NAME : NYAMANGODO DORCAS

CALA COMPONENT : B
LEARNING AREA : COMPUTER SCIENCE
LEVEL : FORM SIX
CALA TYPE : RESEARCH
SYLLABUS TOPIC : NETWORKING
SYLLABUS SUB-TOPIC: CLOUD MODELS
CALA TITLE : REPORT ON CLOUD MODELS

COMPETENCIES AND SKILLS

Researching , Decision-making and Writing

BACKGROUND
The internet has conquered the world of this day . It is now a basic technological need for every
inhabitant of the planet earth . In your community , there is challenge on how to use internet clouds.

PART A
In computer science, electronic data is stored, accessed, and processed using various technologies and
techniques. Here's an overview of how these processes typically work:

1. Storage:

- Primary Storage: Data is stored in primary storage, also known as Random Access Memory (RAM),
which provides fast access to data. RAM holds data that is actively being used by the computer or
applications.
 - Secondary Storage: Data is stored in secondary storage devices like hard disk drives (HDDs) or
solid-state drives (SSDs). Secondary storage is non-volatile, meaning it retains data even when the
power is turned off. It provides long-term data storage and is used for files, databases, and operating
systems.

2. Access:

- Direct Access: In direct access, data can be accessed directly by specifying its memory address. This
is used in primary storage (RAM) where data can be accessed randomly without having to read
through all the preceding data.

- Sequential Access: In sequential access, data is accessed one item at a time in a specific order. This
is common in secondary storage devices like magnetic tapes, where data is read or written
sequentially from the beginning of the tape.

- Indexed Access: Indexed access involves using data structures like indexes or hash tables to quickly
locate and retrieve specific data items. This is commonly used in databases to enable efficient
searching and retrieval of data.

3. Processing:

- CPU and Algorithms: Data processing is performed by the central processing unit (CPU) of a
computer. The CPU executes instructions and algorithms to manipulate and transform data according
to the program or application being run.

- Programming Languages: Data processing is typically done using programming languages like
Python, Java, C++, or SQL. These languages provide constructs and libraries to perform operations
such as calculations, transformations, filtering, sorting, and aggregations on the data.

- Parallel Processing: To improve processing speed, computers can use parallel processing
techniques, where multiple processors or cores work simultaneously on different parts of the data,
performing computations in parallel.

Explaining the cloudmodel

1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):

In the IaaS model, the cloud service provider offers virtualized computing resources, such as virtual
machines (VMs), storage, and networking capabilities, over the internet. Users have control over the
operating system, applications, and configurations running on the virtual infrastructure. This model
allows organizations to scale their infrastructure up or down based on their needs, without the
upfront cost and complexity of managing physical hardware.
2. Platform as a Service (PaaS):

PaaS provides a higher-level abstraction compared to IaaS. In this model, the cloud provider offers a
complete platform, including the underlying infrastructure, runtime environment, development tools,
and services. Developers can focus on building and deploying applications without worrying about
managing the underlying infrastructure. PaaS enables faster development, scalability, and
collaboration, as multiple developers can work on the same platform, accessing shared resources and
services.

3. Software as a Service (SaaS):

SaaS is the most user-oriented cloud computing model. It involves delivering software applications
over the internet on a subscription basis. Users can access and use the software through a web
browser or dedicated client applications, without needing to install or manage the software locally.
The cloud provider takes care of infrastructure, maintenance, and updates, while users can focus on
using the software to accomplish their tasks. Examples of SaaS include web-based email services,
customer relationship management (CRM) tools, and collaboration platforms.

Recommendation

I recommend SaaS because SaaS is the most user-oriented cloud computing model. It involves
delivering software applications over the internet on a subscription basis. Users can access and use
the software through a web browser or dedicated client applications, without needing to install or
manage the software locally. The cloud provider takes care of infrastructure, maintenance, and
updates, while users can focus on using the software to accomplish their tasks. Examples of SaaS
include web-based email services, customer relationship management (CRM) tools, and collaboration
platforms. . This model simplifies software adoption, enhances collaboration, and ensures seamless
access from anywhere with an internet connection .With SaaS, you pay for the software on a
subscription basis, eliminating the need for software licenses and infrastructure management. SaaS
providers handle software updates and maintenance, ensuring that users always have access to the
latest features and security enhancements. SaaS eliminates the need for upfront investments in
hardware, software installations, and ongoing maintenance.