Patient Safety

and Biohazard
safety
Dr.Archana G.J
Assistant Professor of Microbiology
 • A biological hazard, or biohazard, is a
biological substance that poses a threat
to the health of living organisms, primarily
Biohazard humans. This could include a sample of a
microorganism, virus or toxin that can
affect human health
 EBOLA
small pox

H1N1,TB,
SARS,PLAG
BIO SAFETY UE
LEVELS
Hep A,B,C
,MEASLES,
MUMPS

E.coli,NON
INFECTIOUS
BACTERIA
Always fatal
•Patient safety
 • Improving the patient safety
Hippocratic means reducing the patient
Oath harm

DO NO HARM
 Surgical safety
Electrical safety
Types Environment safety
Blood safety
Laboratory safety
PATIENT
DOCTOR
AND
NURSE
SAFETY OF
PLACE
SAFETY OF
PROPERTY
SAFETY OF
PEOPLE
 Right drug
Right patient
Principle of
patient Right dose
safety
Right route
Right time
 • Improve the patient Identification.
• Reduce the risk of HAI
• Prevent risk of patient harm resulting from falls
• Emphasis on infection control, look alike sound
PATIENT alike medications.
SAFETY GOALS • Improve the communication and
documentation
• Improve the safety while giving medications
 Definition and types of HCAI

List of causative agents

Learning Modes of transmission
objectives
Safe hospital environment

Infection prevention and control

HCAI

01 02 03
Healthcare Nosocomial Hospital
associated infections acquired
infections infections
Definition -HCAI
• An infection occurring in a
patient during the process of
care in a hospital which was
not present or incubating at
the time of admission .
• Symptoms appear
at least after 48hrs of
admission.
Infections acquired in
hospital but appearing after
discharge
Occupational infections
among staff of the health
care facility

WHO –Patient safety –Report on burden of HCAI worldwide

Microorganisms implicated in HAI

ESKAPE pathogens
Enterococcus faecalis
Staphylococcus aureus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Acinetobacter baumannii
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Enterobacter species
Other ➢Nosocomially acquired
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infections that ➢ Clostridium difficle
can spread in diarrhoea
hospitals ➢Measles,VZV
 Urinary tract infections(UTI)

Pneumonia(VAP)
HAIs TYPES
Surgical site infections(SSI)

Blood stream infections(BSI)

 Contact Inhalational Vector borne/common
vehicle transmission

• Direct-MC • Droplet >5µm

• Mosquitoes or
• Indirect • Airborne through some
<=5µm(Longer equipment or food or
duration) water
• Rare.

MODES OF TRANSMISSION
 My 5 moments of Hand Hygiene
• Before touching a patient.
• Before clean/aseptic procedure
• After touching the patient body
fluids
• After touching patient.
• After touching the patient
surroundings.
HAND RUB POSTER
PREVENTION OF HAI

01 02
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS TRANSMISSION BASED
PRECAUTIONS(SPECIFIC
PRECAUTIONS)
 • Hand hygiene
• PPE-Eg.Gloves
• Bio medical waste management
including sharps.
• Spillage cleaning.
• Respiratory hygiene or cough
etiquette

Poster -Washington state hospital Association -Ref

PPE
Personal
Protective
Equipment
 Cough
etiquette
Transmission
based
precautions

Contact
Droplet
Airborne
AIRBORNE
PRECAUTIONS

CDC,TB Infection Control Measures ,Chapter 7

Environmental cleaning

• ▫Terminal cleaning
• Equipment and the floor.

• Effective Sterilization of the

equipment and disinfection by
maintaining the quality controls
 Contact precautions
• Patients with enteric infections or diarrhoea-Cl.difficle
• MDROs –Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA),
• Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE),
• or Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae(CRE)
• ISOLATION and TAGGING
• PPE
• Patient dedicated equipment
• Hand washing
• Environmental cleaning
 RED LINE
CAMPAIGN
• In Feb 2016,Red line campaign
was launched and all antibiotics
are marked with prominent red
line.
• TO RAISE PUBLIC AWARENESS