FITT 1 – LESSON 1

The Legality of Physical Education to Jesse Feiring Williams (1977)

“education through the physical”.
Article 1, International Charter of
Physical Education and Sports, UNESCO,
Stressing the total educational
Paris, 1978 and Recommendation 1,
experience, John E. Nixon and Ann E.
International Disciplinary Regional
Jewett, as restated by William Freeman
Meeting of Experts on Physical
(1977) defined physical education as
Education, UNESCO, Brisbane, 1982 –
“that phase of total process of education
which is concerned with the
“The practice of physical education and
development and utilization of the
sport is a fundamental right of all…”
individual’s movement potential and
“And this right should not be treated as
related responses, and with the stable
different in principle from the right to
behavior modifications in the individual
adequate food, shelter, and medical
which results from these responses”.
care.”
According to Robert P.
Article XIV, Section 19, 1986
Pangrazi (1998), “physical education
Constitution of the Republic of the
is that phase of general educational
Philippines –
program that contributes to the total
growth and development of each child
“The state shall promote physical
through movement experiences”.
education and encourage sports
programs, league competitions and
Deborah Wuest and Charles
amateur sports including training for
Bucher (1999) defined physical
international competition to foster self-
education as “an educational process
discipline, teamwork, and excellence for
that uses physical activity as a means to
the development of a healthy and alert
help individuals acquire skills, fitness,
citizenry.”
knowledge, and attitudes that contribute
“All educational institutions shall to their optimal development and well-
undertake regular sports activities being”
throughout the country and in
cooperation with athletic clubs and other BRIEF HISTORY
sectors.”
Physical Education has existed since the
The Definition of Physical earliest stages of humanity, in areas as
Education simple as where knowledge of basic
survival.
With new understanding of the nature Ancient Romans – component of
of human beings in which wholeness of military trainings.
the individual is the outstanding fact, Ancient Greeks – Form of
physical education becomes according entertainment.
Middle Ages – sports are considered
sinful.
Renaissance – sports are revived.
1700’s – it was promoted to masses
1800’s – P. E. found its way into formal
schools in Germany, Sweden, United
Kingdom, and America.
1900’s – the most significant
development was the large- scale
provision of P.E. programs for girls and
people with disabilities.
Objectives of Physical Education
Physical Development
To be able to maintain lifelong
health and high level of physical fitness,
one should actively participate in
physical activities.
Social Development
One can acquire desirable social
traits through participation in sports
related activities.
Emotional Development
Physical Education activities
provide opportunities for self expression
and emotional mastery.
Mental Development
Individual develops his mental
capacities as he learns different
activities.
Physical Fitness
Fitness
• The ability to carry out daily tasks
efficiently with enough physical
capacity to cope with the physical
needs of life.
• States that it is the ability to carry
out daily tasks efficiently with
enough energy left over to enjoy
leisure time pursuits and to meet
unforeseen emergencies.
• The ability to carry out daily tasks
with vigor and alertness, without
undue fatigue, and with ample
energy to enjoy leisure time
pursuits and to meet unforeseen
emergencies.
• Physical fitness at any age
depends upon eating the correct
foods, having sufficient rest,
taking adequate daily exercise,
and maintaining a strong mental
attitude.
Aspects of Fitness
1. Physical fitness - refers to the
ability of an individual to perform his
daily tasks efficiently without undue
fatigue and has some extra “reserves” in
case of emergency.
2. Social fitness - is the ability to
mingle with different types of people
and interest and concern for others.
3. Emotional fitness - refers to the
ability of an individual to control his
emotions or feelings.
4. Mental fitness - is the ability to
cope with common problems of
everyday living.
Total fitness. It refers to the fitness of
the whole person including physical,
mental, social and emotional fitness.
Components of Physical fitness
Here follows the ten components of
physical fitness and its respective
indicators;
Health-Related Fitness
Components
1. Cardio respiratory Endurance –
the ability of the lungs and heart to take
in and transport adequate amounts of
oxygen to the working muscles.
2. Muscular Endurance – the ability of
the muscles to apply a sub maximal
force repeatedly or to sustain a
muscular contraction for a certain period
of time.
3. Muscular strength – the maximal
one effort force that can be exerted
against a resistance.
4. Flexibility - the functional capacity
of a joint to move through a full range
of motion.
5. Body Composition – the ratio of
lean body tissue (muscle and bone) to
body fat tissue.
Skill-Related Fitness Components
1. Agility - quickness or movement
from one direction to another.
2. Speed - the ability of the individual
to make a successive movement of the
same kind in the shortest time
3. Balance – the state of equilibrium.
4. Power – refers to muscular power
which is the ability to release maximum
force in the shortest period of time; the
ability of the muscle to exert effort.
5. Reaction Time – the amount of
time it takes to start a movement once
your senses signal the need to move.
6. Coordination – the ability to use the
senses together with body parts in
performing tasks smoothly and
accurately
LESSON 2
FITT PRINCIPLES
F- requency (how often)
I- ntensity (how hard)
T- ime (period of time)
T- ype (what type)
WARM-UP EXERCISE
A warm up generally consists of
a gradual increase in intensity in
physical activity (a "pulse raiser"), joint
mobility exercise, and stretching,
followed by the activity.
• DYNAMIC WARM-UP
• STATIC WARM-UP
Directional Terms
Supination - body facing upward/ palm
facing up
Pronation - body facing downward/
palm facing down
Plantar flexion - pointing down
Dorsi flexion - pointing up
Flexion
- compression of muscle.
- refers to a movement that
decreases the angle between two
body parts
Extension
- relaxation of muscle.
- It refers to a movement that
increases the angle between two
body parts.
Hyperextension – is an excessive joint
movement in which the angle formed by
the bones of a particular joint is opened,
or straightened, beyond its normal,
healthy, range of motion.
Rotation
- act of turning part of the body
Circumduction
- cone movement
Abduction
- act of moving away the midline
Elevation
- is movement in a superior direction.
Depression
-is movement in an inferior direction,
Opposition
- thumb and little finger move together.
Reposition
- thumb and little finger going back to
its anatomical position
WARM-UP AND STRETCHING
Warm up exercise is a series of
movements that is needed to do before
undergoing a physical activity. This is to
prevent muscles from cramps.
Warming up is intended to
increase the body temperature in
readiness in the activity that will be
done. The aim of stretching is to
increase flexibility and joint range of
motion.
Cool Down
Cool down exercise is a series of
movements that is needed to be done
after undergoing a physical activity. It
may also prevent muscle cramps, or
headaches that may lead to fainting due
to fatigue and unnecessary right away
stop of activity.
It slow downs the heartrate,
breathing and cool downs body
temperature.