TUPAS, ERICK JOHN M.

CHS- 1C

Republic of the Philippines

Commission on Higher Education
Region V
AROROY MUNICIPAL COLLEGE
Lubigan Hills, Ambolong, Aroroy, Masbate

LEARNING MODULE

Subject: READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY WITH PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION AND

AGRARIAN OR LAND REFORM

CHAPTER 2

CONTENT AND CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF SELECTED PRIMARY SOURCES IN

PHILIPPINE HISTORY

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

 To familiarize oneself with the primary documents in different historical periods in the
Philippines.
 To learn history through primary sources.
 To properly interpret primary sources through examining the content and context of the
document.
 To understand the context behind each selected document.

TOPIC 1
A BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE FIRST VOYAGE AORUND THE WORLD BY MAGELLAN BY
ANTONIO PIGAFETTA

“These people have no arms, but use sticks, which have a fishbone at the end. They are poor, but
indigenous, and great thieves, and for the sake of what we called these three islands the Ladrones
Islands.”

The Ladrones Islands is presently known as the Marianas Islands. These islands are located
south-southeast of Japan, west-southwest of Hawaii, north of Guinea, and east of Philippines. Ten days
after they reached Ladrones Islands, Pigafetta reported that they reached what Pigafetta called the isle of
Zamal, now Samar but Magellan decided to land in another uninhabited island for greater security where
they could rest for a few days. Pigafetta recounted that after two days, March 18, nine men came to them
and showed joy and eagerness in seeing them. Magellan realized that the men where reasonable and
welcpomed them with food, drinks, and gifts. In turn, the natives gave them fish, palm wine (uraca), figs,
and two cochos. The natives also gave them rice (umai), cocos, and other food supplies. Pigafetta detailed
in amazement and fascination the palm tree which bore fruits cocho, and wine.
Pigafetta characterized the people as “very familiar and friendly” and willingly showed them
different islands and the names of these islands. The fleet went to Humunu Island (Homonhon) and there
they found what Pigafetta refered to as the “Watering Place of Good Signs”. It is in this place where
Pigafetta wrote that they found the first sign of gold in the Island. After s few days, Magellan was
introduced to the King’s brother who was also a king of another island. They went to island where
Pigafetta saw mines of gold. The gold was abundant that parts of the ship and the house of the second
king was made of gold. Pigafetta described the king as the most handsome of all men that he saw in the
place. He was also adorned with silk and gold accessories like a gold dagger, which he carried with him a
wooden polished sheath. This king was named Raia Calambu, king of Zuluan and Calagan (Butuan and
Caragua), and the first king was Raia Siagu. On March 31 st, which happened to be Easter Sunday,
Magellan ordered the chaplain to preside a mass by the shore. The king heard of his plan and sent two
dead pigs and attended the mass with the other king.

Read the next topics from chapter 2

 Analysis of Pigafetta’s Chornicle

 The KKK and the “Kartilya ng Katipunan”
 Analysis of the Karliya ng Katipunan”
 Reading the “Proclamation of the Philippine Independence”
 Analysis of the ”Proclamation of the Philippine Independence”
 A Glance at the selected Philippine Politocal Caricature in SAlfred MacCoy’s Philippine
Cartoons: Political Caricature of American Era (1900-1941)
 People power revolution of 1986
 Analysis of Aquino’s Speech

CHAPTER EXERCISES

A. TRUE OR FALSE. Write true if the statement is true. Otherwise, write false in the space
provided.

FALSE 1. Non-written documents are not useful as primary sources in conducting historical research.
TRUE 2. The assassination of Ninoy Aquino is an important historical event that fueled people’s anger
and condemnation of the dictator Ferdinand Marcos.
FALSE 3. Apolinario Mabini penned the “Kartilya ng Katipunan.”
FALSE 4. Magellan and his fleet received a warm welcome from all of the chieftains and local leaders in
the Philippine Islands.
TRUE 5. The Americans radically altered the social structure in the Philippines after they took over from
Spain in terms of socioeconomic equality.
FALSE 6. The “Proclamation of Philippine Independence” reflects the social and economic discontent of
the masses about land ownership and other agrarian issues.
FALSE 7. The enmity between Aguinaldo and Bonifacio did not affect how the former’s revolutionaty
government credited Bonifacio to the beginnings of Philippine Revolution.
FALSE 8. Corazon Aquino did not want to forge alliance with the United States because the latter was
known important ally of Marcos.
TRUE 9. The conservative attitude of the youth towards sexuality did not change since the Sapnish
period until the 1930’s.
FALSE 10. The forces of Magellan were successful in defeating and conquering LapuLapu.

CRITICAL ESSAY. IDENTIFY A PRIMARY SOURCE IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY FROM THE

EXAMPLES PROVIDED IN THIS CHAPTER. WRITE AN ESSAY DISCUSSING (1) THE
IMPORTANCE (2.) THE BACKGROUND OF THE TEXT’S AUTHOR (3.) THE CONTEXT OF
THE DOCUMENT, (4.) THE TEXT’S CONTRIBUTION TO UNDERSTANDING THE
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

 Letters, diaries, notebooks, newspapers, photographs, and other firsthand experiences are
among the key sources in Philippine history; the interpretation and assessment of these
sources serves as the foundation for research. The purpose of using primary sources is to
help us appreciate significant historical concepts and to recognize that all written history
is based on an author's interpretation of previous occurrences. Therefore, as a student
studying a historical account, I find it extremely beneficial to realize its subjective nature;
by using primary sources, I can directly touch the lives of individuals in the past while
also honing my critical thinking skills. Primary source is a tool that can be used in
studying history; through the record of historical events reflects the personal, social,
political, or economic points, with that data I can interpret the past correctly and
accurately.

CHAPTER 3

PHILIPPINE HISTORY: SPACES FOR CONFLICT AND CONTROVERSIES

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

 To interpret historical events using primary sources.

 To recognize the multiplicity of interpretation than can be read from a historical text.
 To identify the advantages and disadvantages of employing critical tools in interpreting
historical events through primary sources.
 To demonstrate ability to argue for or against a particular issue using primary source.
In this chapter, we will analyze four historical problems in Philippine History in an attempt to apply what
we have learned thus far in the work of a historian and the process of historical inquiry. Earlier, we have
been introduced to history as a discipline, the historical method, and the context analysis of primary
sources. Two key concepts that need to be defined before proceeding to the historical analysis of
problems in history are interpretation and multi-perspectivity.

ATTENTION! READ CHAPTER 3 😊

EXERCISE

A. TRUE OR FALSE. Write true if the statement is true. Otherwise, write false in the space
provided.

TRUE 1. Historical interpretation is based on the Historian’s judgement on how the past should be seen.
TRUE 2. We make sense of the past through historical interpretation.
TRUE 3. Multi perceptivity is a quality of historical writing attributed to a variety of lenses that may be
used to view the past.
FALSE 4. There is only one account of the first Catholic Mass in the Philippines.
TRUE 5. The significance of the martyrdom of the GOMBURZA is questioned by the historians.
TRUE 6. The Cavity Mutiny is an event that led to the execution of the GOMBURZA.
TRUE 7. Jose Rizal’s essays go against the Catholic faith.
TRUE 8. There is no doubt that Rizal retracted his writings to be able to marry Josephine Bracken.
TRUE 9. The Cry of Rebellion happened in present-day Quezon City.
TRUE 10. The site of the monument of the Heroes of 1896 was chosen because this is the actual place
where the Cry of the Rebellion happened.

B. ESSAY

GIVE A BRIEF SUMMARY OF JOSE RIZAL’S PART IN THE REBELLION.

José Rizal was born into an affluent household, the son of a Filipino father and a Chinese
mother, who believed that "the pen was mightier than the sword." He is respected not only for his
intellectual brilliance, but also for using his words to take a stand against the Spanish colonial authorities.
Rizal was an outspoken critic of the Spanish government at the time, but he did it in a peaceful and
reasonable way, exposing the corruption and wrongdoings of government officials, as well as Spanish
manipulation, through his writings. His Excellency's compassion, courage, patriotism, and love for the
country, as well as his contribution to the current state of freedom, will never be forgotten; he journeyed
over Europe, talking politics wherever he went. Finally, in 1886, he went to Heidelberg to study medicine
and write Noli me Tangere, a classic novel in which he criticizes the Catholic Church in the Philippines
for promoting Spanish colonization. He became a target for the police almost immediately after it was
published, and they even followed him back to the Philippines in 1887. He returned to Spain shortly after,
writing a second novel, El Filibusterismo (1891), as well as numerous articles in favor of Filipino
nationalism and his battle to have members from his homeland included in the Spanish Cortes. He is also
a contributor to La Solidaridad, a publication founded on February 15, 1889 in Barcelona, Spain, and
serving as the propaganda movement's main organ. The goals of a publication are to combine progressive
and liberal views and promote the notion of democracy while also exposing the issues that plague Spain
to the Philippines. In 1892, he returned to Manila and together with Del Pilar he founded the La Liga
Filipina, a political organization that advocated for peace on the island of Mindanao. He performed
medicine, instructed pupils, and gathered local examples of flora and animals while documenting his
findings during his four years there. However, Spanish rulers were dissatisfied and deported Rizal to the
island of Mindanao. He had lost connection with others Filipino working for independence, for he
instantly repudiated the movement when it became violent and revolutionary because he believe that
blood shedding is not the only way to freedom, that every of us can use our voice, we can use our pen to
wake and call for help. Rizal was arrested, convicted of sedition, and murdered by firing squad on
December 30, 1896, after Andrés Bonifacio published the Grito de Balintawak in 1896.

END OF THE MODULE. 😊 THANK YOU SO MUCH AND STAY SAFE! 😊 – PREPARED BY:
Yhan Maggay