| Aplenna (ausheg = 1A Rode anlinna may be iued as the glBuctiies aesouct ee ranion of lonsitren behwesn a guided voave onde | Prgo~Space wave, OR WiCo- Nera» plannos 2od\ols. nee [drseof clecliomaonetic eneray in the Tans f eet oe An anGnna ray be “leplohie (also eatlad omni-directional} Ino- drechinal) oO: anise Bobic Cdurecttonet). =| Anlipnas cn —vaay in_dige Rem the Om po Pes Lmilimelirs (bp antennas’ sn. eatlutar phones) to Lo0o%s og _foot_( dish antennas fox osteo nomical obcosvatmne). Tapered tansttton Teansmission bing ae, I 1 Generale or Faomernitter Sass 4 Guicled. Geapuave Ss onGnno) Fach spo ceusaire ug En rHyren Rirnansions. tone 62 9 ansmiasion hey to iar Apace wave. et £2 t a oh by uae, and a fice tpace. Wave oy vite-Vercg.~~ Main bear |r mein lobe ” (fg.t3)- Three -Dimencionat Patel paitten of o dutectiogat antinn with coauimum yadiation in 2 chrediion at o=0°. =lthn vadiatiso isthe: vo 20on gre ‘thren~ dimensional quontibire Aovohedy Pied Ox preportionay to the Putd quan } —— 21 The_¢ component of the olectic pid os a funtion. of, the __ Qugle Band or Eg (8,6) (vnyi) [The phases Ob-these Pinbols em a2 A function Of the angles Band g or §e( 6,6) and §9(6,) (rad. or dap)SG : ae 1) Ca) e) || ~ 104k. eibelg (dja 3 — TIBOT y 120. 60% 0°. 60" 120" Fig ¢9) Ce). 30) 2 u 4 i re Pi e)21 ab =0° b> wer Fig (2X9, relative 8)= ar &=0° Sig (3)o) !_ A dacibe) blob of co). Hal Power Beamwoidtta (HEAW) (or ~ 348 beormenfltn) the pent eel aa ge Ni Cena)? X t First. crus»Qumber with A marinoury value of unity. v ¥ Noumaliaed fouer attr =foloB)n= S(9 5) (obimanadslen) 38,9) max where (6,9) = ing veolie'= [escos) + eg (0,65) |z wos SLB pB)mo = macirnrm sobre Ob 806/6) Wess? Zo= Inwinsic Lp pedance Of Apoe = 3460. he decibel level js given by ees 10 Log Fol 8) Sxo.mypte eee, Anantinns far a fisid pattien Given toy ‘ ——_|sira tie—oty pours Ele)= cos*o fer 0.26 <= 90° Evo) at Karp power =O. FoF 2 Et) = ces? o-t0f = coo . coop = VoxOF + O= 33° .WPpew =20 = 66°Rompe [An antinna foe a data galas a |for__ S20 £90 py eA 88) = cee coer weed (2) the _hatp- bower bearmutat icv land ts , power beamusiatity Cee 6) the beanswidth Helene FUSE null ead Wy) om eS) © £06) at Baty powers o.to% = t\—-— —|Thus. Et6)= cose 26 cose ag -. O FOF = cosas coce = | cos29 = | NZ NZ cose R©= cost () \ i \W cose] G= 1 eet / 1 \ z ve cose] ‘Tterating with 90° Oo 225°? ined up soak 7: erio0,68° I gis 20-08 G2 20.AF" | gk 20-49%, O= 20-47° wv. 0'f © = 20-6? & i [to ppeweu20 S47” (b)__El)=0- Ws-@ tos29=0 cog20= 0% QO = cos (0*) 26 =) 90" e= 49° eNews 205 45°K2 29 = O° =BeNew-urbe length 7.2 shown in the Piura. nner aga ee a clase Sodiue y ig = 2Ty.3, ety — git YadJone. r bo Sure ereebe ——_lot the contre of a m be. aublay My sim lay wary the meosure oLasolid angte ea Sioa One Slsodian a1 detned. ag the_4obid ange usith a vertex exe k wa 40 th 2 Seth 2a xe Ob tength © | [48 the area 0}, a sphere Sf rodius + Pa (ear A= 41? there ave iT sbegadtron je. AM” in a closed Abbere - 2 ae “ pg Atiis the. The beam aroaor bearo seid augle 24 ef on anlanre os qe ATL stecodians. (41 Sx)__| A stevodian =_ sLea® = (180. (eg)* ew ee 3282. Go6q™ deg fae AM sterodioue = 3282.8064 «aq = _4),252-96 D~ square degroee = 412634 = Solid ange oy Q Aphore . x ‘The Bean area or Bear Solid Angle orn of an antorns (Big, can). i tthe _dnkegral ole nocmatined power |patinen Over Aphere CAT Sr) 7a age B- (Pn (8,8) she dedy S20 f 1 | faa [{ Pate,0) dn Ge Beary faa] An= sino dodg en ‘The beam @rea ef an antenna can SPten be described eals—bowor poinlz Of-the main Lobe in the two egnbetes - Thus. Where Sue Grd Drip are the atp— power bearprojdthe Carew) the tio pauurat planes, amino Lobes being negheolkd - Seoropls? Pind th Qumber Of Square. Bageess 3) the solid is t 23 B= 20° m1 B= 30° and f= Fo° —2= ( ds sine de - Be. Ecospi” a J 20° Zot O12) SF O12) * 32835 3990—}4n_anlthon Bas a. ed pation gunn lop kis)o aekS gin toy E00) = ene Ry : Hh Qa ‘the bear aren. Of te patter ot — f. Fol®.) Iho deo dg a wot she dodgy ah ~ oy [ose = 27 S eo S | Abbrowin oli tetottay Be the hearn oven. O42 Bye dup Per ES) = cys?0 —___t | ine en-; /. HPBW= 2O- 66°: = Qn One Sue 2 Sup = BAP = CE Seen 4 Square _redian = 22 $3 2q-daq.. Boom Mrea=-Na = 4356 3 Se 3283 “_| Beam § Bpleney— [The vate of ‘the ny mpain_benr area >b and Reon. of d=o the prose Ahift acoupa ~the obsewation vtcle 2x rth! rater Ord up dancroases the phase Ahipt asound the Observatinn cache “Inureoses 4 Powor Patterns : Consider a \ganomitttng antenna 2 Pee Apace (\sobropic anténna) . let this antinna -be represent ‘by @ point Source ° ats. Fer so\7ebic' Source? the Papin GCS) Bak adial eomponout (Sr). Ginte “Ses See2O >, )s|= Practically —snstiad isolkepic dour’ even the reer a nae ove Atratopal prepectnis os they sadiote fpatinen Cisobropic batten Pavlor partion AL Se 18 enprossed 6 power (watts) ox unit ores (. Ge gap is calles) oltolale power patiten (lsotopit a) SE Gr iy pAbveused ey tems Of ibn votue dorne tafe dire ction the geoph ts Cotbed tatatiie (poser pattien Brace “manana volt Of Sr.sino dg © ds = r*sin0 do dg B. a TK ago ¥ = & no velar (S) &2 knousn ob al fointk om 4b Yore rn int i the total. power radiate! P by the ource 23 the Hieqra| exer the Ausfats 08 the abhor Oh the radial componant 6 poe Poyotthe vee the [whore pa “oar nm (watts) Sr = Rodiot en 08 No _veotor As = Appinitasi?g a} eloment 8} arco ®4 SBhere = eine ded ps (m*), Now er aD \ olwop ¢ Bource , Sr 2s snclependeurof org fe: the mogrtide Of the Porting veoltr asiee siyvessoby- (l@as the square abtho abi} tte f 2. pot doures code |St The Power radiatid frern_an _anlinna bos por tenet totid langle (Ce. 82 the potor pars Wradiby ) We have Sr= Peg sire Us Prod Us Rodratiby Caton sits Ar Vs Sy pe (watts/s~.) Prod s aT U 1 Power Theerern can be rertaGid 22, the total bower Yodiars le given gien by the integral oh the radiation Intensitip overa 4 Ongke oh 41T (sr) Prod =D Scd = s =f vo sie dodgy Ih) vt =) v dw yy) = Uo dn 1 Prod = Uo 4m), Vo =Racliation tn tanziny J et Ssobvpic poures , Dire otivity Um Uo -~ Dleensider a Aeuene Udit) a_jouwes._p a Bernie hi fre. “the radjatron intinsly quo te constant Bemnissphere dee Bae ((Srids Ym 9 dOde P= Hosast (Um sie dedy a au = um (am) [-coro = Um cm for Gir] 27 Ur Adsuming that the totat Power vodated by o Rereisbhere TAlgat te see ote power an te - |The nockiowen Antwnsty Consiclee a. Source farting o _wasine rodiatin sntenseliy patty _U= Um <0s© —U) of0 SMe iwohere m= rguimun ediation inlmnutip LD) Aes q vabue ony in the — 212 O¢p <2 aap aroUd rmsimum at 920, Ie. Us Um Now, the total power vecialid lay the Cosine powce & P= & rds. an “TW = (Va coro _r*arn0 dody a ee piso O>0 Ue P ore p= oT we al Um corp sing dodgy Ss v S=0 O=2 * =! 3" Mt Um! st29 dod Sr = Urotoae z ia a0 | = Um ~cos20 | dg > 2 2 4s oi = (0@ [a1 (-1-)] a4 7 ms) ) . aT — 2 = 3° = Um (271-0) 2 = 200m -TUm 2 cthen P= 4T Uo. —@) from. @® 2) Um Ts 4 Uo | Dice ctaGp ~ Um - +: Uo Thus, the maximum radiation intinsstiy COm) p the linicuinoctimal covtne 2oura up ¢. tumor the (orsor enlensiby (Wo) from an _isotisbic source reedia tihg th Sone tout bower.| Radiation tinting » Bos ao volue in bor A i a 2 Um cose sive do dy < | p. = Um (2 | Power rodiatid bay \goliepic source ! P= 41r Vo. t ot Urp_=_47t Uo. | DrecklyUm = 4 = | J Uo 2 @2- view looks tike © Howizenta) pollen _©)_vewtcol Fottaen 2. fot cought hooks Oke & circle twoke Like Of with dupete atthe fiauplat- Lytig os Centar ates =>. a a ot a Aine Ladhation inlined asitol a rem a U= Um sino —® [he radjatin inliuedy (0) has a Tuo tuse ory oy tho wpbor Baris pore sie pat “4 Loew 2 Oty eon) ae a elf= [pf ards. paiel Be We hove, Sr- DU =Umsino ¢ ds= sine dadg > ro a P= Um sine 4% sing do dy J a= O— 275 x = Um f sino de dg j oar FF | = Um f ag f Iecos2p do 2, 2 ° 1 ae r | = ten pe-sa2n] | _ J | = Von ae iad 8-8] 1 Zana), L aa | = mings = T Um ra] i > J z 3 | = Wim C40) | = Pam my —©®: Power radialid by tsoltppic sowrre 22 t rs atl, —@© Prom B&O) Um = 47 Vo. Diddy D= Um = 4). pot J Uo TT | Zource with gine squared power perttten . of ofr ab=0 for a biprce with sno OS P £2) he An tous athe. | Laduolion f tuttuettiy by Us Um_ siti _—— e hut ce pouser nod ated “Gfsec!Pe ff oral Je = f U__r*sme de da \ a 7 Un sive r? sing doe do J r2 Beoremo a 3, | = St Um gins dads =o 0-0 Qa = Um [ ( ssino- singe de dg oo onde ie amp - ain 89} do - S a Um at _ Beo0p + C0230] 4 ee a a o Us 2), [s+ épy—t= =4] = Um Par] [381 43-11 a Leas 3) a Un 7) (96) = 8 ; 2p 2D fag) = =a Um This power Boy 2quol bo power “detieres ond by “the fe0lZopie source _@= A1TUo 8 Un= 47 Vo. i H " 3 B= Um ~ Atx3 Uo 27 bTs23 2 be 2SIOLANTS? © SiINA tos B+ cog “INB N=0 B=+ 2/08 cve@- o> Dang @= 20 . i 1B) +siN(A-8) = O2NAcDEg. Me Sin (oo) =s1%9 Ox BiAbeex aan urea oa Uphcurectzona) Cpexne - = Aguored HESS pokties Eoaeaale Us Um _cos°9 —~ Ea The toby) Powes. Rodioalid Fy ia P= Srds- Sra VU o ee | # Ta. ee | a f { Um ws*® sine dedg | =0-O= ovr fo | = af f Um. Sib.) 4rpe20] A6 d, ied =Um? 72. \ehe + ste mgr9)] dod J [2 2 id oo : 1 =r ah = Um fds C [sie + (Bin 30-si00| Croley note) ) ab Leb? 2 ze above fee ae 2M gis Farm 1 Caiha9~ sy] us ae fete 3S = | or aa [ = Un (dg | -we 9 + 1. Jucos 30 poosel | ee SPs Lee, 1 = Um Cam) [-c0os © —coss0 +cos'e] Te) la + nf : eto] Un (2) frees 4 as QT Um [ase = cos g9] 12 4 [2 = hve = too! sense] Te = Tus [e+0)- =z) fe me fe po = ir um pate 6] = VU, * QMUm — FIT Up Cisohopse apace) eames