enforcement phase of the BFP in the City of Urdaneta during the period of
2006 to 2007, as to whether it was fully implemented or not. It is also determined the extent
of compliance by the business/building owners/occupants to the standard of the Fire Code of
the Philippines assessed by the BFP Personnel of the Urdaneta City and level of effectiveness
in the implementation of the Fire Prevention Program as perceived by the BFP Personnel and
resident of the City. The study shows that on the conduct of fire safety inspection as a
requirement to the grant of permits/licenses, for the occupancy of the building and
installation of Fire Protection and fire safety equipment, the personnel and residents have the
same descriptive rating of the “high.” Perception with regards to the level of effectiveness of
the Fire Prevention Program on fire safety requirements to business, structures and their
premises or facilities BFP Personnel rate it high compared to the residents with moderate.
Extent of Compliance to the Fire Code of the Philippines, the BFP Personnel assessed the
compliance standards as high.
According to Cervantes and Soriano (2011), in the study entitled “Performance of the
Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP): Contributions to Fire Management”, fires are one of the few
calamities of which people can prevent. Besides the effort of the Bureau of Fire Protection
and the passing of the Revise Fire Code or RA 9514 in 2008, fires are still one of the leading
man-made disasters in the Philippines.

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Further More In 2011, there had already been several fires like the incident on
February 7 which left 3000 families homeless. Other than that, most establishments, most
notably in Baguio, are fire safety violators (Dar, 2011). These incidents bring into question
the effectiveness of the action and programs of the BFP in terms of their response to fire
emergencies. The study assessed the effectiveness of the BFP’s response method, campaigns
and projects, and came up with proposals that would increase the effectiveness of fire
management in the country.
Moreover, Velasco (2013), stated in his study entitled “Epidemiological Assessment
of Fires in the Philippines, 2010-2012”. He stated that fires are the most costly preventable
emergency in the Philippines but are relatively unstudied. Fires were a greater problem from
2010 to 2012 and affected the same geographic locations. A total of 883 fires and 824 fire-
related casualties were reported, majority of which occurred throughout November to March,
were more frequent from midnight to 3 a.m., and most often involved residential areas. No
improvement in the fire situation was noted for 2010 to 2012. Thus, there is a need to review
present local and national efforts at fire prevention and control. Further research and analysis
of causes and determinants of fire would provide more useful information for fire prevention
policy and planning in the Philippines. From the gathered previous study and literature both
foreign and local, it can be observed that if the community is equipped with the knowledge
regarding fire safety programs, they can achieve a free-fire community.
In addition, the study of Canas, et al., (2016) revealed that the firefighting facilities of
the fire station were moderately adequate and some did not conform to be standard set by the
National Fire Protection entitled “firefighting capability”. The study of Cervantes and
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Soriano (2011), in the study entitled “Performance of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP):
Contributions to Fire Management”, fires are one.
Fire Fighting Operations
The bureau of fire protection was created by virtue of R.A. 6975 this bureau is under
the Department of Interior and Local Government. It adheres to the principles of promoting
fire safety, prevention, suppression and the investigation of fire occurrence, insuring
provision of emergency, medical and rescue services and enhancing the active participation
of the general public.
According to the Manual of the BFP fires (2001), the BFP shall develop efficient and
responsive firefighters. With outmost responsibility, integrity, competence, loyalty and
honesty, respect to human rights and concern to the protection of lives, property,
environment and national heritage.
Manual of the BFP fires (2001) also added that fire accidents always happen with a
cause. The common cause of fire is carelessness, discarded cigarette, careless disposition of
combustible materials, poorly managed or defective heating facilities, spontaneous
combustion arising from the storage of articles in poorly ventilated places, explosion from
petroleum products, sunrays focus on glasses which may serve as a convex lens and lightings
spark, overheating and electrical defects. Rule 9 of P.D. 1185 provides the general guidelines
for the organization, equipage, operation and proficiency training of company and
community fire brigades. Aside from the BFP firefighters, there are private companies and
individuals who voluntarily organize to assist the department in firefighting prevention and
suppression. It is based in the companies in the localities for immediate action whenever
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there are outbreaks of fire. With this, fire is suppressed immediately if the outbreak is on
small scale, but if the outbreak is large then the BFP is always ready to perform their duties.
Fire brigades are also equipped with firefighting equipment and fire brigade volunteers who
have undergone rigid training in firefighting.
Emergency Medical Services
According to Page, Sbat, Vasquez, Yalcin, (2013), Considerable knowledge, skill,
and judgment are required to provide quality emergency medical services. High quality
emergency medical services and first responders are an important part of any health care
system. Many studies of pre-hospital services place greater emphasis on human factors,
efficiency and continuous refinement of standards of practice.
In addition, the lack of trained pre-hospital providers, modern equipment, and
ambulance vehicles accounts for the challenges and short comings to provide quality
emergency medical services. The BFP mission is to prevent and suppress destructive fires,
investigate its causes, give emergency medical and rescue services, and enforce other fire
related laws with the active involvement of the community. Its purpose is to ensure
operational readiness of the EMS team on duty. (BFP Operational Procedures Manual, 2015).
However, Maurtua (2017) stated that in an effort to reinforce the BFP to act as a first
responder to both fire alarms and other medical emergency calls, a new strategy is being put
in place. A bill proposed by house leader’s calls for fire stations to have trained paramedics
added on duty at all times to be a requirement. The bill was intended to make the BFP’s staff
better trained and equipped when responding to accidents, medical emergencies calls, or even
terror attacks. It would offer selective training for the nation’s next generation of firefighters
as certified paramedics or emergency medical technicians.

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According to the Negros Daily Bulletin (2016), reports that the BFP has evolved from
firefighters to emergency medical responders to rescue teams after twenty five years. From
its original mandate of just being mere fire prevention and fire suppression, the BFP now is a
multi-faceted bureau whose functions other than fire prevention and fire suppression now
include emergency medical service and fire rescue.
Special Operations
According to the BFP Operational Manual (2015), water rescue operations are
dangerous thus training, drills and equipage is necessary. Likewise, no untrained BFP
personnel shall take part in this SAR operation due to its inherent risks. Constant situational
awareness shall be observed. The first arriving unit shall assume command of the incident.
This unit shall remain in command until command is transferred to a higher authority.
In addition, BFP Operational Manual (2015) said that cave-ins also pose the greatest
risk and are much more likely than other excavation-related accidents to result in worker
fatalities. Other potential hazards include falls, falling loads, hazardous atmospheres, and
incidents involving mobile equipment. Because of the inherent danger on this type of
operations, BFP Response Team is required to possess advanced knowledge and training in
atmospheric monitoring, shoring, and technical rope rescue and confined space rescue
operations.
Moreover, BFP Operational Manual (2015) also stated that another Special Operation
of the BFP is a vehicular accident rescue operation in which they remove and save the
life/lives of the victim/s trapped inside a wrecked vehicle resulting from an accident and
bring them into safety.
Disaster Management
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According the BFP Operational Manual (2015), The BFP ensures operational
readiness for disaster management response operations by maintaining personnel efficiency
level through trainings and capability enhancement activities, and provision of adequate and
effective response tools and equipment.
The BFP Operational Manual (2015) also stated that Disaster Response Teams of all
fire stations - perform the required actions to be done before, during, and after an earthquake.
Volunteer Fire Brigades and other force multipliers - support the BFP DRT in the conduct of
disaster response. Disaster Response Teams of all fire stations - respond to the damaging
effects of landslides. Volunteer Fire Brigades and other force multipliers - support the BFP
DRT in the conduct of disaster response.
Fire Prevention Programs Implemented by the Bureau Of Fire Protection
Fire prevention programs and education are an important part of keeping a
community fire prevention programs and education are important part of keeping the
community safe. There are many hazardous and dangerous materials and activities that
happen in day to day work activities. Inspectors working with companies throughout the
community can ensure that they are taking the necessary precautions to keep themselves and
their workers safe. Community fire prevention programs can provide a lot of positive
activities and information to the children, parents, and citizens of a town or city. These
opportunities can provide a base of knowledge about fire prevention, safety, and risks. The
unified Fire Prevention Programs of the Bureau of Fire Protection in the Philippines varies
implementation from one location to another.
Fire Prevention
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In support of Fire Prevention Month this March, Aboitiz Power Corporation
(AboitizPower) underscores the importance of mitigating fire hazards and risks in its
workplaces and power plants for the safety of its most valuable asset: its team members.
According to Carlos Aboitiz, (2023), he said that “With our purpose of transforming
energy for a better world, our decisions and strategies begin close to home — making a better
world for our team members by ensuring first and foremost their safety while they work,”
AboitizPower will synergize its safety, health, and environment (SHE) offices to instil fire
safety among its team members and within the places it operates in.
Moreover, Aboitiz (2023) also added that, there will be seminars and information
campaigns to encourage best practices in fire prevention, not just in workspaces, but also in
our respective homes and communities. AboitizPower is one with the country in its
observance of Fire Prevention Month, especially since electrical safety and fire safety are
linked.
According to the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP). The Philippines observes Fire
Prevention Month in March every year since it is when most fire incidents in the country
occur. Faulty electrical connections are among the top causes of fire incidents.
Moreover, AboitizPower President and Chief Executive Officer Emmanuel “Manny”
Rubio (2023) said that, “Fire safety is everyone’s responsibility. In AboitizPower, we are
happy to partner with the BFP and other local fire brigades to spread awareness and
education about fire prevention.”
Rubio (2023) also added that, “Whether it’s fire safety specifically or safety in
general, this matter is a team effort, and it's up to all of us — from the government, private
sector, and community organizations — to do our part in preventing fires and protecting
25
lives.” He also added that AboitizPower believes that transforming energy for a better world
begins at the individual level. Propagating its best practices in safety out to society starts with
its team members embracing safety as a mindset and culture.
Fire Suppression
According to CLM Fireproofing (2020), the sole objective of a fire suppression
system is to extinguish a fire as quickly as possible. Once occupants are alerted to the
presence of a fire, the system will begin to emit a concentrated substance to suppress the
flames. The exact nature of this substance can vary, based on the environment the system is
designed to protect. Common examples include carbon dioxide and inert gas, as well as a
range of both liquid and dry chemical agents.
In addition, CLM Fireproofing (2020) also added that one of the defining features of
fire suppression systems is that they don’t use water. The only exception is water mist
suppression systems, which we explore in our article on fire protection and suppression
technologies. For this reason, fire suppression systems are often used in spaces which are
particularly susceptible to water damage, such as rooms with large amounts of electrical
equipment. Fire suppression systems also tend to be installed in galleries and museums, as
they usually contain highly valuable and fragile materials.
Moreover, CLM Fireproofing (2020) also stated that fire suppression is the final
measure put in place to fight the spread of fire. In this context, we can understand fire
prevention, protection, and suppression as a three-stage process, with each stage containing
specific measures to prevent and fight fires. Therefore, we have a responsibility to regularly
review and assess each part of the system, so we can quickly identify risks and rectify any
damage or neglect.
26
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter described the method and procedure of securing and analyzing the data
in the study. It included the research locale and respondents of the study, sampling size, and
sampling technique, research instruments, research procedure and statistical tool.
Research Method
The descriptive survey and correlational research method were used in the study.
Descriptive research was used to analyzed, interpret and summarize the socio-demographic
profile of the respondents, level of effectiveness of fire prevention programs implemented by
the Bureau of Fire Protection as perceived by the residents of selected Barangays of
Kidapawan City in terms of fire safety enforcement, firefighting operations, emergency
medical services, special operations, disaster management, fire prevention, and fire
suppression.
Correlational research was used to determine the relationships between the level of
effectiveness of fire prevention programs and the level of fire prevention programs
implemented by the Bureau of Fire Protection.
Locale and Respondents of the Study

27
This study was conducted in Kidapawan City. The respondents of this study were one
hundred (100) residents in the selected Barangays in Kidapawan City namely Barangay
Lanao, Poblacion, Singao, Perez and Magsaysay.
Research Instrument
The research instrument used in gathering the data in the study was a checklist
questionnaire. Part I deal with the socio-demographic profiles of the respondents. Part II deal
with the level of effectiveness of fire prevention programs implemented by the Bureau of
Fire Protection as perceived by the residents of selected Barangays in Kidapawan City in
terms of Fire Safety Enforcement, Fire Fighting Operations, Emergency Medical Services,
Special Operations, Disaster Management, Fire Prevention, and Fire Suppression.
Sampling Size and Sampling Technique
The sampling size of the study was one hundred (100) residents of selected barangays
in Kidapawan City. The sampling procedure used was a random sampling technique.
Research Procedure
The researchers made a permission letter which was noted by their adviser and
approved by the Dean of Criminology Department. The letter was addressed to the President
of the Association of Barangay Captains in Kidapawan City to allow researchers to conduct
the actual survey to the respondents of this study. After the letter was approved, researchers
personally visited the aforementioned place to distribute the questionnaires to the
respondents and facilitated the data gathering. The gathered data through questionnaires were
28
scored, recorded and classified with the guidance of a statistician. The results were analyzed
and interpreted based on the purpose of the study.
Statistical Tool
The data was analyzed through descriptive statistics using frequency counts,
percentage, weighted mean and Pearson’s r for test of relationship. Whereas the weighted
mean {X} was a kind of average. Each data point contributed equally to the final mean, and
Pearson-r was used to measure the linear correlation between two variables.
Formula:
1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution

f
%= x100
N
Where:
% = Percent
f = Frequency
N= Number of Respondents
2. Weighted Arithmetic Mean
Σfx
X=
f
Where:
X̅ = Weighted arithmetic mean

29
fx= Sum of all the products of f and x where f is the frequency of each score and x is
the weight of each score.
f= Sum of all the respondents
3. The Pearson – r Correlation
Also refers to the Pearson- r, Pearson product- moment correlation coefficient
(PPMCC) or bivariate correlation is a measure of the linear correlation between two variable
X and Y.
4. Likert’s five-point scale was used to determine the level of effectiveness of fire
residents of selected Barangays in Kidapawan City as follows:
Scale Descriptive Index Interval

5 Strongly Agree 4.5 - 5.0
4 Agree 3.5 – 4.49
3 Moderately Agree 2.5 – 3.49
2 Disagree 1.5 – 2.49
1 Strongly Disagree 1.0 – 1.49
30
CHAPTER IV
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presented the analysis and interpretation of the data gathered intended to
check the level of effectiveness of fire prevention programs implemented by the Bureau of
Fire Protection as perceived by the residents of selected Barangays of Kidapawan City.
Socio-Demographic Profile of the Respondents
Table 1 presented the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents such as
age, sex, marital status, educational attainment, tribe, and religion.
Age. The age distribution of respondents ranged from 18 to 41 years old and above.
Out of the 100 respondents, 38 (38%) were in the 31-35 age bracket, 30 (30%) were in the
26-30 age bracket, followed by 19 (19%) who were 41 years old and above. The 36-40 age
bracket had eight (8%) respondents, and the 18-25 age bracket had five (5%) respondents.
Sex. Result revealed that in terms of the sex of the respondents, there were more
males with 67 (67%) respondents than females with 33 (33%) respondents.
Table 1. Socio-demographic Profile of Respondents, November 2023.

31
Profile Frequency Percent

N=100
Age
18-25 years old 5 5
26-30 years old 30 30
31-35 years old 38 38
36-40 years old 8 8
Table 1 continued….
Profile Frequency Percent
N=100
41 years old and above 19 19
Total 100 100

Sex
Male 67 67
Female 33 33
Total 100 100
Marital Status
Single 29 29
Married 52 52
Widow/Widower 6 6
Separated 13 13
Total 100 100
Educational Attainment
High School Graduate 37 37
College Level 42 42
College Graduate 21 21
Masteral Holder 0 0
Total 100 100
Tribe
Cebuano 63 63
32
Ilonggo 7 7
Maguindanaon 4 4
Tagalog 2 2
Maranao 11 11
Iranon 4 4
Ilocano 9 9
Profile Frequency Percentage
Others 0 0
Total 100 100
Religion
Roman Catholic 72 72
Islam 19 19
Protestant 9 9
Others 0 0
Total 100 100
Marital status. In terms of marital status, the results revealed that majority of the
respondents were married, comprising 52 (52%) individuals. Additionally, 29 (29%)
respondents were reported as single, while 13 (13%) were separated and six (6%) were
widowed.
Educational attainment. Educational attainment: Out of the 100 respondents, 42
(42%) were college-level of education, 37 (37%) were high school graduates, followed by 21
(21%) who were college graduates. There were no respondents in the master's degree holder
bracket.
Tribe. Out of the 100 respondents, 63 (63%) identified as Cebuano, 11 (11%) were
Maranao, nine (9%) were Ilocano, 7 (7%) were Ilonggo, four (4%) were Maguindanaon and
Iranon, and two (2%) were Tagalog. No respondents belonged to other ethnic groups.
33
Religion. Out of the 100 respondents, 72 (72%) were identified as Roman Catholics,
19 (19%) were Islam, and nine (9%) were Protestants.
Level of Effectiveness of Fire Prevention Programs Implemented by

the Bureau of Fire Protection as Perceived by the Residents of
Selected Barangays of Kidapawan City in Terms
of Fire Safety Enforcement
Table 2 showed the level of effectiveness of fire prevention programs implemented
by the Bureau of Fire Protection as perceived by the residents of selected Barangays of
Kidapawan City in terms of Fire Safety Enforcement. Statement number six (6) got a
weighted mean of 4.81 (Strongly Agree) which stated that “BFP compulsory briefing/
orientation of all new tenants and/ or occupants on the fire safety program of the building
within one (1) month upon regular employment in any office/business within the building,
facility, or structure to ensure that all new tenants will know the fire safety precaution.”, it
was followed by statement number one (1) which got a weighted mean of 4.55 (Strongly
Agree) which stated that “Creation of a fire brigade organization with a Certificate of
Competency (COC) of members issued by the BFP to have support from the community.”
Statement number two (2) got a weighted mean of 4.55 (Strongly Agree) which stated
that “The BFP conducts the fire evacuation drill quarterly with the corresponding
certification to educate volunteers about first-aid response and to give them right to give first-
aid or response in the future.”, statement number three (3) with a weighted mean of 4.4
(Agree) which stated that “The BFP conducts education and training of staff in fire safety
arrangements in particular, evacuation procedures and drills that can help staff to have more
34
knowledge on how to respond and create more strategies for enforcing the law properly.”,
statement number seven (7) with a weighted mean of 4.24 (Agree) which stated that
“Conduction of Fire Safety Education to educate the community about the fire safety
precautions and laws that BFP enforces and their campaigns.”, statement number four (4) got
a weighted mean of 4.11 (Agree) which stated that “BFP provides comprehensible and
relevant information to staff and others, through the provision and availability of emergency
instructions or fire safety plans and the risks identified by relevant risk assessment.”. Lastly,
statement number five (5) got a weighted mean of 4.03 (Agree) which stated that “BFP’s
quarterly/ six monthly/ annual premises fire safety inspection will be carried out so that there
will be monitoring of fire safety precautions in buildings or other establishments”. The
statement above mentioned from table 2 gathered a total grand mean of 4.4 with a descriptive
index of Agree.
Table 2. Level of effectiveness of fire prevention programs implemented by the Bureau

of Fire Protection as perceived by the residents of selected Barangays of
Kidapawan City in terms of Fire Safety Enforcement, November 2023.
Statement Weighted Descriptive
Mean Index
1. Creation of a fire brigade organization with a
Certificate of Competency (COC) of members 4.64 Strongly Agree
issued by the BFP to have support from the
community.
2. The BFP conducts the fire evacuation drill
quarterly with the corresponding certification to 4.55 Strongly Agree
educate volunteers about first-aid response and to
give them right to give first-aid or response in the
future.
3. The BFP conducts education and training of staff in
fire safety arrangements in particular, evacuation
procedures and drills that can help staff to have 4.4 Agree
more knowledge on how to respond and create
more strategies for enforcing the law properly.
4. BFP provides comprehensible and relevant
information to staff and others, through the
35
provision and availability of emergency 4.11 Agree

instructions or fire safety plans and the risks
identified by relevant risk assessment.
5. BFP’s quarterly/ six monthly/ annual premises fire
safety inspection will be carried out so that there 4.03 Agree
will be monitoring of fire safety precautions in
buildings or other establishments.
Statement Weighted Descriptive Index
Mean
6. BFP compulsory briefing/ orientation of all new
tenants and/ or occupants on the fire safety program
of the building within one (1) month upon regular 4.81 Strongly Agree
employment in any office/business within the
building, facility, or structure to ensure that all new
tenants will know the fire safety precaution.
7. Conduction of Fire Safety Education to educate the
community about the fire safety precautions and 4.24 Agree
laws that BFP enforces and their campaigns.
Grand Mean 4.4 Agree
Legend:
4 Agree 3.5 – 4.49
2 Disagree 1.5 – 2.49

of Fire Fighting Operations
Table 2.a showed the level of effectiveness of fire prevention programs implemented
Kidapawan City in terms of Fire Fighting Operations. Statement number four (4) got a
weighted mean of 4.62 (Strongly Agree) which stated that “Conduct crash/rescue operations,
36
provide support for normal flight and maintenance operations, and support medical-
evacuation operations to avoid delayed response or to respond immediately.”, it was followed
by statement number three (3) which got a weighted mean of 4.61 (Strongly Agree) which
stated that “Provide water resupply to the fire-fighting teams to avoid delays and to respond
immediately.”
Statement number one (1) got a weighted mean of 4.43 (Agree) which stated that
“Provide first - responder- level medical response and assistance to victims to prevent sudden
health effects.”, statement number two (2) with a weighted mean of 4.24 (Agree) which
stated that “Set up, operate, and maintain a 24-hour-a-day fire department communications
network to render necessary assistance in enforcing the law.”, statement number six (6) with
a weighted mean of 4.14 (Agree) which stated that “Provide fire-fighting protection against
grass or brush fires within their assigned area of responsibility when augmented by combat
or construction engineer soldiers to prevent possible disaster.”, statement number five (5) got
a weighted mean of 4.10 (Agree) which stated that “Plan for fire defense on an installation to
ensure effective and fast fire response in a possible disaster.”. Lastly, statement number
seven (7) got a weighted mean of 3.79 (Agree) which stated that “Adequate training in
general military and contingency skills, priorities, tactic, strategies, and procedures to enforce
the law properly and correctly.” The statement above mentioned from table 2.a gathered a
grand mean of 4.27 with a descriptive index of Agree.

37
Table 2.a Level of effectiveness of fire prevention programs implemented by the Bureau
Kidapawan City in terms of Fire Fighting Operations, November 2023.
Mean Index
1. Provide first - responder- level medical response
and assistance to victims to prevent sudden health 4.43 Agree
effects.
2. Set up, operate, and maintain a 24-hour-a-day fire
department communications network to render 4.24 Agree
necessary assistance in enforcing the law.
3. Provide water resupply to the fire-fighting teams to
avoid delays and to respond immediately. 4.61 Strongly Agree
4. Conduct crash/rescue operations, provide support
for normal flight and maintenance operations, and
support medical-evacuation operations to avoid 4.62 Strongly Agree
delayed response or to respond immediately.
5. Plan for fire defense on an installation to ensure
effective and fast fire response in a possible 4.10 Agree
disaster.
6. Provide fire-fighting protection against grass or
brush fires within their assigned area of
responsibility when augmented by combat or 4.14 Agree
construction engineer soldiers to prevent possible
disaster.
7. Adequate training in general military and
contingency skills, priorities, tactic, strategies, and 3.79 Agree
procedures to enforce the law properly and
correctly.
Legend:
4 Agree 3.5 – 4.49
38
2 Disagree 1.5 – 2.49


of Emergency Medical Services
Table 2.b showed the level of effectiveness of fire prevention programs implemented
Kidapawan City in terms of Emergency Medical Services. Statement number four (4) got a
weighted mean of 4.76 (Strongly Agree) which stated that “Provide first-responder-level
medical response and assistance to victims.”, it was followed by statement number six (6)
which got a weighted mean of 4.74 (Strongly Agree) which stated that “Conducts basic
emergency care like management of soft tissue injuries and CPR to give first-aid response to
the victims.”
Statement number three (3) got a weighted mean of 4.45 (Agree) which stated that
“Procurement of rescue and emergency medical service equipment for immediate emergency
response.”, statement number two (2) with a weighted mean of 4.34 (Agree) which stated
that “Strengthened Coordination with the 911 emergency hotline, and private pre-hospital
and rescue providers to render necessary assistance to law enforcement.”, statement number
one (1) with a weighted mean of 3.95 (Agree) which stated that “Conduct stress debriefing to
volunteer personnel to assist victim-survivors on how to deal positively with the emotional
effects of critical incidents, and provide education about current and anticipated stress
39
responses and stress management techniques.”, statement number five (5) got a weighted
mean of 3.88 (Agree) which stated that “Provide crash/ rescue support for medical
evacuation and normal flight or maintenance standbys for immediate assistance to
personnel.”. Lastly, statement number seven (7) got a weighted mean of 3.72 (Agree) which
stated that “The BFP mandates every establishment that has more than 50 employees to
create a fire brigade team.” The statement above mentioned from table 2.b gathered a total
grand mean of 4.26 with a descriptive index of Agree.
Table 2.b Level of effectiveness of fire prevention programs implemented by the Bureau
Kidapawan City in terms of Emergency Medical Services, November 2023.
Mean Index
1. Conduct stress debriefing to volunteer personnel to
assist victim-survivors on how to deal positively 3.95 Agree
with the emotional effects of critical incidents and
provide education about current and anticipated
stress responses and stress management techniques.
2. Strengthened Coordination with the 911 emergency
hotline, and private pre-hospital and rescue 4.34 Agree
providers to render necessary assistance to law
enforcement.
3. Procurement of rescue and emergency medical
service equipment for immediate emergency 4.45 Agree
response.
4. Provide first-responder-level medical response and
assistance to victims. 4.76 Strongly Agree
5. Provide crash/ rescue support for medical
evacuation and normal flight or maintenance 3.88 Agree
standbys for immediate assistance to personnel.
6. Conducts basic emergency care like management of
soft tissue injuries and CPR to give first-aid
response to the victims. 4.74 Strongly Agree
7. The BFP mandates every establishment that has
more than 50 employees to create a fire brigade 3.72 Agree
team.
Legend:
40

4 Agree 3.5 – 4.49
2 Disagree 1.5 – 2.49

of Special Operations
Table 2.c showed the level of effectiveness of fire prevention programs implemented
Kidapawan City in terms of Special Operations. Statement number two (2) got a weighted
mean of 4.56 (Strongly Agree) which stated that “Conduct a demonstration on how to use the
Fire Extinguisher equipment.”, it was followed by statement number four (4) which got a
weighted mean of 4.44 (Agree) which stated that “The unit respond to a variety of high level
situations, requiring great operational, physical and professional skills for the mission to
succeed.”
“Conduct seminars related to fire prevention and fire suppression.”, statement number three
(3) with a weighted mean of 4.24 (Agree) which stated that “Specialized Rescue Unit rescues
trapped victims from difficult situations, including challenging and extreme terrains.”,
statement number seven (7) with a weighted mean of 4.1 (Agree) which stated that “The
special operations team members are trained to conduct a search with kayaks, swim out to a
victim and make a contact rescue, as well as building rope systems to free water craft from
rocks or other debris in the river.”, statement number five (5) got a weighted mean of 4.03
41
(Agree) which stated that “The Special Operations team performs technical rescues including
confined space rescue, high/low angle rescue and trench rescue.”. Lastly, statement number
six (6) got a weighted mean of 4.02 (Agree) which stated that “Special Operations team is
trained and equipped to respond to Swift Water Rescues.” The statement above mentioned
from table 2.c gathered a total grand mean of 4.24 with a descriptive index of Agree.
Table 2.c Level of effectiveness of fire prevention programs implemented by the Bureau
Kidapawan City in terms of Special Operations, November 2023.
Mean Index
1. Conduct seminars related to fire prevention and fire
suppression. 4.34 Agree
2. Conduct a demonstration on how to use the Fire
Extinguisher equipment. 4.56 Strongly Agree
3. Specialized Rescue Unit rescues trapped victims
from difficult situations, including challenging and 4.24 Agree
extreme terrains.
4. The unit respond to a variety of high-level
situations, requiring great operational, physical and 4.44 Agree
professional skills for the mission to succeed.
5. The Special Operations team performs technical
rescues including confined space rescue, high/low 4.03 Agree
angle rescue and trench rescue.
6. Special Operations team is trained and equipped to
respond to Swift Water Rescues. 4.02 Agree
7. The special operations team members are trained to
conduct a search with kayaks, swim out to a victim 4.1 Agree
and make a contact rescue, as well as building rope
systems to free watercraft from rocks or other
debris in the river.
Legend:
4 Agree 3.5 – 4.49
2 Disagree 1.5 – 2.49
42

of Disaster Management
Table 2.d showed the level of effectiveness of fire prevention programs implemented
Kidapawan City in terms of Disaster Management. Statement number three (3) got a
weighted mean of 4.52 (Strongly Agree) which stated that “Conduct various capacity-
building activities to avoid becoming/disoriented.”, it was followed by statement number five
(5) which got a weighted mean of 4.36 (Agree) which stated that “Developing and
institutionalizing "End-to-end warning system" information sharing the communication
systems between LGU's, communities and national government for the effectiveness of
anticipating different calamities that may occur.”
“The Fire Marshall formulates a Contingency Plan for typhoons and floods and orients his
personnel about the said plan.”, statement number six (6) with a weighted mean of 4.2
(Agree) which stated that “Develop community -based and local early warning system for the
early identification of hazards.”, statement number two (2) with a weighted mean of 4.1
(Agree) which stated that “Developing and establishing several early warning systems for
43
fire prevention and fire-fighting operations.”, statement number seven (7) got a weighted
mean of 3.95 (Agree) which stated that “Create a manual sheet of operation for the Disaster
Operation Center.”. Lastly, statement number four (4) got a weighted mean of 3.87 (Agree)
which stated that “The BFP established an institutional mechanism for disaster response
operations.” The statement above mentioned from table 2.d gathered a total grand mean of
4.17 with a descriptive index of Agree.
Table 2.d Level of effectiveness of fire prevention programs implemented by the Bureau
Kidapawan City in terms of Disaster Management, November 2023.
Mean Index
1. The Fire Marshall formulates a Contingency Plan
for typhoons and floods and orients his personnel 4.22 Agree
about the said plan.
2. Developing and establishing several early warning
systems for fire prevention and fire-fighting 4.1 Agree
operations.
3. Conduct various capacity-building activities to
avoid becoming/disoriented 4.52 Strongly Agree
4. The BFP established an institutional mechanism for
disaster response operations. 3.87 Agree
5. Developing and institutionalizing "End-to-end
warning system" information sharing the 4.36 Agree
communication systems between LGU's,
communities and national government for the
effectiveness of anticipating different calamities
that may occur.
6. Develop community -based and local early warning
system for the early identification of hazards. 4.2 Agree
7. Create a manual sheet of operation for the Disaster
Operation Center. 3.95 Agree
Legend:
4 Agree 3.5 – 4.49
2 Disagree 1.5 – 2.49
44

of Fire Prevention
Table 2.e showed the level of effectiveness of fire prevention programs implemented
Kidapawan City in terms of Fire Prevention. Statement number three (3) got a weighted
mean of 4.32 (Agree) which stated that “Maintain and inspect electrical regularly.” it was
followed by statement number six (6) which got a weighted mean of 4.01 (Agree) which
stated that “Write and practice an emergency plan.”
Statement number two (2) got a weighted mean of 3.96 (Agree) which stated that
“Encourage the community to maintain a high standard of housekeeping.”, statement number
four (4) with a weighted mean of 3.9 (Agree) which stated that “Place combustible materials
in fireproof/waterproof cabinets.”, statement number five (5) with a weighted mean of 3.86
(Agree) which stated that “Monitor contractors especially when they are using equipment
that can cause fire.”, statement number seven (7) got a weighted mean of 3.71 (Agree) which
stated that “Ensure that the sources of fires are kept to a minimum.”. Lastly, statement
number one (1) got a weighted mean of 3.58 (Agree) which stated that “Ban smoking and use
45
of matches and cigarette lighters or curtail (minimize) their use in specific areas.” The
statement above mentioned from table 2.e gathered a total grand mean of 3.90 with a
descriptive index of Agree.
Table 2.e Level of effectiveness of fire prevention programs implemented by the Bureau
Kidapawan City in terms of Fire Prevention, November 2023.
Weighted Descriptive
Statement
Mean Index
1. Ban smoking and use of matches and cigarette lighters
or curtail (minimize) their use in specific areas. 3.58 Agree
2. Encourage the community to maintain a high standard
of housekeeping. 3.96 Agree
3. Maintain and inspect electrical regularly 4.32 Agree
4. Place combustible materials in fireproof/waterproof
cabinets. 3.90 Agree
5. Monitor contractors especially when they are using 3.86 Agree
equipment that can cause fire.
6. Write and practice an emergency plan. 4.01 Agree
7. Ensure that the sources of fires are kept to a minimum.
3.71 Agree
Legend:
4 Agree 3.5 – 4.49
2 Disagree 1.5 – 2.49

the Bureau of Fire Protection as Perceived by the Residents
of Selected Barangays of Kidapawan City in
Terms of Fire Suppression
46
Table 2.f showed the level of effectiveness of fire prevention programs implemented
Kidapawan City in terms of Fire Suppression. Statement number six (6) got a weighted mean
of 4.78 (Strongly Agree) which stated that “Turn off the electricity on the house’s breaker
box.” it was followed by statement number five (5) which got a weighted mean of 4.67
(Strongly Agree) which stated that “Turn off any heat source that can cause an explosion.”
Statement number seven (7) got a weighted mean of 4.63 (Strongly Agree) which
stated that “Contact immediately the Bureau of Fire Protection in case of fire.”, statement
number three (3) with a weighted mean of 4.45 (Agree) which stated that “Prepare
extinguishing media and equipment for use.”, statement number two (2) with a weighted
mean of 4.33 (Agree) which stated that “Initiate response in case a fire incident/accident
happened.”, statement number one (1) got a weighted mean of 4.14 (Agree) which stated that
“Observe and react to changes in conditions and fire behavior.”. Lastly, statement number
four (4) got a weighted mean of 3.94 (Agree) which stated that “Determine structural fire
behavior.” The statement above mentioned from table 2.f gathered a total grand mean of 4.42
with a descriptive index of Agree.
Table 2.f Level of effectiveness of fire prevention programs implemented by the Bureau
Kidapawan City in terms of Fire Suppression, November 2023.
Mean Index
1. Observe and react to changes in conditions and 4.14 Agree
fire behavior.
2. Initiate response in case a fire incident/accident
happened. 4.33 Agree
3. Prepare extinguishing media and equipment for use. 4.45 Agree
4. Determine structural fire behavior. 3.94 Agree
5. Turn off any heat source that can cause an 4.67 Strongly Agree
47
explosion.
6. Turn off the electricity on the house’s breaker box. 4.78 Strongly Agree
7. Contact immediately the Bureau of Fire 4.63 Strongly Agree
Protection in case of fire.
Legend:
4 Agree 3.5 – 4.49
2 Disagree 1.5 – 2.49
Relationship Between the Level of Effectiveness Fire Prevention Programs

Implemented by the Bureau of Fire Protection as Perceived by the
Residents in Selected Barangays in Kidapawan City
Table 3 revealed the relationships between the level of effectiveness fire prevention
programs implemented by the Bureau of Fire Protection as perceived by the residents in
selected Barangays in Kidapawan City. Analysis revealed the P-value of 0.604 which was
greater than the alpha value of 0.05 level of significance and R-value of 0.037. The results
showed that there was no significant relationship between the two variables. Hence, the null
hypothesis which stated that there was no significant relationship between the level of
effectiveness fire prevention programs implemented by the Bureau of Fire Protection as
perceived by the residents in selected Barangays in Kidapawan City was accepted.

48
Table 3. Relationship Between the Level of Effectiveness Fire Prevention Programs

Implemented by the Bureau of Fire Protection as Perceived by the Residents in
Selected Barangays in Kidapawan City, November 2023.
Effectiveness of Fire Prevention Programs
N=100
Fire Fire
Overall
Suppression Prevention
Correlation
Fire Safety Enforcement Coefficient -.027 .198* .086
Sig. (2-tailed) .787 .048 .418
Fire Fighting Correlation

Operations Coefficient .116 .046 .081
Sig. (2-tailed) .249 .648 .449
Emergency Medical Correlation

Services Coefficient -.091 -.011 .051
Sig. (2-tailed) .369 .913 .641
Correlation
Special Operations Coefficient .008 .085 .047
Sig. (2-tailed) .940 .398 .669
Correlation
Disaster Management Coefficient .001 .040 .021
Sig. (2-tailed) .993 .693 .843
Overall Correlation
Coefficient .001 .072 .037
Sig. (2-tailed) .668 .540 .604
**Significant at the 0.01 level
*Significant at the 0.05 level
49
Strength of Relationship
0 - No relation
.01 - .20 - Very low/ Very weak
.21 - .40 - Low
.41 - .60 - Moderate
.61 - .80 - High
.81 - .99 - Very High
1.0 - Perfect
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presented the summary of the findings, conclusion, and
recommendations contributed from the result of the study.
Summary
This study was conducted primarily to check the level of effectiveness of fire
residents of selected Barangays in Kidapawan City. Specifically, the objectives of this study
were to: (1) determine the socio-demographic profile of the respondents in terms of sex, age,
marital status, educational attainment, tribe and religion, (2) determine the level of
effectiveness of fire prevention programs implemented by the Bureau of Fire Protection as
perceived by the residents in selected Barangays in Kidapawan City in terms of Fire Safety
Enforcement, Firefighting Operations, Emergency Medical Services, Special Operations, and
Disaster Management (3) determine the level of fire prevention programs implemented by
the Bureau of Fire Protection as perceived by the residents in selected Barangays in
Kidapawan City in terms of Fire Prevention and Fire Suppression (4) determine if there is a
50
significant relationship between the level of effectiveness of fire prevention programs
implemented by the Bureau of Fire Protection as perceived by the residents in selected
Barangays in Kidapawan City.
The findings showed that the Fire Safety Enforcement, Firefighting Operations,
Emergency Medical Services, Special Operations and Disaster Management programs were
performed well by the BFP personnel with an overall mean of 4.13, 4.27, 4.26, 4.24, and 4.17
rated as "Agree". And it revealed also that the Fire Prevention and Fire Suppression program
that the BFP personnel were very able in responding with an overall mean of 3.90 and 4.42
rated as "Agree"
In the findings it was also revealed that there was no significant relationship between
the level of effectiveness of fire prevention programs implemented by the Bureau of Fire
Protection as perceived by the residents of selected Barangays in Kidapawan City.
Conclusions
Based on the findings, the following conclusions were highlighted:
1. The BFP personnel in Kidapawan City were highly capable of rendering quality fire
operation procedures.
2. They had properly trained firefighters and adequate firefighting supplies/equipment/
vehicles thus able to respond to emergencies.
3. They were also responsible for the proper steps to be taken for fire prevention and any
other suppression measure to secure the safety of life and property of the people in the
community.
51
4. There was no significant relationship between Fire Prevention Programs Implemented
by the Bureau of Fire Protection on the Effectiveness of Fire Prevention Programs.
Recommendations
With the findings of the study, the following recommendations were forwarded:
1. The high extent of the capability of the BFP personnel of Kidapawan City in
responding and implementing programs to disaster or emergencies should be maintained by
continuously attending the updates or skills training and assessment particularly the new staff
to broaden and deepen their expertise as firefighters.
2. The BFP's Special Rescue Unit should undergo specialized training to enable them to
conduct rescue operations to allow them to mount a proper response to other catastrophes
and/or emergencies instead of only fire incidents.
3. BFP personnel should also pursue post graduate studies related to their work.
4. Local Government Unit should allocate funds for the purchase of more modernized
supplies, equipment and mobility that will significantly boost the firefighting capacity of the
BFP as a whole.
5. Future researchers should have more respondents to get more accurate and reliable
result.
52
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2023 from https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1150842/kidapawan-fire-leaves-28-families-
homeless
Aboitiz (2023) AbotizPower sharpens safety skills in observance of Fire Prevention Month.
Retrieved on April 25, 2023 from https://aboitizpower.com/news/therma-visayas-
inc/abotizpowersharpenssafetyskillsinobservanceoffirepreventionmonth?
fbclid=IwAR1e6eWAmZ1aZGzo8FuonlMLyWqan9V8mQv8ap-
D67Gs8OuDb1kXdaGNsNc
Bellido et al. (2009) MEASURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FIRE PREVENTION.

Retrieved on February 21, 2023 from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/measuring-
effectiveness-fire-prevention-brian-nicholson
BFP Operational Procedures Manual (2015) Capability of the Bureau of Fire Protection
of Ilocos Sur in Responding to Emergencies. Retrieved on February 12, 2013 From
https://www.ijires.org/administrator/components/com_jresearch/files/publications/
IJIRES_1138_FINAL.pdf
Canas, et al., (2016) Research On BFP. Retrieved on February 13, 2023 from
https://pdfcoffee.com/research-on-bfp-pdf-free.html
Capote et al. (2009) MEASURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FIRE PREVENTION.
Captain Marjorie Resurrection (2019) Kidapawan fire leaves 28 families homeless.

Retrieved on December 16, 2023 from
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1150842/kidapawan-fire-leaves-28-families-homeless
53
Cervantes and Soriano (2011) Research On BFP. Retrieved on February 13, 2023 from
CLM Fireproofing (2020) WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FIRE PROTECTION,
PREVENTION AND SUPPRESSION? Retrieved on April 26, 2023 from
https://clmfireproofing.com/the-difference-between-fire-protection-prevention-and-
suppression/?
fbclid=IwAR3h9lJuCsixm1qr1EONMSv93hoisr8Eat8KbSLljHA4vB99DKdfhUeHo
6Q
Doerr and Santín (2016) Global trends in wildfire and its impacts. Retrieved on December
16, 2023 from https://royalsociety.org/blog/2020/10/global-trends-wildfire/?
fbclid=IwAR1ZXUsLrWO89OzdkRTphTj0tnKMfRpZLuMs5MpQI3fh6lCVGGlWy
KcsCdM
Fire Protection Research Foundation (2008) MEASURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF

FIRE PREVENTION. Retrieved on February 21, 2023 from
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/measuring-effectiveness-fire-prevention-brian-
nicholson
Folz et al. (2010) MEASURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FIRE PREVENTION. Retrieved

on February 21, 2023 from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/measuring-effectiveness-
fire-prevention-brian-nicholson
Fridolf et al. (2013) MEASURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FIRE PREVENTION.

Gandia (2008) Research On BFP. Retrieved on February 13, 2023 from

Haddon (1973)Compliance with the 2008 Fire Code of the Philippines ( RA 9514 ):Basis for
Intervention. Retrieved on February 9, 2023 from
https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-5-issue-3/22-
30.pdf
Hjohlman et al. (2011) MEASURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FIRE PREVENTION.
IAFC & NFPA (2012) MEASURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FIRE PREVENTION.

54
Manual of the BFP fires (2001) Research On BFP. Retrieved on February 12, 2023
Fromhttps://www.scribd.com/document/432646511/RESEARCH-ON-BFP#
Maurtua (2017) Capability of the Bureau of Fire Protection of Ilocos Sur in Responding to
Emergencies. Retrieved on February 12, 2013
Fromhttps://www.ijires.org/administrator/components/com_jresearch/files/
publications/IJIRES_1138_FINAL.pdf
Negros Daily Bulletin (2016) Capability of the Bureau of Fire Protection of Ilocos Sur in
Responding to Emergencies. Retrieved on February 12, 2013
Fromhttps://www.ijires.org/administrator/components/com_jresearch/files/
publications/IJIRES_1138_FINAL.pdf
Overholt & Ezekoye (2015) MEASURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FIRE
PREVENTION. Retrieved on February 21, 2023 from
nicholson
Page et al. (2013) Capability of the Bureau of Fire Protection of Ilocos Sur in Responding to
Emergencies. Retrieved on February 12, 2013 From
https://www.ijires.org/administrator/components/com_jresearch/files/publications/
IJIRES_1138_FINAL.pdf
Reason (1997) Compliance with the 2008 Fire Code of the Philippines ( RA 9514 ):Basis for
30.pdf
Rogers (1975) Compliance with the 2008 Fire Code of the Philippines ( RA 9514 ):Basis for
30.pdf
Rubio (2023) AbotizPower sharpens safety skills in observance of Fire Prevention Month.
Retrieved on April 25, 2023 from https://aboitizpower.com/news/therma-visayas-
inc/abotizpowersharpenssafetyskillsinobservanceoffirepreventionmonth?
fbclid=IwAR1e6eWAmZ1aZGzo8FuonlMLyWqan9V8mQv8ap-
D67Gs8OuDb1kXdaGNsNc
Sanchez (2013).The Bureau of Fire Protection: Moving Towards True Fire Readiness and
Prevention. Retrieved on February 2, 2023 from https://securitymatters.com.ph/the-
bureau-of-fire-protection-moving-towards-true-fire-readiness-and-prevention/
#:~:text=The%20Bureau%20of%20Fire%20Protection%20(BFP)%20of%20the
%20Philippines%20is,emergency%20medical%20and%20rescue%20services.
55
Shelbyville Fire Department (2016) MEASURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FIRE

PREVENTION. Retrieved on February 21, 2023 from
nicholson
Soriano (2011) Research On BFP. Retrieved on February 13, 2023 from

Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance (2016) MEASURING THE
EFFECTIVENESS OF FIRE PREVENTION. Retrieved on February 21, 2023 from
nicholson
The BFP Operational Procedures Manual (2015) Compliance with the 2008 Fire Code of
the Philippines ( RA 9514 ):Basis for Intervention. Retrieved on February 9, 2023
from https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-5-issue-
3/22-30.pdf
Velasco (2013) Research On BFP. Retrieved on February 13, 2023 from

Willamor Magbanua (2019) Kidapawan fire leaves 28 families homeless. Retrieved on
December 16, 2023 from https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1150842/kidapawan-fire-
leaves-28-families-homeless
56
APPENDICES
57
APPENDIX-A
(LETTER TO CONDUCT THE STUDY)
58
APPENDIX –B
(LETTER TO VALIDATORS)
59
APPENDIX-C
(VALIDATION SHEET)
60
APPENDIX –D
(SURVEY QUESTIONAIRES)
61
APPPENDIX-E
(ROUTING SLIP)
62
APPENDIX-F
(CERTIFICATE OF ENGLISH CRITIC)
63
APPENDIX-G
(DOCUMENTATION)
64
65
66
67
68
APPENDIX-H
(CURRICULUM VITAE)
Maria Teresa U. Eborda

Luz Village, Mlang, Province of North Cotabato
69
09516950946
mariateresaeborda@gmail.com
Research Title:
Level of Effectiveness of Fire Prevention
Programs Implemented by the BFP as
Perceived by the Residents of Selected
Barangays in Kidapawan City
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Birth Date : August 23, 1998

Birth Place : Leboce, Makilala, North Cotabato
Age : 25
Religion : Roman Catholic
Nationality : Filipino
Civil Status : Single
Father : Rolando A. Eborda
Occupation : Farmer
Mother : Porferia U. Eborda
Occupation : Housewife
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Tertiary : Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Colegio de Kidapawan
Quezon Blvd. Poblacion Kidapawan City
2023-present
Secondary : New Caridad National Vocational and Technological High School

New Caridad, Tulunan, North Cotabato
2014-2015
Kidapawan City National High School

Roxas Street, Poblacion, Kidapawan City, North Cotabato
2019-2020
Elementary : Luz Village Elementary School

Luz Village, Mlang, North Cotabato
2010-2011
SEMINARS/TRAININGS ATTENDED
70
 First Aid and Water Survival

Held at RC Martinez Farm and Resort, Mua-an, Kidapawan City
2022
 Gun Handling and Safety Procedure Seminar
Held at Colegio de Kidapawan Gymnasium, Kidapawan City
2023
 Cybercrime Webinar
2023
 Forensic Ballistics Training and Seminar Workshop
2023
AFFILIATIONS
 Philippine Air Force (Reserve)

 UniFAST Scholar Grantee
Kim Ryan Masibay

Poblacion, Kidapawan, Province of North Cotabato
71
09956536670
masibayryan@gmail.com
Research Title:
Level of Effectiveness of Fire Prevention
Programs Implemented by the BFP as
Perceived by the Residents of Selected
Barangays in Kidapawan City
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Birth Date : September 16, 2001

Birth Place : Kidapawan City
Age : 22
Religion : Roman Catholic
Nationality : Filipino
Civil Status : Single
Father : Rene Relampagos
Occupation : Cook
Mother : Giselle H. Masibay
Occupation : OFW
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Tertiary : Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Colegio de Kidapawan
Quezon Blvd. Poblacion, Kidapawan City, North Cotabato
2023-present
Secondary : Kidapawan City National High School

Roxas Street, Poblacion, Kidapawan City, North Cotabato
2019-2020
Elementary : Kidapawan City Pilot Elementary School

Laurel Street, Poblacion, Kidapawan City, North Cotabato
2013-2014
SEMINARS/TRAININGS ATTENDED
72
 HAM Radio Orientation and Seminar

Held at Bartolaba Subd. Lanao, Kidapawan City
2016
 Emergency Service Training Course
Held at Camp Baden Powell, Old Bulatukan, Makilala, North Cotabato
2017
 Red Cross Youth Training
Held at Lanao Central Elementary School, Lanao, Kidapawan City
2017
 First Aid and Water Survival
Held at RC Martinez Farm and Resort, Mua-an, Kidapawan City
2022
 Gun Handling and Safety Procedure Seminar
2023
 Cybercrime Webinar
2023
 Forensic Ballistics Training and Seminar Workshop
2023
AFFILIATIONS
 Cotabato Amateur Disaster Radio Enthusiast

 Emergency Service Corps.
 Provincial Incident Management Team during Mindanao Earthquake 2019
 Boy Scouts of the Philippines
 Philippine Red Cross
 Vice President of School Watch Team (2019)
 Philippine Air Force (Reserve)

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1

Background of the Study

According to Doerr and Santín (2016), it is very important to acknowledge that it is

worst place to build a house from a fire risk perspective.

realise why that makes the fire problem worse.

conflagration-prone nation such as the Philippines.

risk. Additionally, the combination of two of the country’s defining characteristics –

competence and professionalism it needs in order to properly discharge its duties.”

Putol, Barangay Poblacion here around 9 a.m. Monday, August 5.

Cooperative catching fire and spreading fast.

Captain Marjorie Resurrection (2019) added a statement that 28 families (140

and have since relocated to the house of their relatives.

Studying the effectiveness of fire prevention programs implemented by the Bureau of

incidents and associated damages.

Secondly, understanding the level of effectiveness helps in identifying areas of

lessons learned from past experiences.

Furthermore, evaluating the effectiveness of fire prevention programs aids in resource

terms of fire prevention and public safety.

In addition, studying the effectiveness of these programs provides a basis for

accountability and transparency. It allows stakeholders, including the public and

practices in fire prevention.

Ultimately, the study of the effectiveness of fire prevention programs is a proactive

measure to ensure the continuous improvement of strategies aimed at safeguarding

The implementation of Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) programs in the chosen

level of effectiveness of fire prevention programs implemented by the Bureau of Fire

related incidents in Kidapawan City.

Statement of the Problem

programs implemented by the Bureau of Fire Protection as perceived by the residents of

selected Barangays in Kidapawan City.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

status, educational attainment, tribe and religion?

Fire Protection as perceived by the residents in selected Barangays in Kidapawan City, in

2.1 fire safety enforcement,

2.2 firefighting operations,

2.3 emergency medical services,

2.4 special operations, and

2.5 disaster management?

Protection as perceived by the residents in selected Barangays in Kidapawan City, in

3.1. fire Suppression, and

3.2. fire Prevention?

implemented by the Bureau of Fire Protection as perceived by the residents in selected

Barangays in Kidapawan City?

Objectives of the Study

prevention programs implemented by the Bureau of Fire Protection as perceived by the

residents of selected Barangays in Kidapawan City.

Specifically, it sought to attain the following objectives which were to:

status, educational attainment, tribe and religion?

of Fire Protection as perceived by the residents in selected Barangays in Kidapawan City,

2.1 fire safety enforcement,

2.2 firefighting operations

2.3 emergency medical services

2.4 special operations, and

2.5 disaster Management.

Protection as perceived by the residents in selected Barangays in Kidapawan City, in

3.1. fire suppression, and

3.2. fire prevention.

prevention programs implemented by the Bureau of Fire Protection as perceived by the

residents in selected Barangays in Kidapawan City.

Significance of the Study

The study provided essential information to the following sectors:

destroy the peace and safety of the community.

incidents in unexpected instances.

incidents especially on dealing with fire.