PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOS
. SHE/HE/IT WAS OR WASN’T Used to + verb inf
. I/YOU/WE/THEY WANT - GO
. SHE/HE/IT WANTS – GOES
FORMS
. (-) I/YOU/WE DO NOT (DON’T)
. SHE/HE/IT DOES NOT (DOESN’T)
• Facts or things that always
happen
Water boils at 100°
• Routines and habits
They return every week
• Timetables events
The plane arrives at 9
• Plots of films
Romeo sees Juliet and falls
• With states
I don’t like gangs
USES • Making
declarations(opinions)
I hope you are okey
• Headlines
Ship sinks in the sea
• Instructions and itineraries
First you cook the pasta
• Summary of events
The world war comes to an
end
• Historic present
Present tense in past time
With who and what is possible
to ask questions about the
OTHERS subject without using the
question form
PAST SIMPLE
. I + AM - AM NOT (‘M NOT)
. YOU/SHE/THEY + ARE (‘re) – ARE
NOT
. SHE/HE/IT + IS – IS NOT GOING
. (?) AM + I – ARE+ YOU… - IS + HE…
SIEMPRE CON ING
• For actions happening at the
moment of speaking
I ‘m doing homework
• For continuing actions that•
are not actually happen at the
moment off speaking
We ‘re learning about this •
• For changing situations
The world is becoming
warmer
• •
For future arrangements with
time reference
We ‘re leaving tomorrow
• Repeated actions
I am walking home these
days
• Complaints about annoying
habits
You are always making jokes
• Whit verbs describing
changes
The weather is getting worse
Present continuous is more We have regular and irregular We use while with present
common with action verbs verbs
Verbs which describe feelings are Subject and object questions We use when with present
more common with present are both possible (with or simple
simple without did)
PAST CONTINUOS USED TO / WOULD
. I/YOU/WE/THEY + STOPPED READING Didn’t use to
. SHE/HE/IT + DIDN’T STOP . I/YOU/WE/THEY WERE OR
Did you use to?
. (?) DID I/YOU/WE WAIT? WEREN’T READING
Would + verb inf
. (?) WHEN/ WHERE DID . (?) WAS HE… READING
Wouldn’t
YOU/SHE/WE/IT STOP? . (?) WERE YOU... READING (?)
Would you + verb
WHEN/WHO WAS HE WAITING?
• To talk about finished •
For a continuing unfished Used to
events in the past action in the past • To describe habits and
He went to the cinema
Four people were waiting states in the past
To describes events in a
outside • Especially when we
story • For a continuing action make contrast in the
Oliver heard the sound…
interrupted by a sudden present
To describe habits and
past action I used to go swimming
routines in the past
While we were doing the Would
Leandro painted in his
math test the alarm went • Describes a habitual
studio everyday off activity which was
With states • For activities as background typical of a person or a
In those days I didn’t like
descriptions period of time
reading The birds were singing … • It’s used for repeated
• For two continuing events actions but not for states
happening at the same time Every week he’d buy his
While he was talking his mother a bunch of
partner was driving flowers
• Changing states (Used to is also possible)
The car was getting worse
and worse
• Repeated actions
She was always losing her
things
continuous
Some verbs can have stative meaning and different active meaning
State
Jack is noisy
He has a Porsche
I think I like you
This fish tastes awful
I fell that you are wrong
This bag weights a ton
It depends what you mean
Event
Jack is being noisy
He is having an interview
I am thinking about getting a job
This am just tasting the soup
I am felling terrible
We are weighting the baby
I am depending on you
Contrast with the past perfect
The past simple is used with
time expressions which refers
to definite times
I bought a new car last week
(Definite time)
I have bought a new car
(Indefinite time)
I bought the car after all
(Implies definite)
 PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
. I/YOU/WE/THEY HAVE – GONE
. SHE/HE/IT HAS – GONE
. (-) I/YOU/WE HAVEN’T GONE
. SHE/HE/IT HASN’T GONE
FORMS
. (?) HAVE/HASN’T
I/YOU/WE/SHE/HE GONE?
. (?) WHEN/ WHERE HAVE/HAS
YOU/SHE/WE/IT GONE?
• To describe an event in the •
pas without a definite time
Someone has broken the
windows
• The recentness may be • To explain how recent
indicated by just
I have just seen a ghost!
• Indefinite events which may
have an obvious result in
the present • To talk about recent
I have twisted my ankle
(that’s why I am limping)
• To describe what someone
USES has completed or achieved
in a period of time
I have finished my
homework
• To describe how many
things someone has done
Scientist have found insects
• To describe someone
experiences
I have travelled by plane
• With state verbs to describe
a state which lasts up to the
present
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOS
. I/YOU/WE/THEY. HAVE BEEN
GOING
. SHE/HE/IT HAS- BEEN GOING
. (-) I/YOU/WE HAVEN’T BEEN -
GOING
. SHE/HE/IT HASN’T BEEN GOING
. (?) HAVE/HASN’T
I/YOU/WE/SHE/HE BEEN GOING?
. (?) WHEN/ WHERE HAVE/HAS
YOU/SHE/WE/IT BEEN GOING?
To talk about recent
continuing activities
What have you been doing
lately?
continuing activities have
caused the present situation
My eyes ache. I have been
reading all day
continuing activities which
will probably continue in the
future
This show has the climate has
been changing
• An incomplete activity
I have been cleaning the
house but I still haven’t
finished
• A repeated activity
I have been taking French
lessons this year
• To empathize duration
I have been writing letters all
morning
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOS
. I/YOU/WE/THEY/SHE/HE/IT . I/YOU/WE/THEY/SHE/HE/IT
HAD GONE HAD BEEN GOING
. (-) I/YOU/WE/THEY/SHE/HE/IT . (-) I/YOU/WE/THEY/SHE/HE/IT
HADN’T GONE HADN’T BEEN GOING
. (?)HAD . (?)HAD
I/YOU/WE/THEY/SHE/HE/IT I/YOU/WE/THEY/SHE/HE/IT BEEN
GONE? GOING?
. (?) WHEN/ WHERE HAD . (?) WHEN/ WHERE HAD
YOU/THEY/WE/HE/SHE/IT YOU/THEY/WE/HE/SHE/IT BEEN
GONE? GOING?
• To describe a past event • In a past tense narrative,
which happens before to describe a continuing
another event in the past action in a period of time
He arrived in the island, before something else
he had not discovered a happened
new continent Anna returned from
• We do not use past France, where she had
perfect to show that an been studying French
event happened very long • To explain a past situation,
time ago by describing the events
happening before
Both boys were wet and
muddy. They had been
playing football in the rain
FUTURE TIME
1. Present continuous future
Used for a fixed arrangement in
the future
We are having a party next
week (always refence)
2. Present simple
Used for an event that always
happens at a certain time or
timetables
The race begins on Monday
For fixed events
Tom retires in three years
To refer to future time in future
clauses
When we get there, we will
have dinner
To emphasis hen we have had a
rest, we will go
3. Will / shall (formal)
For predictions
I will win the race
To make a social arrangement
I will see you tomorrow
To make a promise, warning or
threat
To make a decision
I will open the window
4. Going to
When we talk about plans
We are going to the match
For predictions with evidence
Look! The baby is going to fall
To make a decision with a result
in the distant future
I have decided it. I am going to
study at Cambridge
 • A habitual in a period of 5. Future continuous
time up to the present Will+be+ing
I have played tennis every To describe an activity in
morning for the last month progress in the future with time
reference
This time next week. I will be
starting at my new school
It sounds more polite than will
To refer to fixed arrangements
or plans
The band will be performing in
Paris
Events that are going to happen
anyway
I will be calling to the office
anyway
6. Future perfect
Will+have+past participle
To look back from the future to
an earlier event (by-by the time)
By the time we get home, the
match will have begun

Regular verbs have -ed endings With time wors like: lately, Forgot/remembered/realized Will with adverbs for:
as the past participle, irregular recently, all (day), every We use the past perfect to . certain: definitely, certainly
verbs have irregular forms (morning), for, since describe the past events that . less certain: probably
happened before the moment . uncertain: possibly
Completed: emphasis on the we forgot, remember smthg Others ways of referring to the
achievement When he checked the ship’s future
I have ironed five shirts positions, he realized he had is/are to be (formal
OTHERS Incomplete or recently completed made a mistake arrangements)
Emphasis on duration students are to assemble in hall
I have been ironing my shirts at 9
be about to, due to, be on
point of, just
his flight is due to arrive at 5
hurry! The train is just about to
leave
• Just – recently Other future references
The class has just started – the class has recently worked with • Hope
tenses This can be followed by
• Ever (?) – never ether present or future
Have you ever had an accident? – I have never had an accident verbs form
• Yet (- and ?) I hope it doesn’t rain
Have you done it yet? – I haven’t done it yet I hope it wont rain
• Already (sooner than expected) • Others verbs followed by
I have already sent the email will
Most verbs of thinking
• For (length of time) I expect the train will be late
They have been here for (years, hours, weeks) I doubt whether Messi will win
• Since (a point in time - specific) • Shall
They have been here since (Monday, 8 o’clock, the class started) Only in questions in informal
• Been (have returned) speech
Mery has been in/to the cafeteria. She bought coffee
• Gone (not returned)
Mary has gone to the cafeteria, she will back in 10