572-5384

2019-05

Operation and Maintenance

Manual
922 Motor Grader
S9T (922 Stage Ⅱ Emission)
 Important Safety Information
Most accidents that involve product operation, maintenance and repair are caused by failure to observe basic
safety rules or precautions. An accident can often be avoided by recognizing potentially hazardous situations
before an accident occurs. A person must be alert to potential hazards, including human factors that can affect
safety. This person should also have the necessary training, skills and tools to perform these functions properly.
Improper operation, lubrication, maintenance or repair of this product can be dangerous and could result
in injury or death.
Do not operate or perform any lubrication, maintenance or repair on this product, until you verify that you
are authorized to perform this work, and have read and understood the operation, lubrication,
maintenance and repair information.
Safety precautions and warnings are provided in this manual and on the product. If these hazard warnings are not
heeded, bodily injury or death could occur to you or to other persons.
The hazards are identified by the “Safety Alert Symbol” and followed by a “Signal Word” such as “DANGER”,
“WARNING” or “CAUTION”. The Safety Alert “WARNING” label is shown below.

The meaning of this safety alert symbol is as follows:

Attention! Become Alert! Your Safety is Involved.
The message that appears under the warning explains the hazard and can be either written or pictorially
presented.
A non-exhaustive list of operations that may cause product damage are identified by “NOTICE” labels on the
product and in this publication.
Caterpillar (Qingzhou) Ltd. cannot anticipate every possible circumstance that might involve a potential
hazard. The warnings in this publication and on the product are, therefore, not all inclusive. You must not
use this product in any manner different from that considered by this manual without first satisfying
yourself that you have considered all safety rules and precautions applicable to the operation of the
product in the location of use, including site-specific rules and precautions applicable to the worksite. If a
tool, procedure, work method or operating technique that is not specifically recommended by Caterpillar
(Qingzhou) Ltd. is used, you must satisfy yourself that it is safe for you and for others. You should also
ensure that you are authorized to perform this work, and that the product will not be damaged or become
unsafe by the operation, lubrication, maintenance or repair procedures that you intend to use.
The information, specifications, and illustrations in this publication are on the basis of information that was
available at the time that the publication was written. The specifications, torques, pressures, measurements,
adjustments, illustrations, and other items can change at any time. These changes can affect the service that is
given to the product. Obtain the complete and most current information before you start any job. SEM dealers have
the most current information available.

When this product requires the replacement

parts, Caterpillar (Qingzhou) Ltd.
recommends you to use SEM replacement parts.
Failure to follow this warning may lead to
premature failures, product damage, personal
injury or death.
Table of Contents General Information ........................................22
Overall system introduction ............................23
PREFACE ....................................... 4 Product and Component Dataplate .................25
Safety Section................................ 6 Optional device ...............................................25
Instrument Information ....................................27
Description and location of the safety messages6
SEM922 Motor Grader (StageⅡ) Specifications29
General Precaution ........................................ 10
Clothing and Personal Protective Equipment . 10 Operating Information ................. 30
Pressurized Air and Water ............................. 10
General Information ........................................30
Trapped Pressure .......................................... 10
Downhill Operation .........................................30
Fluid Penetration.............................................11
Changing the Direction and Gear ...................30
Containing Fluid Spillage ................................11
Before Operation ............................................30
Dispose of Waste Properly ............................. 12
Engine Starting ...............................................32
Crushing Prevention and Cutting Prevention . 12
Controls System .............................................34
Burn Prevention ............................................. 12
Switch System ................................................36
Batteries ........................................................ 12
Operation techniques .....................................39
Fire Prevention and Explosion Prevention ..... 13
Parking ...........................................................52
Fire Extinguisher and First Aid Kit .................. 15
Machine transportation information .................53
Fire Safety ..................................................... 15
Lifting and Tying Down the Machine ...............54
Fire Extinguisher Location ............................. 16
Storage ...........................................................55
Tire Information .............................................. 16
Decommissioning and Disposal ......................56
Lightning Damage Prevention ........................ 17
Before Starting Engine ................................... 17 Maintenance Section ................... 57
Visibility Information ....................................... 17 System maintenance schedule .......................57
Restricted Visibility ......................................... 18 Inspection and Maintenance after Operation ..58
Engine Starting .............................................. 18 Lubrication of Articulation Bearing ..................70
Before Operation ........................................... 18 Common Failures and Troubleshooting ..........79
Operation ....................................................... 18 Regular maintenance basics ..........................82
Engine Stopping............................................. 19
Parking .......................................................... 19
Slope Operation ............................................. 19
Work Tools ..................................................... 20
Equipment Lowering with Engine Stopped ..... 21
Information about Sound................................ 21
Vibration Information ...................................... 21
Cab ................................................................ 22

Product Information Section ...... 22

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PREFACE
Literature Information
This manual contains safety information, operation
instructions, driving information, lubrication
information and maintenance information.
This operation manual details the important aspects
of safety, operation, maintenance, inspection, etc.,
and should be kept available and read regularly. If
this manual is missing or dirty and not legible, you
should re-purchase it at the dealer. When you sell the
machine, please ensure that the manual is also
forwarded to the new user.
The technical parameters, specifications and
illustrations in this manual are on the basis of
information that was available at the time that the
manual was written. Continuing modification of
product design may affect the maintenance and
repair of the machine which are not included in this
manual. Whenever a question arises regarding your
machine, or this manual, please consult with the
manufacturer or your dealer for the latest available
information.
SECURITY
Caterpillar (Qingzhou) Ltd. cannot anticipate every
working circumstance that might involve a hazard.
The warnings in this manual and on the product are,
therefore, not all inclusive. If a tool, procedure, work
method or operating technique that is not specifically
recommended by Caterpillar (Qingzhou) Ltd. is used,
you must satisfy yourself that it is safe for you and for
others. You should also ensure that the machine will
not be damaged or become unsafe by the operation,
lubrication, maintenance or repair procedures that
you intend to use.
Operation
The operation section is a reference for new
operators and a refresher for experienced ones. This
section includes a discussion of gauges, switches,
machine controls, attachment controls, transportation
and towing information.
Photographs and illustrations guide the operator
through correct procedures of checking, starting,
operating and stopping the machine.
Operating techniques outlined in this publication are
basic. Skill and techniques develop as the operator
gains knowledge of the machine and the capabilities
of the machine.
4
Maintenance
The maintenance section is a guide to the equipment
care. The Maintenance Interval Schedule (MIS) lists
the items to be maintained at a specific service
interval. Items without specific intervals are listed
under the “When Required” service interval. The
Maintenance Interval Schedule also lists the page
number for the step-by-step instructions required to
accomplish the scheduled maintenance. Use the
Maintenance Interval Schedule as an index or "one
safe source (spare parts, tools and fluids manuals)"
for all maintenance procedures.
Maintenance Intervals
The maintenance section of this manual is a
guideline for routine maintenance of the machine and
is organized by maintenance intervals. The
maintenance intervals listed in this manual are
determined by using the service hour meter.
Calendar intervals shown (daily, weekly, monthly,
etc.) can be used instead of service hour meter
intervals if they provide more convenient servicing
schedules and approximate the indicated service
hour meter reading. Caterpillar (Qingzhou) Ltd.
recommends service should always be performed at
the interval that occurs first. Under extremely severe,
dusty or wet operating conditions, more frequent
lubrication than is specified in the scheduled
maintenance might be necessary. Perform service on
items at multiples of the original requirement. For
example, at every 500 service hours or 3 months,
also service those items listed under every 250
service hours or monthly, every 50 service hours or
weekly and every 10 service hours or daily.
Engine Maintenance
Proper maintenance and repair is essential to keep
the engine and machine systems operating correctly.
As the heavy duty off-road diesel engine owner, you
are responsible for the performance of the required
maintenance listed in the Operation and Maintenance
Manual. It is prohibited for any person engaged in the
business of repairing, servicing, selling, leasing, or
trading engines or machines to remove, alter, or
render inoperative any emission related device or
element of design installed on or in an engine or
machine that is in compliance with the regulations.
Certain elements of the machine and engine such as
the exhaust system, fuel system, electrical system,
intake air system and cooling system may be
emission related and should not be altered unless
approved by Caterpillar (Qingzhou) Ltd.
Machine Capacity
Each loader has its own design capability. Additional
attachments or modifications may exceed loader
design capacity which can adversely affect
performance characteristics. Included would be
operational stability, brakes and steering. Please
contact your dealer for updated information. See
illustration:

SEM PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

NUMBER

1. World Manufacturing Code

2. Machine Description Section
3. Verification Symbol
4. Machine Indicator Section

5
Safety Section

Please read and become familiar with all safety instructions. Failure to do so could result in serious injury
or death.
This Safety Section also includes precautions for optional attachments.

Description and location of the safety messages

There are several specific safety messages on this machine. The exact location of the hazards and the description
of the hazards are reviewed in this section. Please become familiar with all safety messages.
Make sure that all of the safety messages are legible. Clean the safety messages or replace the safety messages if
you cannot read the words. Replace the illustrations if the illustrations are not legible. When you clean the safety
messages, use a cloth, water, and soap. Do not use solvent, gasoline, or other harsh chemicals to clean the safety
messages. Solvents, gasoline, or harsh chemicals could loosen the adhesive that secures the warning sign. Loose
adhesive will allow the warning sign to fall.
Replace any safety message that is damaged or missing. If a safety message is attached to a part of the machine
that is replaced, install a safety message on the replacement part. Any SEM dealer can provide new safety
messages.

6
7
Do Not Operate
This safety message is located in the cab.
Do not get close to the machine until the engine
stops.

Message for No Standing Under the

Boom
The message is located on the outside of the boom.

Do not operate this machine unless you have

read and understand the instructions and
warnings in the Operation and Maintenance
Manual. Failure to do so may result in personal
injury or death. Contact your SEM dealer for
manual replacement. Proper care is your
Lift Point Indicator
responsibility. The message is located on the inside of the machine.

Warn labels for Hands Hurt by Fan

The message is located at the rear of the hood.

Articulation Lock sign

The message is located in the articulation position at
the middle of the machine.

Please do not put your hands near the running

fan. Do not touch the machine in operation.

No Entry when Reversing message

The message is located on the rear of the machine.

Alternate Exits
The message is located in the cab on the right post
by the window latch.

8
 Seat Belt
This warning message is located in the cab.

If the primary exit becomes blocked, the window

on the right side can be used as an alternate exit.
Pull the latch backward, then push it outward to
open the window to the partial open position.
Remove pin from the latch. Push the window
open and exit the machine through the window.
A seat belt should be worn at all times during
machine operation to prevent serious injury or
Parking Brake sign death in the event of an accident or machine
The message is located inside the cab. overturn. Failure to fasten the seat belt during
machine operation can result in serious injury or
death.

No Stepping sign
These messages are located on the fenders, on the
hood behind the cab, and on the housing below the
right side window.

Engage the parking brake while the machine is

parking.

Hydraulic Oil
The message indicates the hydraulic oil and is Hydraulic oil Tank Drain sign
located next to the hydraulic oil tank. This message is located at the drain valve for the
hydraulic system.

Engine Oil Drain

Fuel Tank sign
This message is located at the drain valve for the
This message is located by the fuel tank.
engine oil.

9

Fuel Tank Drainage sign
This message is located at the drain valve for the fuel
tank drainage
General Precaution
Safety Requirements
• Only trained and appropriately qualified personnel
could operate and maintain the machine.
• Observe all safety rules, precautions and
instructions when operating and maintaining the
machine.
• Do not operate the machine if you do not feel well,
feel dizzy after taking medication or after drinking.
In this case, it will lead to the wrong judgment and
potential accident.
• When working with another operator or traffic
commander on site, you must ensure that all
personnel understand the hand signals being used.
• Observe all rules concerning safety.
Safety Devices
• Make sure that all protective devices and hoods are
secured in the right place. Repair timely if they are
damaged.
• Use the safety devices correctly, such as lever
lock device and seat belt which is designed to
meet ISO 6683-2005 standards.
• Never remove the safety device. Always keep it in
good working condition.
• Improper use of safety devices can result in serious
injury or death.
Lock the safety devices when you exit
the operator seat.
• Engage the parking brake switch before you exit
the seat. If the control lever is accidentally touched,
the work tools may suddenly move, causing serious
injury.
• When you leave the loader, lower the work tool
10
completely to the ground, engage the parking
brake switch, shut off the engine, lock all devices
with the key, and take the key with you.
• If the right window is closed, make sure that the
hooks are fully secured to prevent loosening.
• If the window is locked, be sure to tighten the lock
seat to prevent collision between the loose glass
and the lock seat.
Clothing and Personal
Protective Equipment
• Do not wear loose clothing or jewelry. Do not keep
long hair. They may snap into or get caught in the
controls or moving parts, causing serious injury or
death.
• Do not wear greasy clothing to prevent burning.
• When you operate or maintain the machine, wear a
hard hat, protective glasses, protective shoes,
protective masks and gloves. Wear protective
goggles, hard hat, and heavy gloves when throwing
metal chips and tiny debris, especially when
hammering pins and removing air filter
contaminants with compressed air. Also check to
make sure no one is near the machine.
Pressurized Air and Water
Pressurized air can cause personal injury. When
pressurized air is used for cleaning, wear protective
masks, protective clothing and protective shoes. The
maximum air pressure for cleaning purposes must be
below 205 kPa. The maximum water pressure for
cleaning purposes must be below 275 kPa.
• Avoid direct spraying of water on electrical
connectors, connections, and components. When
using air for cleaning, allow the machine to cool to
reduce the possibility of fine debris igniting when
re-deposited on hot surfaces.
Trapped Pressure
Pressure can be trapped in a hydraulic system.
Releasing trapped pressure can cause sudden
machine movement or attachment movement. Use
caution if you disconnect hydraulic lines or fittings.
High-pressure oil that is released can cause a hose
to whip. High-pressure oil that is released can cause
oil to spray. Fluid penetration can cause serious
injury and possible death.
Fluid Penetration
Pressure can be trapped in the hydraulic circuit long
after the engine has been stopped. The pressure can
cause hydraulic fluid or items such as pipe plugs to
escape rapidly if the pressure is not relieved
correctly.
Do not remove any hydraulic components or parts
until pressure has been relieved or personal injury
may occur. Do not disassemble any hydraulic
components or parts until pressure has been relieved
or personal injury may occur.
Always use a board or cardboard when you check for
a leak. Leaking fluid that is under pressure can
penetrate body tissue. Fluid penetration can cause
serious injury and possible death. A pin hole leak can
cause severe injury. Eg.
If fluid is injected into your skin, you must get
treatment immediately. Seek treatment from a doctor
that is familiar with this type of injury.
Containing Fluid Spillage
Care must be taken in order to ensure that fluids are
contained during performance of inspection,
maintenance, testing, adjusting, and repair of the
equipment. Prepare to collect the fluid with suitable
containers before opening any compartment or
disassembling any component that contains fluids.
Refer to Special Publication SEM Dealer Service
Tools Catalog for the following items:
• Tools that are suitable for collecting fluids and
equipment that is suitable for collecting fluids
• Tools that are suitable for containing fluids and
equipment that is suitable for containing fluids
Obey all local regulations for the disposal of liquids.
Inhalation
Exhaust
Use caution. Exhaust fumes can be hazardous to
your health. If you operate the machine in an
enclosed area, adequate ventilation is necessary.
Asbestos Materials
SEM equipment and replacement parts shipped from
Caterpillar (Qingzhou) Ltd. are asbestos free.
Caterpillar (Qingzhou) Ltd., recommends the use of
only genuine SEM replacement parts. Use the
following guidelines when you handle any
replacement parts that contain asbestos or when you
handle asbestos debris. Use caution. Avoid inhaling
dust that might be generated when you handle
components that contain asbestos fibers. Inhaling
this dust can be hazardous to your health. The
components that may contain asbestos fibers are
brake pads, brake bands, lining material, clutch
plates, and some gaskets. The asbestos that is used
in these components is bound in a resin or sealed in
some way. Normal handling is not hazardous unless
airborne dust that contains asbestos is generated.
If dust that may contain asbestos is present, there
are several guidelines that should be followed:
• Never use compressed air for cleaning.
• Avoid brushing materials that contain asbestos.
• Avoid grinding materials that contain asbestos.
• Use a wet method in order to clean up asbestos
materials.
• A vacuum cleaner that is equipped with a high
efficiency particulate air filter (HEPA) can also be
used.
• Use exhaust ventilation on permanent machining
jobs.
• Wear an approved respirator if there is no other
way to control the dust.
• Comply with applicable rules and regulations for
the work place.
11
Use the requirements found in the “Ordinance on
Prevention of Health Impairment due to Asbestos” in
addition to the requirements of the Industrial Safety
and Health Act.
• Obey environmental regulations for the disposal of
asbestos.
• Stay away from areas that might have asbestos
particles in the air.
Dispose of Waste Properly
Improperly disposing of waste can threaten the
environment. Potentially harmful fluids should be
disposed of according to local regulations.
Always use leakproof containers when you drain
fluids. Do not pour waste onto the ground, down a
drain, or into any source of water.
Crushing Prevention and
Cutting Prevention
Support the equipment properly before you perform
any work or maintenance beneath that equipment.
Do not depend on the hydraulic cylinders to hold up
the equipment. Unit can fall if a control is moved, or if
hydraulic lines break.
Do not work beneath the cab of the machine unless
the cab is properly supported.
Unless you are instructed otherwise, never attempt
adjustments while the machine is moving or while the
engine is running.
Never jump across the starter solenoid terminals in
order to start the engine. Unexpected machine
movement could result.
Whenever there are equipment control linkages the
clearance in the linkage area will change with the
movement of the equipment or the machine. Stay
clear of areas that may have a sudden change in
clearance with machine movement or equipment
movement.
Stay clear of all rotating and moving parts.
12
If it is necessary to remove guards in order to perform
maintenance, always install the guards after the
maintenance is performed. Keep objects away from
moving fan blades. The fan blade will throw objects
or cut objects.
Burn Prevention
Do not touch any part of an operating engine. Allow
the engine to cool before any maintenance is
performed on the engine. Relieve all pressure in the
air system, in the oil system, in the lubrication system,
in the fuel system, or in the cooling system before
any lines, fittings, or related items are disconnected.
Coolant
When the engine is at operating temperature, the
engine coolant is hot and under pressure. The
radiator and all lines to the heaters or to the engine
contain hot coolant.
Any contact with hot coolant or with steam can cause
severe burns. Allow cooling system components to
cool before the cooling system is drained.
Check the coolant level only after the engine has
been stopped.
Ensure that the filler cap is cool before removing the
filler cap. The filler cap must be cool enough to touch
with a bare hand. Remove the filler cap slowly in
order to relieve the pressure.
Cooling system conditioner contains alkali. Alkali can
cause personal injury.
Do not allow the alkali to contact the skin, the eyes,
or the mouth.
Oil
Hot oil and hot components can cause personal
injury. Do not allow hot oil to contact the skin. Also,
do not allow hot components to contact the skin.
Remove the hydraulic tank filler cap only after the
engine has been stopped. The filler cap must be cool
enough to touch with a bare hand. Follow the
standard procedure in this manual in order to remove
the hydraulic tank filler cap.
Batteries
The liquid in a battery is an electrolyte. Electrolyte is
an acid that can cause personal injury. Do not allow
electrolyte to contact the skin or the eyes.
Do not smoke while checking the battery electrolyte
levels. Batteries give off flammable fumes which can
explode.
Fire Prevention and Explosion • Dust that is generated from repairing nonmetallic
hoods or fenders may be flammable and/or
Prevention explosive. Repair such components in a well
ventilated area away from open flames or sparks.
Use suitable Personal Protection Equipment (PPE).
• Inspect all lines and hoses for wear or deterioration.
Replace damaged lines and hoses. The lines and
the hoses should have adequate support and
secure clamps. Tighten all connections to the
recommended torque. Damage to the protective
cover or insulation may provide fuel for fires.

All fuels, most lubricants, and some coolant mixtures

• Store fuels and lubricants in properly marked
containers away from unauthorized personnel.
are flammable.
Store oily rags and flammable materials in
To minimize the risk of fire or explosion, Caterpillar protective containers. Do not smoke in areas that
(Qingzhou) Ltd. recommends the following actions. are used for storing flammable materials.
• Always perform a Walk-Around Inspection, which
may help you identify a fire hazard. Do not operate
a machine when a fire hazard exists. Consult your
SEM dealer for details..
• Understand the use of the primary exit and
alternative exit on the machine. Refer to Operation
and Maintenance Manual, “Alternative Exit”.
• Do not operate a machine with a fluid leak. Repair
leaks and clean up fluids before resuming machine
operation. Fluids that are leaking or spilled onto hot
surfaces or onto electrical components can cause a
fire. A fire may cause personal injury or death.
• Remove flammable material such as leaves, twigs,
papers, trash, and so on. These items may • Use caution when you are fueling a machine. Do
accumulate in the engine compartment or around not smoke while you are fueling a machine. Do not
other hot areas and hot parts on the machine. fuel a machine near open flames or sparks. Do not
use cell phones or other electronic devices while
• Keep the access doors to major machine you are refueling. Always stop the engine before
compartments closed and access doors in working refueling. Fill the fuel tank outdoors. Properly clean
condition in order to permit the use of fire areas of spillage.
suppression equipment, in case a fire should occur.
Clean all accumulations of flammable materials • Avoid static electricity risk when fueling. Ultra low
such as fuel, oil, and debris from the machine. sulfur diesel (ULSD) poses a greater static ignition
hazard than earlier diesel formulations with a
Do not operate the machine near any flame. higher sulfur content. Avoid death or serious injury
from fire or explosion. Consult with your fuel or fuel
• Keep shields in place. Exhaust shields (if equipped) system supplier to ensure that the delivery system
protect hot exhaust components from oil spray or
is in compliance with fueling standards for proper
fuel spray in case of a break in a line, in a hose, or
grounding and bonding practices.
in a seal. Exhaust shields must be installed
correctly. Do not weld or flame cut on tanks or lines Never store flammable fluids in the operator
that contain flammable fluids or flammable material. compartment of the machine.
Empty and purge the lines and tanks. Then clean
the lines and tanks with a nonflammable solvent
prior to welding or flame cutting. Ensure that the
components are properly grounded in order to
avoid unwanted arcs.

13
Batteries and battery cables
Caterpillar (Qingzhou) Ltd. recommends the following
in order to minimize the risk of fire or an explosion
related to the battery.
Do not operate a machine if battery cables or related
parts show signs of wear or damage. Consult your
SEM dealer for details.
Follow safe procedures for engine starting with
jump-start cables. Improper jumper cable
connections can cause an explosion that can result in
injury. Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual,
“Engine Starting with Jump Start Cables” for specific
instructions.
Do not charge a frozen battery. This may cause an
explosion.
Gases from a battery can explode. Keep any open
flames or sparks away from the top of a battery. Do
not smoke in battery charging areas. Do not use cell
phones or other electronic devices in battery
charging areas.
Never check the battery charge by placing a metal
object across the terminal posts. Use a voltmeter in
order to check the battery charge.
Daily inspect battery cables that are in areas that are
visible. Inspect cables, clips, straps, and other
restraints for damage. Replace all damaged parts.
Check for signs of the following, which can occur
over time due to use and environmental factors:
• Fraying
• Abrasion
• Cracking
• Discoloration
• Cuts on the insulation of the cable
• Fouling
• Corroded terminals, damaged terminals, and loose
terminals
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Replace damaged battery cables and replace any
related parts. Eliminate any fouling, which may have
caused insulation failure or related component
damage or wear. Ensure that all components are
reinstalled correctly.
An exposed wire on the battery cable may cause a
short to ground if the exposed area comes into
contact with a grounded surface. A battery cable
short produces heat from the battery current, which
may be a fire hazard.
An exposed wire on the ground cable between the
battery and the disconnect switch may cause the
disconnect switch to be bypassed if the exposed area
comes into contact with a grounded surface. This
may result in an unsafe condition for servicing the
machine. Repair components or replace components
before servicing the machine.
Fire on a machine could result in personal injury
or death. Exposed battery cables that come into
contact with a grounded connection could result
in fires.
Check electrical wires daily. If any of the following
conditions exist, replace parts before you operate the
machine.
• Fraying
• Signs of abrasion or wear
• Cracking
• Discoloration
• Cuts on insulation
• Other damage
Make sure that all clamps, guards, clips, and straps
are reinstalled correctly. This will help to prevent
vibration, rubbing against other parts, and excessive
heat during machine operation.
Attaching electrical wiring to hoses and tubes that
contain flammable fluids or combustible fluids should
be avoided.
Consult your sem dealer for repair or replacement
parts. Keep wiring and electrical connections free of
debris.
Lines, Tubes, and Hoses
Do not bend high-pressure lines. Do not strike
high-pressure lines. Do not install any lines that are
bent or damaged. Use the appropriate backup
wrenches to tighten all connections to the
recommended torque.
Check lines, tubes, and hoses carefully. Wear
Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) to check for
leaks. Always use a board or cardboard when you
check for a leak. Leaking fluid that is under pressure
can penetrate body tissue. Fluid penetration can
cause serious injury and possible death. A pin hole
leak can cause severe injury. If fluid is injected into
your skin, you must get treatment immediately. Seek
treatment from a doctor that is familiar with this type
of injury.
Replace the affected parts if any of the following
conditions are present:
• End fittings are damaged or leaking.
• Outer coverings are chafed or cut.
• Wires are exposed.
• Outer coverings are swelling or ballooning.
• Flexible parts of the hoses are kinked.
• Outer covers have exposed embedded armoring.
• End fittings are displaced.
Make sure that all clamps, guards, and heat shields
are installed correctly. During machine operation, this
will help to prevent vibration, rubbing against other
parts, excessive heat, and failure of lines, tubes, and
hoses.
Do not operate a machine when a fire hazard exists.
Repair any lines that are corroded, loose, or
damaged. Leaks may provide fuel for fires. Consult
your SEM dealer for repair or replacement parts. Use
genuine SEM parts or the equivalent, for capabilities
of both the pressure limit and temperature limit.
Ether
Ether (if equipped) is commonly used in cold-weather
applications. Ether is flammable and poisonous.
Only use approved ether cylinders for the ether
dispensing system fitted to your machine. Do not
spray ether manually into an engine. Follow the
correct cold engine starting procedures.
Use ether in ventilated areas. Do not smoke while
you are replacing an ether cylinder. Do not store
ether cylinders in living areas or in the operator
compartment of a machine. Do not store ether
cylinders in direct sunlight or in temperatures above
49°C (120.2°F). Keep ether cylinders away from
open flames or sparks. Dispose of used ether
cylinders properly. Do not puncture an ether cylinder.
Keep ether cylinders away from unauthorized
personnel.
Fire Extinguisher and First Aid
Kit
In the event of injury or fire, take actions according to
the following precautions.
• Keep a fire extinguisher on the machine. Read the
instructions carefully and make sure to know how to
use.
• Always have a first aid kit at the work site. Check
regularly and, if necessary, supplement some
medicines.
• Know what to do in case of a fire or injury.
• Make available the phone numbers of some people
(such as doctors, emergency centers, fire stations,
etc.) to contact in case of emergency. Put these
contact numbers in the specified places and make
sure all people know the numbers and the correct
method of contact.
Fire Safety
Note: Locate secondary exits and how to use the
secondary exits before you operate the machine.
Note: Locate fire extinguishers and how to use a fire
extinguisher before you operate the machine.
If you find that you are involved in a machine fire,
your safety and that of others on site is the top priority.
The following actions should only be performed if the
actions do not present a danger or risk to you and
any nearby people. At all times you should assess
the risk of personal injury and move away to a safe
distance as soon as you feel unsafe.
Move the machine away from flammables, such as
gas stations, buildings, garbage dumps, coverings
and wood. Lower any implements and turn off the
15
engine as soon as possible. If you leave the engine
running, the engine will continue to feed a fire. Any
damaged hoses that are connected to the engine or
pump can cause a fire.
Turn the battery disconnect switch to the OFF
position, if possible. Disconnecting the battery will
eliminate the ignition source in the event of a short
circuit. Disconnecting the battery will eliminate a
second ignition source if electrical wiring is damaged
by the fire, resulting in a short circuit.
Notify emergency personnel of the fire and your
location. If your machine is equipped with a fire
suppression system, follow the manufacturer’s
procedure to activate the system.
Note: Fire suppression systems need to be regularly
inspected by qualified personnel. You must be
trained to operate the fire suppression system.
Use the on-board fire extinguisher and use the
following procedure:
1. Pull the pin.
2. Aim the extinguisher or nozzle at the base of the
fire.
3. Squeeze the handle and release the
extinguishing agent.
4. Sweep the extinguisher from side to side across
the base of the fire until the fire is put out.
Remember, if you are unable to do anything else,
shut off the machine before exiting. By shutting off
the machine, fuels will not continue to be pumped
into the fire.
If the fire grows out of control, be aware of the
following risks:
• Tires on wheeled machines pose a risk of explosion
as tires burn. Hot shrapnel and debris can be
thrown great distances in an explosion.
• Tanks, accumulators, hoses, and fittings can
rupture in a fire, spraying fuels and shrapnel over a
large area.
• Remember that nearly all of the fluids on the
machine are flammable, including coolant and oils.
Additionally, plastics, rubbers, fabrics, and resins in
fiberglass panels are also flammable.
Unauthorized Modification
Any modifications not approved by Caterpillar
(Qingzhou) Ltd. may result in danger. Before
modifying the machine, consult your dealer
designated by Caterpillar (Qingzhou) Ltd. Caterpillar
(Qingzhou) Ltd. assumes no liability for any damages
resulting from unauthorized modifications.
16
Fire Extinguisher Location
Make sure that a fire extinguisher is available on the
machine. Be familiar with the operation of the fire
extinguisher. Inspect the fire extinguisher and service
the fire extinguisher on a regular basis. Obey the
recommendations on the instruction plate.
Mount the fire extinguisher in the cab.
If the fire extinguisher is mounted on the ROPS, strap
the mounting plate to a leg of the ROPS. If the weight
of the fire extinguisher is more than 4.5 kg (10 lb),
mount the fire extinguisher as low as possible on one
leg. Do not mount the fire extinguisher at the upper
one-third area of the ROPS leg.
Note: Do not weld the ROPS structure in order to
install the fire extinguisher. Also, do not drill holes in
the ROPS structure in order to mount the fire
extinguisher on the ROPS.
Tire Information
Explosions of pneumatic tires have resulted from
heat-induced gas combustion inside the tires.
Explosions can be caused by heat that is generated
by welding, by heating rim components, by external
fire, or by excessive use of brakes.
A tire explosion is much more violent than a blowout.
The explosion can propel the tire, the rim
components, and the axle components from the
machine. Stay outside the area with flying objects.
Both the force of the explosion and the flying debris
can cause property damage, personal injury, or
death.
Typical example of tire is shown below.
Do not approach a warm or an apparently damaged
tire.
Caterpillar (Qingzhou) Ltd. recommends against
using water or calcium as a ballast for the tires except
in machines designed for this additional mass. For
those applicable machines, the maintenance section
will contain instructions on the correct tire inflation
and filling procedures. Ballast, such as fluid in the
tires, increases overall machine weight and may
affect braking, steering, power train components, or
the certification of the protective structure such as the
ROPS. The use of tire/rim rust preventatives or other
liquid additives is not required.
To avoid overinflation, proper nitrogen inflation
equipment and training in the usage of the
equipment are necessary. A tire blowout or a rim
failure can result from improper equipment or
from misused equipment, which could result in
personal injury or death. Due to the high pressure
of approximately 15,000 kPa (2,200 psi) in the
nitrogen tank when fully filled, improper use of
the inflation equipment can result in tire blowout
and/or rim failure.
Dry nitrogen gas is recommended for inflation of tires.
If the tires were originally inflated with air, nitrogen is
still preferred for adjusting the pressure. Nitrogen
mixes properly with air.
Nitrogen inflated tires reduce the potential of a tire
explosion because nitrogen does not aid combustion.
Nitrogen helps to prevent oxidation of the rubber,
deterioration of rubber, and corrosion of rim
components.
To avoid overinflation, proper nitrogen inflation
equipment and training in the usage of the equipment
are necessary. A tire blowout or a rim failure can
result from improper equipment or from misused
equipment.
When you inflate a tire, stand behind the tread and
use a self-attaching chuck.
Servicing tires and rims can be dangerous. Only
trained personnel that use proper tools and proper
procedures should perform this maintenance.
If correct procedures are not used for servicing tires
and rims, the assemblies could burst with explosive
force. This explosive force can cause serious
personal injury or death. Carefully obey the specific
instructions from your tire dealer.
Lightning Damage Prevention
When lightning is striking in the vicinity of the
machine, the operator should never attempt the
following procedures:
• Mount the machine.
• Dismount the machine.
If you are in the operator’s station during an electrical
storm, stay in the operator’s station. If you are on the
ground during an electrical storm, stay away from the
vicinity of the machine.
Before Starting Engine
The steering frame lock must be in the unlocked
position in order to steer the machine.
Start the engine only from the operator compartment.
Never short across the starter terminals or across the
batteries. Shorting could bypass the engine neutral
start system. Shorting could also damage the
electrical system.
Inspect the condition of the seat belt and the
condition of the mounting hardware. Replace any
damaged parts or worn parts. Regardless of
appearance, replace the seat belt after three years of
use.
Do not use a seat belt extension on a retractable seat
belt. Adjust the seat so that full pedal travel can be
achieved when the operator's back is against the
back of the seat.
Make sure that the machine is equipped with a
lighting system that is adequate for the job conditions.
Make sure that all lights are working properly.
Before you start the engine or before you move the
machine, make sure that no one is on the machine,
underneath the machine, or around the machine.
Ensure that there are no personnel in the area.
Visibility Information
Before you start the machine, perform a walk-around
inspection in order to ensure that there are no
hazards around the machine.
While the machine is in operation, constantly survey
the area around the machine in order to identify
potential hazards as hazards become visible around
the machine.
Before operating the machine, ensure that the visual
aids are in proper working condition and that the
visual aids are clean. Adjust the visual aids using the
procedures that are located in this Operation and
Maintenance Manual. It may not be possible to
provide direct visibility on large machines to all areas
around the machine. Appropriate job site
organization is required in order to minimize hazards
that are caused by restricted visibility. Job site
organization is a collection of rules and procedures
that coordinates machines and people that work
together in the same area. Examples of job site
organization include the following:
• Safety instructions
• Controlled patterns of machine movement and
vehicle movement
• Workers that direct traffic to move when it is safe
17
• Restricted areas
• Operator training
• Warning symbols or warning signs on machines or
on vehicles
• A system of communication
• Communication between workers and operators
prior to approaching the machine
Modifications of the machine configuration by the
user that result in a restriction of visibility shall be
evaluated.
Restricted Visibility
The size and the configuration of this machine may
result in areas that cannot be seen when the operator
is seated. The illustration provides an approximate
visual indication of areas of significant restricted
visibility. The illustration indicates restricted visibility
areas at ground level inside a radius of 12 m (40 ft)
from the operator on a machine without the use of
optional visual aids. This illustration does not provide
areas of restricted visibility for distances outside a
radius of 12 m (40 ft). ISO 5006-2006 and ISO
14401-1&2-2004 standards must be met.
Note: The shaded areas indicate the approximate
location of areas with significant restricted
visibility.
Engine Starting
If a warning tag is attached to the engine start switch
or to the controls, do not start the engine and do not
move any controls.
18
Move all hydraulic controls to the HOLD position
before you start the engine.
Move transmission control into the NEUTRAL
position. Engage the parking brake.
Diesel engine exhaust contains products of
combustion which can be harmful to your health.
Always operate the engine in a well ventilated area. If
you are in an enclosed area, vent the exhaust to the
outside.
Briefly sound the horn before you start the engine.
Check for the presence of personnel. Ensure that all
personnel are clear of the machine.
Before Operation
Ensure that there are no personnel on the machine or
in the area around the machine.
Remove any debris that builds up in and around the
hoses and fittings to reduce damage or wear to the
hoses and fittings.
Clear all obstacles from the path of the machine.
Beware of hazards such as wires, ditches, etc.
Ensure that all windows are clean. Secure the doors
and the windows in the open position or in the shut
position.
Adjust the rear view mirrors (if equipped) for the best
vision of the area near the machine.
Ensure that the horn, the backup alarm (if equipped),
and all other warning devices are working properly.
Fasten the seat belt securely.
Operation
Only operate the machine while you are sitting in the
operator seat. The seat belt must be fastened while
you operate the machine. Only operate the controls if
the engine is running.
While you operate the machine slowly in an open
area, check for proper operation of all controls and all
protective devices.
Before you move the machine, make sure that no
one will be endangered. Do not allow riders on the
machine unless the machine has an additional seat
with a seat belt. The rider must be seated and the
seat belt must be fastened.
Never use the work tool for a work platform. Note any
needed repairs during machine operation. Report any
needed repairs.
Carry work tools at approximately 40 cm above
ground level.
Do not go close to the edge of a cliff, an excavation,
or an overhang.
Avoid operating the machine across the slope. When
possible, operate the machine up the slopes and
down the slopes. If the machine begins to sideslip on
a downgrade, immediately remove the load and turn
the machine downhill.
Avoid any conditions that can lead to tipping the
machine. The machine can tip when you work on hills,
on banks and on slopes. Also, the machine can tip
when you cross ditches, ridges, or other unexpected
obstructions. Maintain control of the machine. Do not
overload the machine beyond the machine capacity.
Never straddle a wire cable. Never allow other
personnel to straddle a wire cable.
Know the maximum dimensions of your machine.
Fueling Machine
Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) poses a greater
static ignition hazard than earlier diesel
formulations with a higher sulfur content, which
may result in a fire or explosion. Consult with
your fuel or fuel system supplier for details on
proper grounding and bonding practices.
To avoid possible injury or death, do not smoke
while in an area that contains flammable liquids.
All fuels, most lubricants, and some coolants are
flammable.
Keep all fuels and lubricants stored in properly
marked containers and away from unauthorized
persons.
Fuel leaked or spilled onto hot surfaces or electrical
components can cause a fire.
Store all oily rags or other flammable materials in a
protective container in a safe place.
Remove all flammable materials such as fuel, oil, and
other debris before they accumulate on the machine.
Do not expose the machine to flames, burning brush,
etc., if at all possible.
Locate the fuel filler on the machine, and remove the
filler cap. After fueling the machine, replace the filler
cap and lock the filler cap into position.
The filler cap may be hot. To avoid injury, use
personal protective equipment. Allow the cap to cool
before fueling the machine.
Engine Stopping
Do not stop the engine immediately after the machine
has been operated under load. This can cause
overheating and accelerated wear of engine
components.
After the machine is parked and the parking brake is
engaged, allow the engine to run for five minutes
before shutdown. This allows hot areas of the engine
to cool gradually.
Parking
Park the machine on a level surface. If you must park
the machine on a grade, block the tires. Please
consider the following factors:
• Size of tire
• Weight of machine
• Condition of surface
Apply the service brake in order to stop the machine.
Move the transmission control (lever) to the
NEUTRAL position. Move the throttle control to the
low idle position. Engage the parking brake. Lower all
work tools to the ground. Activate any control locks.
Stop the engine. Turn the engine start switch to the
OFF position and remove the engine start switch key.
Always turn the battery disconnect switch to the OFF
position before leaving the machine.
If the machine will not be operated for a month or
more, remove the battery disconnect switch key.
Slope Operation
The safe machine operation in various applications
depends on the following conditions: the machine
model, configuration, machine maintenance,
operating speed of the machine, conditions of the
terrain, fluid levels, and tire inflation pressures. The
most important criteria are the skill and judgment of
the operator.
A well trained operator that follows the instructions in
the Operation and Maintenance Manual has the
greatest impact on stability. Operator training
provides a person with the following abilities:
observation of working and environmental conditions,
feel for the machine, identification of potential
hazards, and operating the machine safely by making
appropriate decisions.
When you work on side hills and when you work on
slopes, consider the following important points:
19
Speed of Travel – At higher speeds, forces of inertia
tend to make the machine less stable.
Roughness of terrain or surface – The machine
may be less stable with uneven terrain.
Direction of travel – Avoid operating the machine
across the slope. When possible, operate the
machine up the slopes and down the slopes. Place
the heaviest end of the machine uphill when you are
working on an incline.
Mounted equipment – Balance of the machine may
be impeded by the following components: equipment
that is mounted on the machine, machine
configuration, weights, and counterweights.
Nature of surface – Ground that has been newly
filled with earth may collapse from the weight of the
machine.
Surface material – Rocks and moisture of the
surface material may drastically affect the machine's
traction and machine's stability. Rocky surfaces may
promote side slipping of the machine.
Slippage due to excessive loads – This may cause
downhill tracks or downhill tires to dig into the ground,
which will increase the angle of the machine.
Width of tracks or tires – Narrower tracks or tires
further increase the digging into the ground which
causes the machine to be less stable.
Implements attached to the drawbar – This may
decrease the weight on the uphill tracks. This may
also decrease the weight on the uphill tires. The
decreased weight will cause the machine to be less
stable.
Height of the working load of the machine – When
the working loads are in higher positions, the stability
of the machine is reduced.
Operated equipment – Be aware of performance
features of the equipment in operation and the effects
on machine stability.
Operating techniques – Keep all attachments or
pulled loads low to the ground for optimum stability.
Machine systems have limitations on slopes –
Slopes can affect the proper function and operation
of the various machine systems. These machine
systems are needed for machine control.
Note: Safe operation on steep slopes may require
special machine maintenance. Excellent skill of the
operator and proper equipment for specific
applications are also required. Consult the Operation
and Maintenance Manual sections for the proper fluid
level requirements and intended machine use.
20
Work Tools
Only work tools recommended by Caterpillar
(Qingzhou) Ltd. may be used on SEM machines. Any
use of work tools including buckets that are not
recommended by Caterpillar (Qingzhou) Ltd. or
whose weight, size, flow rate, pressure, etc. exceed
the specified specifications may result in diminished
performance of the machine, including but not limited
to, reduced production, stability, reliability, and
component durability. Caterpillar (Qingzhou) Ltd.
recommends appropriate work tools for our machines
to maximize the value our customers receive from
our products. Caterpillar (Qingzhou) Ltd. understands
that customers may use work tools that exceed our
specifications under special circumstances. In these
cases, customers must be aware that such choices
can reduce the machine performance and can affect
their warranty claims when they detect premature
failures on the machine.
Make sure to use work tools and work tool control
systems that are compatible with SEM machine for
safe machine operation and/or reliable machine
operation. Consult your SEM dealer with any
questions that concern the compatibility of a
particular work tool with your machine. Make sure
that all protective guards are secured in place on the
machine and on the work tools.
Secure all windows and doors of the machine in the
shut position. A polycarbonate guard needs to be
installed when the machine is not equipped with
windows and when a work tool that creates flying
objects is used.
Do not exceed the maximum operating weight as
specified.
If your machine is equipped with an extendable stick,
install the driver pin when you are using the following
work tools: When you are working with the hydraulic
hammers, augers and compactors, you should
always wear the goggles. Always wear the protective
equipment that is recommended in the operation
manual for the work tool. Wear other protective
equipment that is required for working condition.
To avoid injury caused by flying objects, ensure that
all personnel are out of the work area.
While you are performing any maintenance, any
testing, or any adjustments to the work tool, stay
clear of the following areas: cutting edges, pinching
surfaces, and crushing surfaces.
Never use the work tool for a work platform.
Equipment Lowering with
Engine Stopped
Before lowering any equipment with the engine
stopped, clear the area around the equipment of all
personnel. The procedure to use will vary with the
type of equipment to be lowered. Keep in mind that
most systems use a high pressure fluid or air to raise
or lower the equipment. The procedure will cause
high pressure air, hydraulic, or some other media to
be released in order to lower the equipment. Wear
appropriate personal protective equipment and follow
the established procedure in the Operation and
Maintenance Manual, “Equipment Lowering with
Engine Stopped” in the Operation Section of the
manual.
Information about Sound
The sound values indicated below are for specific
operating conditions only. Machine and operator
sound levels will vary with the speed of engine and/or
cooling fan. The cab was properly installed and
maintained. The test was conducted with the cab
doors and the cab windows closed. Hearing
protection may be needed when the machine is
operated with a cab that is not properly maintained,
or when the doors and/or windows are open for
extended periods or in a noisy environment.
The declared dynamic operator sound pressure level
for a standard machine configuration, measured
according to the procedures specified in
ISO6396:2008, is 86 dB(A) with a cooling fan speed
set to the maximum value.
The specified dynamic machine sound pressure level
for a standard machine configuration, measured
according to the procedures specified in
ISO6395:2008, is 113 dB(A) with a cooling fan speed
set to the maximum value.
Hearing protection may be also needed when the
machine is operated with an open operator station
for extended periods or in a noisy environment.
Hearing protection may be also needed when the
machine is operated with a cab that is not properly
maintained, or when the doors and windows are
open for extended periods or in a noisy
environment.
Vibration Information
Information Concerning Seat Vibration
The suspension seat meets the criteria of "ISO
7096". This represents vertical vibration level under
severe operating conditions. This seat is tested with
the input "spectral class EM3". The seat has a
transmissibility factor of “SEAT<1.0”.
Guidelines for Reducing Vibration Levels
on Earthmoving Equipment
Vibration levels are influenced by many different
parameters, such as: operator training, operator
behaviour, operator mode and stress, job site
organization, job site preparation, job site
environment, job site weather, job site material,
machine type, quality of the seat, quality of the
suspension system, attachments, and condition of
the equipment.
Properly adjust machines. Properly maintain
machines. Operate machines smoothly. Maintain the
conditions of the terrain. The following guidelines can
help reduce the whole-body vibration level:
1. Use the right type and size of machine, equipment
and attachments.
2. Maintain machines according to the manufacturers
recommendations: tire pressures and brake and
steering systems, controls, hydraulic system, and
linkages.
3. Keep the terrain in good condition by performing
the following items: remove any large rocks or
obstacles, fill any ditches and holes and provide
machines and schedule time to maintain the
conditions of the terrain.
4. Keep the seat maintained and adjusted by doing
the following: adjust the seat and suspension for the
weight and the size of the operator and inspect and
maintain the seat suspension and adjustment
mechanisms.
5. Perform the following operations smoothly: steer,
brake, accelerate, and shift the gears.
6. Move the attachments smoothly.
7. Adjust the machine speed and the route to
minimize the vibration level by doing the following:
drive around obstacles and rough terrain and slow
down when necessary to go over rough terrain.
8. Minimize vibrations for a long work cycle or a long
travel distance by doing the following: use machines
that are equipped with suspension systems, if no ride
control system is available, reduce speed to prevent
bounce and haul the machines between workplaces.
9. Less operator comfort may be caused by other risk
factors. The following guidelines can be effective to
provide better operator comfort: adjust the seat and
adjust the controls to achieve good posture,
adjust the mirrors to minimize twisted posture,
provide breaks to reduce long periods of sitting, avoid
jumping from the cab, minimize repeated handling of
loads and lifting of loads and minimize any shocks
and impacts during sports and leisure activities.
Consult your local SEM dealer for more information
about machine features that minimize vibration levels.
Consult your local SEM dealer about safe machine
operation.
21
Cab
Any modifications to the inside of the operator station
should not project into the operator space or into the
space for the companion seat (if equipped). The
defined operator and companion seat space (if
equipped) will be maintained. if the addition of a radio,
fire extinguisher, and other equipment must be
installed. Any item that is brought into the cab should
not project into the defined operator space or the
space for the companion seat (if equipped). Loose
items must be secured. Objects must not pose an
impact hazard in rough terrain or in the event of a
rollover. If your machine is equipped with
ROPS/FOPS, when plastic deformation or breakage
(e.g. due to rollover, falling compact or slight roll)
occurs on any part, consult Caterpillar (Qingzhou) Ltd.
or your local dealer. The design of ROPS/FOPS
meets ISO 3471-2008 and ISO 3449-2008
standards.
22
Product Information
Section
General Information
The key features of SEM922 motor grader include
using a large-space cab which provides quietness,
comfort and excellent visibility;Blade maneuverability
and working range as a world class motor grader;
Various optional work tools that are applicable to
various operating conditions, meeting customer
diverse needs and bringing maximum benifits.
SEM922 Motor Grader is a multi-purpose
earth-moving machinery with high-speed,
high-efficiency, high-precision. The scraper of the
SEM922 motor grader is installed between the front
and rear axles to level the ground and paving
materials based on various grade requirements. It is
mainly used for grading of large-area sites, shaping
of subgrade in road projects, repair of slopes, trench
excavation, paving and mixing of pavement materials.
If the ripper, bulldozer or snow wings are added on
the machine, you can also do the scarifing, dozing,
snow removal and other operations.
NOTE: If the machine is equipped with snow wing,
the ladder on the right side of cab is removed and
the door on the right side of cab cannot be fully
opened, which is only used for exit cab in
anemergency situation.
The machine moldboard can complete the
six-degree-of-freedom parameter motion in the space,
that is, the movement and rotation along the spatial
coordinate axes x, y, z. They can be performed
individually or together.The machine can provide the
sufficient strength and stability for the roadbed in the
construction of subgrade. The main methods in this
construction includes the grading, slope cutting and
roadbed filling.
The machine is comprised of diesel engines,
hydraulic systems, power train, brake system,
electrical system, structural parts, thin plates and cab.
As shown in the figure below (complete machine
system introduction).
7-hole blade dowel rod: The standard 7-hole blade
dowel hole, blade linkage and longer and higher main
frame make a wide range of blade positioning , which
provide the following benefits:
The working performance is improved in the slope
range of 1.5: 1 to 2: 1.
The productivity is improved by increasing the blade
extending distance and the cutting angle. This is
achieved by using a longer blade lift and the center
shift cylinder.
Overall system introduction

1. Structure 4. Sheet Metal 7. HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

2. Cab 5. Transmission 8. Driveline
3. Engine System 6. COOLING SYSTEM 9. Electrical System

23
Diesel Engines
This machine is equipped with the six-cylinder,
four-stroke, water-cooled, turbocharged, charge
air-cooled engine. This engine provides the good
cold start performance, high land operation
performance, low fuel consumption, low noise,
reduced pollution emissions, high reliability and
durability.
• High torque at low-speed, strong power, good
acceleration
• Low noise
• High reliability
• Comprehensive function
Hydraulic System
The hydraulic system is divided into three parts:
implement hydraulic system, steering hydraulic
system and fan hydraulic system.
The equipment hydraulic system is used to control
the movement of various devices (blade, ripper,
landscape rakes, bulldozer blade, etc.) on the grader,
including the lifting and lowering of the left and right
sides of the blade, the blade swing, and the blade
sideshift with respect to the circle or sideshifts with
the circle, the changes on blade cutting angle, the
rotation of the circle, the retraction of ripper,
landscape rake and the front blade.
The grader steering hydraulic system is a full
hydraulic steering system, that is, the steering wheel
directly drives the hydraulic steering gear to achieve
power steering.
It uses the advanced hydraulic driven fan technology.
When the engine speed is low, the fan speed
decreases and when the engine speed rises, the fan
speed increases. Hydraulic drive technology can
reduce the engine power loss, while improving the
overall operating efficiency.
Driveline
It consists of a power shift transmission and a rear
drive axle.
Transmission: The transmission is a -shaft,
straight-tooth, constant-engaged, power-shift
transmission. It is located in the front of the rear
frame and is a six-speed electronically controlled shift
transmission. The machine can be moved forward
and backward at different speeds by control the shift
lever.
24
Rear Drive Axle: As the main component of the
power train system, the grader drive axle is mainly
used to increase the torque from the engine, and
distribute the torque to the left and right driving
wheels, and make the wheels on both side have
differential function. At the same time, the drive axle
also bears various forces from the road and frame.
The power from the engine is transmitted to the
gearbox through the torque converter, and then
transmitted by the drive shaft to the rear axle to
directly drive the rear wheels and allow the grader to
move.
Introduction on limited slip differential
SEM grader rear drive axle is equipped with NoSPIN
differential. The performance of the machine
equipped with NoSPIN differential is slightly different
from that of the machine equipped with traditional
differential. The noise from the disengagement and
re-engagement of the working mechanism can be
heard when cornering, and the transition of the wheel
driving torque from side to side may be felt. These
features are normal due to the structure of NoSPIN
differential.
Brake System
The brake system is divided into service brake,
secondary brake and parking brake. The service
brake system is a double-circuit caliper disc type.
When the brake pedal is depressed, the compressed
air from the air cylinder enters the air booster pump
through the braking valve, and the braking oil enters
the brake to stop the machine;The parking brake is a
drum type brake installed on the transmission output
shaft flange. The parking brake is engaged by the
operation of the manual brake lever.
Electrical system
The electrical system of the machine is powered by
two 12 v batteries in series, rated at 24 v. It contains
starter system, power generation system, control
system, lighting system, instrumentation signal
system, etc.;The alternator is driven by the engine
through a belt. Under normal conditions, the
alternator can supply power to the electrical
equipments and charge the batteries. Each control
switch controls individual appliance.
Structural Parts
The structural parts on the machine includes the front
frame and the rear frame. The front frame includes
the implement of the grader;The rear unit, namely
rear frame is main part of the grader which includes
power traveling driveline and rear wheel. The front
and rear units are hinged together.
Cab required.

The cabs are classified into rollover cab and
conventional cab. The ROPS and FOPS can
effectively protect the operator's safety in the event of
rollover and falling objects. Modal analysis and test
verification show that the cab with the damping
system can greatly reduce the vibration and noise
levels inside the cab, and improve the comfort of the
cab and the operator's work efficiency. In order to
give the driver a good view when operating the
machine, our designers equip the machine with glass
windows and doors that are optimized in design. For
the basic configuration, the premium seats, rear wiper,
radio, heating and air conditioning control etc. can be
added to improve the operator's comfort. The
operating system is ergonomically arranged for
convenient and comfortable operation.
Engine Dataplate
This dataplate is located on the engine timing gear
housing.
The dataplate mainly contains the information about
the engine ratings, rated speed, factory number, date
of manufacture, net weight, name and address of
manufacturer, etc.
Transmission plate
The plate is located on the lower right side of the
transmission case.
The data plate mainly contains model, torque
converter model, number, date, and manufacturer
name.

Sheets Optional device

The sheets include hood, oil tank, diesel fuel tanks,
etc.
Cab
Description
Product and Component
Cab STANDARD CAB
Dataplate (Optional) Rollover Cab (ROPS+FOPS)

The dataplates of the machines and components are

mainly for the users of the machine to understand the Seat
general information of the machines and components,
as well as to provide preliminary service support for Conventional seat
the dealers during repair and maintenance.
Capability
The suspension damping device can adjust the
weight
The armrest is equipped for rest of the operator's
arm
Conventional
seat (large Backrest is infinitely adjusted and can be folded
seat) forward
Adjustable height
Equipped with headrest (Optional)
Equipped with seat belt
Brand(A)____________________________
Machine Mass(B)_____________________ Premium seat
Engine Model(C)_____________________ Capability
Dimension(D)________________________ The suspension damping device can adjust the
weight
Product Identification Number(E)_________
The armrest is equipped for rest of the operator's arm
Model(F)____________________________
Backrest is infinitely adjusted and can be folded
Max Nominal Speed(G)________________ Premium forward
seat
Engine Power(H)_____________________ Adjustable height
(fabric)
Equipped with a file bag for storage of documents and
Manufacture Date(I)___________________
manuals
Local regulation may require documentation of the Equipped with seat belt
Month and/or Year of manufacture in the Opeation
and Maintenance Manual. Enter on line (I) above if Optional headrest

25
Air Conditioning System
Air Conditioner Used at high temperature
Heating Used at low temperature

Electrical Systems
Optional cab appliances

Appliances Name

Optional cab Rear wiper group (with switch)

appliances Rear washer group (with switch)

Activate the group

Appliances Name
Starting system at normal temperature
Activate the optional Starting device used under low
device temperature
Starting device used at polar region

Other terms available

Appliances Name
Cold Start switch
Rotating beacon
Other terms available Snow plowing electrical device
Front dome light electrical unit
Machine tracking device

Structural Parts
Description
Blade group (12 feet)
Optional blade Blade group (13 feet)
Blade group (14 feet)

Description
Rear ripper (5 tip)
scarifier tip (9 tip)
Optional work tool Rear ripper + front blade
SNOW WING
Middle snow wing

26
Instrument Information

No Description Symbol Capability

Displays the speed per hour, fuel tank level, battery voltage, working
1 LCD Display
hours and engine oil pressure.

Engine Speed Displays the engine speed of the machine with a range of 0 - 30*100
2
Tachometer RPM.

3 Left Air Pressure Gauge Displays the left air pressure with a range of 0 - 1 MPa

Level Two or Three When a level two or three warning occurs on the vehicle, this
4
Warning Indicator indicator is ON。

This indicator is on, indicating that the operating oil pressure of the
Transmission Oil
5 hydraulic clutch is too low and the machine should be shut down for
Pressure Indicator
inspection immediately.

This indicator is on, indicating that the brake pressure is too low and
Low brake pressure
6 the brake system is not operating properly. Stop the machine for
indicator
inspection immediately.

27
 No Description Symbol Capability

7 Left Turn Indicator This indicator flashes when the turn signal switch is pushed forward.

This indicator is on, indicating that the engine oil pressure is too low
8 Oil Pressure Indicator
and stop the machine immediately for inspection.

When the vehicle enters the parking brake state and the parking
9 Parking brake indicator
brake is engaged, this light turns on.

The indication of the temperature gauge is normal during the normal

operation and the needle is in the green zone. When the
Water Temperature
10 temperature is above 110°C, the gauge stays in the red warning
Gauge
area. When the sensor wire is broken, the needle points to the
highest position on the right.
The indication of the temperature gauge is normal during the normal
operation and the needle is in the green zone. When the
Oil Temperature
11 temperature is above 120°C, the gauge stays in the red warning
Gauges
area. When the sensor wire is broken, the needle points to the
highest position on the right.

Cylinder positioning
12 This indicator is on, indicating that the cylinder is repositioning.
indicator

13 High beam indicator This indicator lights up when the high beam indicator switch is open.

This indicator flashes when you push the turn signal switch
14 Right turn indicator
backwards.

When the filter element is obstructed by dirt so that the pressure

HYDRAULIC OIL difference between the inlet and the outlet reaches the set alarm
15
FILTER INDICATOR value, the warning lamp lights up, and the filter element must be
replaced at this time.
This indicator is on when the diesel engine is operating, indicating
16 Charging indicator that the generator does not generate the power and it should be
immediately shut down for inspection.
When the filter element is obstructed by dirt so that the pressure
Hydraulic tank oil filter difference between the inlet and the outlet reaches the set alarm
17
indicator value, the warning lamp lights up, and the filter element must be
replaced at this time.

Right air pressure

18 Displays the right air pressure with a range of 0 - 1 MPa
indicator

Fuel level warning

19 This indicator is illuminated when the fuel level is low
indicator

Indicator for Economy

20 Standby
Mode

Front wheel drive alarm This indicator is on when the front-wheel drive system is faulty
21
indicator ( (applicable to 922)

Front wheel drive This indicator is on when the front wheel drive switch is turned on
22
operation indicator (applicable for 922)

28
 No Description Symbol Capability

Engine air intake warm

23 When the engine warms up, the indicator is light (optional)
up indicator

Indicator for water in This indicator is on when there is water in the engine filter (suitable
24
engine filter oil for Tier 3 emission engines)

Engine failure warning This indicator is on when there is a problem with the engine (suitable
25
indicator for a Tier 3 emission engine)

SEM922 Motor Grader (StageⅡ) Specifications

Items UNIT
SEM922
Unit
Tractive Effort kN 110
Forward gear I speed km/h 5.4
Forward gear II speed km/h 9.1
Forward gear III speed km/h 12
Forward gear IV speed km/h 20
Forward V Speed km/h 25
Forward VI Speed km/h 40
Reverse I speed km/h 5.3
Reverse II speed km/h 12
Reverse III speed km/h 25
Max gradability ° 30
Minimum Turning Radius m 7.8
Blade Thickness mm 25
Blade width mm 4279
Wheelbase mm 6138
Wheel track mm 2185
Maximum Ground Clearance Under Front Axle mm 603
Diesel Ratings kw 140
Rated diesel engine speed r/min 2200
Maximum diesel engine torque n.m 720
Fuel consumption rate under standard diesel engine
g/kw.hr ≤220
conditions
Transmission gears 6F/3R
Transmission oil pump (gear pump) operating pressure Mpa 1.3-1.7
Ordinary Tyre pressure (front axle/ rear axle) Kpa 260-280
Plum Tyre pressure (rear axle) Kpa 290-310
Service brake type Gas cap oil boost internal shoe brake
Capacity of Fule L 301
Capacity of Engine Oil L 16.5
Capacity of Transmission Oil L 18

29
 Capacity of Main reducer assembly L 33
Capacity of Balance Box L 63*3
Capacity of Hydraulic Oil L 60
Standard 2.5
Capacity of Worm Gearbox L
Sliding 7
Capacity of Coolant L 65
can overspeed. This can result in damage to the
engine and/or damage to the power train system.
Use the service brake or the engine brake to slow the
machine until a lower gear can be selected. Select
Operating Information the lower gear and proceed with the throttle control at
high idle.
General Information
Changing the Direction and Gear
SEM922Grader
It is not recommended to change the speed gear at
Overall Length 8854mm full engine speed, or shift the machine forward gear
Overall Width 2630 mm at full engine speed. Never change the traveling
direction until the machine has stopped and depress
Height (Overall) 3360 mm
the main clutch pedal. When changing the gear,
Total weight of standard configuration reduce the vehicle speed and depress the clutch
15930Kg
(919/921) pedal.

Follow these basic instructions whenever you are

operating the machine: Before Operation
• In order to prevent injury, make sure that no one is
working on the machine or near the machine. Mounting and Dismounting
Always maintain control of the machine.
• Before you disengage the parking brake, depress
the service brake pedal in order to keep the
machine from moving.
• Drive the machine forward for best visibility and for
best control.
• Reduce the engine speed when you maneuver in
tight quarters and when you are going over a hill.

Mount the machine and dismount the machine only at

Falling objects could cause personal injury or
death.
Remove all overhangs and be ware of falling
objects.
Downhill Operation
Before you operate down a hill, select the proper
gear before you start down the grade. The proper
gear should allow the machine to maintain the
appropriate speed on the down grade. The throttle
control should not be at high idle and the engine
should not overspeed. In most situations, the same
speed gear will be used when up and down the same
slope.
If the machine builds up excessive speed, the engine
30
locations that have steps and/or handholds. Before
you mount the machine, clean the steps and the
handholds. Inspect the steps and handholds. Make
all necessary repairs.
Face the machine whenever you get on the machine
and whenever you get off the machine. Maintain a
three-point contact with the step and with handholds.
Note: Three-point contact can be two feet and one
hand. Three-point contact can also be one foot and
two hands.
Do not mount a moving machine. Do not dismount a
moving machine. Never jump off the machine. Do not
carry tools or supplies when mounting or dismounting
the machine. Use a hand line to pull equipment onto
the platform.
Do not use any controls as handholds when you
enter the operator compartment or when you exit the
operator compartment.
Daily checks
For maximum service life of the machine, perform a
thorough walk-around inspection before you mount
the machine and before you start the engine.
1. Inspect the area around the machine and under
the machine.
2. Look for loose bolts, trash buildup, oil, coolant
leakage, broken parts, or worn parts.
Note: Watch closely for leaks. If you observe a
leak, find the source of the leak and correct the
leak. If you suspect a leak or you observe a leak,
check the fluid levels more frequently.
3. Inspect the condition of the equipment and of the
hydraulic components.
Check the condition of the tires. Adjust the tire
inflation pressure if necessary.
4. Check all lubricant level, all coolant level and all
fuel level.
5. Remove any trash and any debris.
Make all necessary repairs before you operate the
machine.
1. Make sure all covers and guards are securely
attached.
2. Adjust the mirrors for the correct rear view of the
machine.
3. Make sure that the engine air filter service
indicator is not in the red zone.
4. Grease all of the fittings that need to be serviced
on a daily basis.
Daily, perform the procedures that are applicable to
your machine:
• "Moisture and Sediment in Air Tank - Discharge"
• "Backup Alarm - Test"
• "Indicators and Gauges - Test"
• "Circle Drive Pinion Teeth - Lubricate"
• "Top of Circle - Lubricate"
• "Cooling System Level - Check"
• "Engine Air Filter Indicator - Check"
• "Engine Primary Air Filter - Clean"
• "Engine Oil Level - Check"
• "Fuel System Water Separator - Drain"
• "Seat Belt - Inspect"
• "Transmission and Differential Oil Level -
Inspection"
Steering frame is locked
Make sure that no one is here when the machine
turns. Crush may occur and result in serious
injury or death.
The steering frame lock can prevent the machine
from twisting.
Insert the steering frame lock (2) into the storage
bracket (1) prior to any of the following operations:
Raise the machine.
Transport the machine.
Perform the operation near the center of the
machine.
Make sure the steering frame lock is in the locked
position and insert the lock pin.
Unlock the steering frame lock (2) before the
machine operates to make sure that this lock is in the
storage bracket (1) and equipped with a lock pin.
Anti-rollover structure (ROPS)
The ROPS (if equipped) on the machine is specially
designed, tested and verified for this machine. The
design of ROPS/FOPS meets ISO 3471-2008 and
ISO 3449-2008 standards. Any changes to ROPS
may impair this structure. This will make operator in
an unprotected environment. Modifications or
attachments that cause the machine to exceed the
weight stamped on the plate will also make the
operator in an unprotected environment. Excessive
weight may inhibit the machine brake performance,
the steering performance and the rops. The
protection offered by rops/fops will be impaired if the
rops/fops has structural damage. Damage to the
structure can be caused by an tipping, a collision, etc.
31
Do not mount items (fire extinguishers, first aid kits, the grader.
work lights, etc) by welding brackets to the rops
structure or by drilling holes in the rops structure. • When the diesel engine is running, the
Welding brackets or drilling holes in the rops operator cannot exit the motor grader at will.
structures could weaken the structures.
Note: In any case, contact your Caterpillar
Engine Starting
(Qingzhou) Ltd. dealer.

Engine exhaust contains the byproducts of

Operating Tips combustion that are harmful to human health.
• Operator preparations: The engine must be started and operated in a
- Should be trained and qualified to well-ventilated place. If it is operated in an
operate;Should not drink alcohol or take enclosed area, vent the engine exhaust to the
stimulants; outside.

- Should be familiar with the workplace

environment, working conditions and objects;
Machine starting steps:
- Should be familiar with the rules and
1. Adjust the operator seat.
precautions of the job site;
2. Adjust the steering column tilt control. Adjust the
- Should read and understand the operation
tilt control of the steering wheel.
manual and be familiar with various rules and
precautions of machine operation; 3. Fasten the seat belt securely.
- Wear protective equipment in accordance with 4. Raise all lowered options in order to pass over
the construction safety requirement: Work any obstacles.
clothing, hard hat, ear muffs, respirator,
protective glasses, reflective clothing, etc.;
• Before starting the engine, all controls must be
in the “neutral” position.
• When reuse the machine after storing for a
long time, check if the hydraulic oil and the
lubricating oil in each section have
deteriorated, and replace with new oil if
necessary.
• Be familiar with the workplace environment,
operating conditions, and work objects.
The personnel should wear various protective 5. Depress the service brake (2) to prevent the
equipment machine from moving.
6. Move the transmission control (handle) to the
• It is forbidden to drink alcohol and take position where the parking brake is engaged.
stimulants or other drugs before operating the
grader or compacting the ground. 7. Move all levels to the HOLD position.

• Locate the fire extinguisher, first-aid equipment,
and alarm phone.
• Check if the mirrors provide the operator with a
good view.
• Check if all signs, symbols and figures in the
cab are clear.
• Before starting, the operator must ensure that
there is no person or obstacles near or below
8. Release the service brake control (2).
9. Turn the key of the engine start switch to start the
engine. Release the key of the engine start
switch after the engine starts.
10. Depress the accelerator pedal (3) until the
desired engine speed is achieved.
11. Drive the machine forward to obtain the best
visibility and the best control.

32
 Attention
When starting the engine, it should be noted that
the engine should be started again when the
instrument panel completes the self-test in order
to avoid engine ECU malfunction.
Do not crank the engine for more than 30
seconds. Allow the starting motor to cool for two
minutes before cranking again.
If the engine is not kept at low speed until the
engine oil pressure indicator / gauge indicates
that the oil pressure is sufficient, it may lead to
turbocharger damage.

Engine and Machine Warm-Up

1. When the engine cools down, the engine should
operate at low idle speed for at least five minutes.
Cycle all controls to circulate the hydraulic oil in
all hydraulic cylinders and all hydraulic oil lines to
warm-up the hydraulic oil.
Engine is at idle. If the hydraulic functions are
sluggish, additional time may be required for
warm-up.
2. Release the brake. Move the equipment forward
and backward for several meters (yards).
Exercise the machine for several minutes.
In order to reduce the total warm up time, start
exercising the entire machine before you
complete the hydraulic warm up time.
3. Operate under a light load until the systems
reach normal operating temperatures.
4. Observe the indicators and the gauges frequently
during machine operation.

Engine exhaust contains the products of

combustion that are harmful to human health.
The engine must be started and operated in a
well-ventilated place. If it is operated in an
enclosed area, vent the engine exhaust to the
outside.

33
Controls System
Note: Your machine may not be equipped with all
of the controls that are described in this section.
Ripper control handle (1)
（Optional）
Ripper Lift- Pull the handle (1)backward to lift the
ripper. The handle (1) returns to the hold position
once being released.
Hold - The handle (1) will return to the hold position
once the handle (1) is released from the lower or
raise position.
Blade Lower - Push the handle (1) forward to lower
the ripper. The handle (1) returns to the hold position
once being released.
Blade tilt control handle (2)
Blade tilt Forward- Push the handle (2) forward. The
top of the blade will tilt forward. The handle (2)
returns to the Hold position once being released.
Hold - The handle (2) will return to the hold position
once being released.
Blade tilt Backward - Pull the handle (2) back. The
top of the blade will tilt backward. The handle
(2)returns to the Hold position once being released.
Left blade lift control (3)
34
Blade Lift- Pull the handle (3) backward to lift the left
blade. The handle (3) returns to the hold position
once being released.
Hold - The handle (3) will return to the hold position
once the handle (3) is released from the lower or
raise position.
Blade Lower - Push the handle (3) forward to lower
the left blade. The handle (3) returns to the hold
position once being released.
Blade Sideshift Handle (4)
Blade sideshift Right - Pull the handle (4) backward
so that the blade shifts to the right. The handle (4)
returns to the hold position once being released.
Hold - Once the handle (4) is released, the handle (4)
will return to the hold position.
Blade sideshift Left - Push the handle (4) forward to
shift the blade to the left. The handle (4) returns to the
hold position once being released.
Blade Circle Drive Handle (5)
Circle Drive Lock- Pull the handle (5) back so that
the blade rotates clockwise. The handle (5) returns to
the hold position once being released.
Hold - The handle (5) will return to the hold position
once being released.
Circle drive Counterclockwise- Push the handle (5)
forward so that the blade will rotate counterclockwise.
The handle (5) returns to the Hold position once
being released.
Attention
position once being released.
Right Blade Lift Control (10)
Blade Lift- Pull the handle (10) backward to raise the
right end of the blade. The handle (10) will return to
the hold position once being released.

To prevent the damage to ladder and tires, etc., Hold - The handle will return to the hold position once
maintain a safe distance between the blade and being released from the lower or raise position.
other parts while operating the blade and take Blade Lower - Push the handle forward to lower the
combined operations if necessary. right end of the blade. The handle (10) will return to
the hold position once being released.
Articulation Control (6)
Articulation Right- To move the machine to the right,
pull the handle (6) backward. The handle (6) will
return to the hold position once being released.
Hold - The handle (6) will return to the hold position
once being released.
Articulation - Left - To move the machine to the left,
push the handle (6) forward. The handle (6) returns
to the hold position once being released.

Plow Dozer control handle (7)

（Optional）
Plow Dozer Lift- Pull the handle (7)backward to lift
the Plow Dozer . The handle (7) returns to the hold
position once being released.
Hold - The handle (7) will return to the hold position
once the handle (7) is released from the lower or
raise position.
Plow Dozer Lower - Push the handle (7) forward to
lower the Plow Dozer. The handle (7) returns to the
hold position once being released.

Center Frame Control (8)

Central Frame - Right- To move the center frame to
the right, pull the handle (8) backward. The handle (8)
will return to the Hold position once being released.
Hold - If the handle (8) is released, the handle (8) will
return to the Hold position.
Center Frame - Left- To move the center frame to
the left, push the handle (8) forward. The handle (8)
will return to the hold position once being released.

Wheel Tilt Control (9)

Wheel Tilt - Right- Pull the handle (9) backward to
tilt the wheel to the right. The handle (9) returns to the
hold position once being released.
Hold - The handle (9) will return to the hold position
once being released.
Wheel tilt Left- Push the handle (9) forward to tilt the
wheel to the left. The handle (9) returns to the hold

35
Switch System

Note: Your machine may not be equipped with all of the controls that are described in this section.
1. Turning Switch 2.Headlight Switch 3.Rearlight Switch 4. Blade Light Switch 5. Hazard Light Switch

6. Dash Panel Lamp Switch 7. High/Low Light Switch 8. Front Wiper Switch（On） 9. Front Wiper Switch（Under）

10. Rear Wiper Switch 11. Washer Switch 12. Center Frame Lockout Switch 13. Front Drive Switch（Applicable to 922）

14. New Air Switch 15. Front Anti-Fog Lamp Switch 16. Warning Light Switch 17. Ether Starting Switch
18. Parking Brake

36
Center frame lockout control (12)
Center frame lockout control- Move the switch (12)
to the bottom to lock the center frame. Press the lock
pin and push the switch (12) upwards to release the
center frame lock.
The sudden movement of the blade when
removing the lock pin from the center frame may
result in personal injury. Before removing the
lock pin from the center frame, make sure that
there are no people near the blade, the center
frame and the blade are centered with the body at
the bottom, and the blade has been lowered to
the ground.
1. Move the drawbar with the center frame handle.
Move the drawbar to the area to be graded.
Position the lift handles on both sides to the float
position so that the blade is lowered to the
ground.
2. The switch (12) is moved to the Release position.
When the switch (12) is in the Release position,
the indicator is illuminated on the front dash.
3. If you want to move the connector to the first or
second hole on either side around the center,
please follow the step 3.a. If you want to move
the connector to the third or outermost hole on
either side around the center, please follow the
step 3.c.
a. Make sure that both blade lift handles are still
in float position. Move the center frame
control handle in the opposite direction. This
movement moves the drawbar to the position
described in step 1. The center frame cylinder
moves. The connecting device can rotate
freely. And the linkage can also be moved on
the side.
b. Proceed with step 4.
c. Move the blade lift handle away from the float
position.
D. At the same time, move the center frame
lever forward and move the right blade lift
handle forward. At the same time, pull the left
blade lift handle backward.
4. Align the retaining pin on the center frame with
the hole on the link that you want to insert into.
Use the indicator on the right lift frame to check
the alignment.
5. Move the switch (12) to the close position. When
the retaining pin on the center frame is engaged,
the center frame lock indicator will be turned off.
Note: If the center frame lock indicator is not turned
off, move the link gently to align the center frame
retaining pin with the hole.
6. Shift the link to the area you want to scrape.
Adjust to the slope angle to be scraped with a
blade lift cylinder.
Parking Brake (18)
The sudden stop of the machine may result in
personal injury. If the air pressure in the brake system
is lower than the normal operating pressure, the
action alarm will sound. In addition, the brake alert
indicator on the operator dashboard will flash and the
action light will also flash. If the air pressure
continues to fall, the parking brake will be
automatically engaged. Prepare for a sudden stop.
Correct the cause of the pressure loss. Do not
attempt to move the machine without normal brake
air pressure.
Attention
When the machine is moving, do not engage the
parking brake unless the service brake is faulty.
Under the normal operating conditions, using the
parking brake as the service brake would damage
the parking brake severely.
Attention
Moving the machine while the parking brake is
engaged can cause excessive wear or damage to
the brake. If necessary, repair the brake before
operating the machine.
Heating and air conditioning
control
Temperature Variable Control
Temperature Variable Control - Turn the knob
from the off position (left) to the maximum position
(right). This will control the amount of heating and the
amount of cooling.
Fan Speed Switch
Fan Speed Switch - Fan speed switch controls the
blower fan with three speeds.
Shutdown (OFF)- Turn the switch to this position and
the blower fan will stop.
Low- Low speed - Move the switch to this position for
the minimum fan speed.
Medium - medium speed - Move the switch to this
position for a medium fan speed.
High- Turn the switch to this symbol for the MAX fan
speed.
Heater and Air Governor System Operation
37
The heater and the air governor have four functions. when the pedal (2) is released.
Heating - The switch is turned to low, medium or
high speed. Adjust the controller to obtain the desired Transmission Control Handle
temperature.
Air conditioning- Activate the air conditioning
system. Rotate the switch to low, medium or high
speed. Adjust the controller to obtain the desired
temperature.
Pressure - Pressurize the cab when the heater or the
air conditioning is not used to prevent the dust from
entering.
Turn the controller to obtain a comfortable
temperature. Turn the controller to low, medium, or
high speed. Use the required fan speed to prevent
the dust from entering.
Defog - Activate the air conditioning system. Turn the
switch to adjust the air conditioning system to low,
medium or high speed. Use the desired speed to
remove the moisture from the cab. This could prevent
from the moisture condensation on the windshield Forward - Pull the handle to the right and pull the
and the window, and adjust the controller until the handle backward to the desired forward position. The
humidity is reduced. Adjust the controller until a machine moves forward.
comfortable temperature is achieved in the cab.
Neutral- Move the handle to the neutral position if
Service brake control and you prepare to park the machine.
Reverse - Pull the handle to the left and pull the
Acceleration Control handle backward to the desired position. The
machine will move backwards.
Change the direction and speed
1. Pull the handle one turn to check its operation.
2. Make sure that the accelerator control is in the
low idle position.
3. Engage the variable speed controller.
4. Lift all the implements.
5. Engage the service brake.
6. Move the transmission control (handle) to the
desired direction and speed position.
7. Release the variable speed controller.
8. Depress the accelerator pedal until it reaches the
desired speed.
9. Upshift one gear at a time. Increase the engine
speed to the desired level.
Depress the pedal (1) and the service brake engages.
Reduce the ground speed with the service brake.
Stop the machine with the service brake. Attention
Release the pedal (1) to disengage the service brake. To prevent possible damage to the machine,
Depress the pedal (2) to increase the engine speed. lower the ground speed before shifting down.
The engine will return to the setting of the throttle
control when the pedal (2) is released. Release the Note: When downshifting, downshifting protections
pedal (2) in order to reduce the engine speed. The are available. The recommended steps are follows.
engine will return to the setting of the throttle control
38
10. Downshift one gear at a time. If the machine is
shifted down under load, increase the engine
speed firstly to match with the engine speed after
the downshifting.
11. To change the machine traveling direction, slow
down the machine with the service brake.
Engage the variable speed controller to stop the
machine. Then move the transmission control
(handle) to the desired direction and speed
position. Release the service brake and the
variable speed controller (pedal) after selecting
the required travel direction and speed position.
Note: If the transmission solenoid valve fails, or if
there is a problem with the gear position sensor, limp
home mode is available on the machine. In this case,
use the following procedure.
To avoid injury, make sure no person is on or around
the machine. To avoid injury, make sure the machine
is under control at all times.
Do not start the machine when the compressed air
system has not reached the normal pressure yet.
Fasten the seat belt securely.
The blade must be lowered to the ground before the
lock pin is pulled out of the center shift frame.
Do not disengage the transmission while traveling
downhill. Do not allow the machine to coast.
Twist turn
Attention

If the gear position sensor fails, not all solenoid
valves are operating properly. Only the gear positions
with a functional solenoid can be used. Move the
transmission control to the neutral position. Next,
move the transmission control to the forward or
reverse position. Not all speed gears can be
operated.
Engine Start Switch
To avoid damage to the drive system, the
differential must be disengaged before operating
the machine or turning the machine. Keep the
differential disengaged until the machine moves
straight forward.
Note: The articulation is easier when the machine is
moving.

When the engine start switch is turned to ON position,

the systems in the operator cab are powered on.
Shutdown (OFF)- When inserting or removing the
engine start switch key, this switch must be in the off
position. Turn the engine start switch to the OFF
position in order to interrupt the current through the
cab.. Turn the key to the OFF position to stop the
engine.
Operation - Turn the engine start switch key
clockwise to ON position in order to allow the current
1. At the beginning of turning, turn the steering
flow into the cab.
wheel to the left so that the rear of the machine
START - To start the engine, turn the start switch key twists to the left.
clockwise to the START position. The engine start
switch key returns to the ON position once being
released.
Note: If the engine cannot start, turn the engine
start switch key back to the OFF position. This
must be done before restarting the engine.

Steering wheel tilt control

Depress the tilt control to adjust the steering wheel
angle. Move the seat to the proper position. Release
the tilt control. The headrest will remain in the desired
position.
Operation techniques
Operational data
2. When the turning completes, turn the steering
wheel to the right and the rear of the machine
begins to twist until the machine is straight.
3. Continue the grading.
Straight turn
39
Note: If necessary, the machine can pass through 3. When the machine reverses slowly, turn the front
the trench when turning. Push the machine wheels to the travel direction.
backward to pass over the trench with a small
4. Continue to reverse the machine until the
angle.
machine exits from the steep slope or the trench.
1. Tilt the front wheels to the right slightly to make a
right turn when the machine is traveling forward.
Then turn the wheels to the turning direction. Tilt Grading around obstacles
the front wheels to the left slightly when the
Note: When grading, try to get close to obstacles as
machine is traveling forward and to the left. Then
possible in order to reduce the manual cleaning.
turn the wheels to the turning direction.
2. When making a forward turn, the trip should be
as far as possible.
3. Stop the machine and turn the front wheels to the
opposite direction. Reverse the machine. The
reverse distance should be enough to turn the
machine to the direction same as the desired
travel direction.
4. Stop the machine and turn the wheels to the new
travel direction.
5. Keep turning. After turning, straighten the wheels. 1. Perform the grading near the obstacles.
Continue this action.

Exit from a steep slope or trench

2. Move the blade away from the obstacles slowly

1. Stop the machine. Lift the blade and lift the and moves along the shape of the obstacle.
implement.
3. Move the blade slowly into the obstacle and
move along the shape of the obstacle.

2. When the machine reverses slowly, twist the

machine back to the center of the road.

4. When the machine passed over the obstacle,

return the blade to its original position.

40
Perform S-curve grading
Attention
To avoid puncturing the tire, do not allow the
blade touch the tire when the machine is twisted.
1. Turn the machine to the left. Sideshift the blade to
the right.
2. Straighten the wheels. Sideshift the blade as
needed.
3. Turn the machine to the right. Sideshift the blade
to the left.
Left Grading
1. The center shift frame lock is disengaged. Use
the center shift frame lever to move the drawbar
200 mm (8 inches) to the right. Engage the center
shift frame lock.
2. Place the blade in proper position to dump the
scraping earth to the outside of the right wheels.
3. Lower the blade horizontally to the desired depth
of cut. Tilt the front wheels to the right to
compensate for the side drifting.
4. Adjust the blade tip to the optimum position
according to the soil that the blade to work with.
Adjust the top of the blade firstly to make it 100
mm (4 inches) ahead of the cutting edge.
5. Under good conditions, the grading can be
performed from one side to the other.
6. Spread the loose soil on the road until it is
smooth.
41
Normally, straighten the body to perform the level
grading. The body twisting aims to compensate for
the side drifting of the machine caused by the load
during deep cut. Turn the tandem-driven front wheel
to the rear tip of the blade.
If the wheels start to slip, turn the tandem-driven front
wheel away from the rear tip of the blade. Reduce the
bite width. Reduce the load on the machine.
The scraping soil is dumped to the outside of the rear
wheel during the normal grading. Keep the plane of
the rear wheel smooth.
Right grading
1. The center shift frame lock is disengaged. Use
the center shift frame lever to move the drawbar
200 mm (8 inches) to the left. Engage the center
shift frame lock.
2. Place the blade in proper position to dump the
spoil pile to the outside of the left rear wheel.
3. Lower the blade horizontally to the desired depth
of cut. Tilt the front wheel to the left to
compensate for the side drifting of the machine.
42
4. Adjust the blade tip to the optimum position
according to the soil that the blade to work with.
Adjust the top of the blade firstly to make it 100
mm (4 inches) ahead of the cutting edge.
5. Under good conditions, the grading can be
performed from one side to the other.
6. Spread the loose soil on the road until it is
smooth.
Normally, straighten the body to perform the level
grading. The body twisting aims to compensate for
the side drifting of the machine caused by the load
during deep cut. Turn the tandem-driven front wheel
to the rear tip of the blade.
If the wheels start to slip, turn the tandem-driven front
wheel away from the rear tip of the blade. Reduce the
bite width. Reduce the load on the machine.
The scraping soil is dumped to the outside of the rear
wheel during normal grading. Keep the plane of the
rear wheel smooth.
Scraping V-shaped trench on the
left
Attention
If the machine is twisted, the side of the tire may
touch against the back slope and damage the
side wall, meanwhile it would allow the dust enter
into the gap between the tire and the rim, causing
a flat tire.
When removing the lock pin from the center shift
frame, the blade's sudden movement will lead to
the personnel injury.
Before removing the lock pin from the center shift
frame, make sure that no one is around the blade.
In addition, the circle and the blade must be
placed in the center position under the machine.
Straighten the frame and lower the blade to the
ground.
1. Place the link in proper position so that the lock
pin on the center shift frame is in the center hole.
Turn the switch to make the center shift frame
lock in the engaged position.
2. Set the blade and swing the left blade tip to flush
with the outer edge of the front left tire. Tilt the
blade forward so that the top of the blade is
slightly ahead of the cutting edge.
3. Raise the right blade to the highest position.
Adjust the blade angle to dump the spoil pile to
the inner side of the right rear wheel.
4. Lower the left blade to allow the tip to reach the
desired depth of cutting.
5. Tilt the front wheel to the right. Cut a thin layer of
ground soil with the thickness of about 50 to 100
mm (2 to 4 inches).
6. Keep the front left tire at the bottom of the trench.
Continue to cut the ditch until the desired depth of
cut is achieved.
Scraping V-shaped trench on the
right
1. Place the link in proper position so that the lock
pin on the center shift frame is in the center hole.
Turn the switch to make the center shift frame
lock in the engaged position.
2. Set the blade and allow the right blade tip to flush
with the outer edge of the front right tire. Tilt the
blade forward so that the top of the blade is
slightly ahead of the cutting edge.
3. Raise the left blade to the highest position. Adjust
the blade angle to dump the spoil pile to the inner
side of the rear wheel.
4. Lower the right blade to allow the tip to reach the
desired depth of cutting.
43
 blade backward to scrape the thinner soil layer.
5. Swing the link to the desired position by using the
blade lift lever.
6. Insert the lock pin to the center shift frame.
7. Extend the center shift frame cylinder to the
desired position.

5. Tilt the front wheel to the left. Cut a thin layer of

ground soil with the thickness of about 50 to 100
mm (2 to 4 inches).

8. Turn the circle to the left.

6. Keep the front right tire at the bottom of the

trench. Continue to cut the ditch until the desired
depth of cut is achieved.
Trench Backfilling
Note: The above procedure is for the right road
surface.
Note: When the back slope is cut with the machine in
the ditch, the ditch and the shoulder must be smooth.
The rough surface has an amplification effect on the
front tip of the blade.
9. Pitch the blade forward.
10. Lower the left blade tip when the circle is rotating.
11. Place the rear blade tip to the front of the right
rear tire.
12. Lower the right blade to set the degree of slope.
Note: It should be placed in a near-vertical position
with the normal wheels.

1. Disengage the center shift frame lock pin by 13. When the cut is deep, tilt the front wheels to the
using the center shift frame lock control. For more slope side. Tilt the front wheels off the slope for
information on the center shift frame lock, refer to scraping the thinner layer.
"Center Shift Frame Lock" in the Operation and
Maintenance Manual.
Scrape flat ditch
2. When scraping the back slope on the right side,
the lock pin of the center shift frame should be
inserted into the last hole on the left side. When
scraping the back slope on the left side, the lock
pin of the center shift frame should be inserted
into the last hole on the right side.
3. Move the drawbar to the slope of the trench with
the center shift frame level.
4. Lower the bucket to the ground. Tilt the blade to
the middle of the pitch adjustment range. Pitch
the blade forward for deep scraping. Pitch the

44
If there is no V-shaped ditch, a V-shaped groove will
be cut out and its depth will be the desired depth of
the flat ditch to be scraped in the future.
Note: Its shoulder slope should be more smooth than
the ordinary shoulder slope. The shoulder slope must
go up to the end of the shoulder.
1. Pitch the blade forward.
2. Position the connector to insert the center shift
frame lock pin into the first hole on the left side of
the center hole. Turn the switch to make the
center shift frame lock in the engaged position. 10. Lower the right blade tip to the desired depth.
11. Lower the left blade tip to the desired depth.

When removing the lock pin from the center shift

3. Lay the front right tire to the bottom of the
V-shaped ditch.
frame, the blade's sudden movement will lead to
personnel injury.
Before removing the lock pin from the center shift
frame, make sure that no one is around the blade.
In addition, the circle and the blade must be
placed in the center position under the machine.
Straighten the frame and lower the blade to the
ground.

12. Place the link in proper position so that the lock

pin on the center shift frame is in the center hole.
Turn the switch to make the center shift frame
lock in the engaged position.

4. Position the blade so that the front blade tip is

placed in the front right rut and allows it to scrape
the required width of the flat ditch at one time.
5. Lower the right blade tip to the desired depth.
6. Lift the left blade tip and position it on the desired
shoulder slope.
7. Tilt the front wheels to the left. 13. At the beginning, lay the right front tire at the
8. When you cut the V-shaped ditch for the second bottom of the V-shaped ditch which was cut by
time, make it slightly higher than or equal to the the first time.
depth cut by the first time.
9. Dump the soil to the center of the road

45
14. Swing the right blade tip to the bottom of the back
slope.
15. Lower the right blade tip and adjust the cutting
edge of the blade on the cut surface.
16. Lower the left blade tip to the desired depth. Tilt
the front wheel to the left.
17. Adjust the blade to a very small angle. Dump the
earth onto the slope of the ditch.
18. Spread the piles and complete the grading
Clean the left ditch
1. Place the link in proper position so that the lock
pin on the center shift frame is in the center hole.
Turn the switch to make the center shift frame
lock in the engaged position.
46
2. Set the left end of the blade behind the left front
wheel.
3. Lower the left blade to set the trenching depth.
4. Set the right end of the blade to dump the
scraped materials to the slope between the
tandem wheels on both sides.
5. Tilt the front wheels slightly to the right.
6. Additional scraping is needed to spread the
scraped soil on the slope and the shoulders.
Spread the piles as the final grading.
Clean the right ditch
1. Place the link in proper position so that the lock
pin on the center shift frame is in the center hole.
Turn the switch to make the center shift frame
lock in the engaged position.
2. Place the right blade tip behind the right front
wheel.
 Clean the right shoulder
1. Place the link in proper position so that the lock
pin on the center shift frame is in the center hole.
Turn the switch to make the center shift frame
lock in the engaged position.

3. Lower the right tip and use it to set the depth of

the excavated ditch.

2. Set the blade to make the right blade tip flush

with the outer edge of the right tire. The earth
must be discharged among the two wheels.
3. Lower the blade, position it horizontally, and
lower the blade to the required scraping depth.

4. Set the left end of the blade to dump the scraped 4. Tilt the front wheels slightly to the left
materials to the slope between the tandem drive
wheels on both sides.
Paving a road with the ground
5. Tilt the front wheels slightly to the left
ditch
Note: The shown procedures is for the operations on
6. Additional scraping is needed to spread the
one side of the road. Repeat these procedures when
scraped soil on the slope and the shoulders.
working on the other side of the road.
Spread the piles as the final grading.

Clean the left shoulder

1. Place the link in proper position so that the lock
pin on the center shift frame is in the center hole.
Turn the switch to make the center shift frame
lock in the engaged position.
1. Level the slope inside.

2. Scrape the ditch on the left side to a deeper area

according to the depth at the bottom.
3. Scrape the shoulder clean. Spread the piles to
2. Turn the left blade tip to align with the outer edge the middle of the road.
of the left tires. The earth must be discharged
among the two wheels.
3. Lower the blade and position it in horizontal
position, then lower it to the desired depth of
cutting.
4. Tilt the front wheels slightly to the right
47
4. Level the slope of the embankment.

4. Turn the machine to clean the shoulder. Dump

the pile to the center of the road and spread it.
5. Level the bottom of the ditch. Clean the ditch.

5. Turn the machine to make a fourth deep cut.

Scrape the shoulder clean.
6. Clean the inner side of the slope. 6. Turn the machine back to a straight state. Scatter
the pile to the center of the road.

7. Operate the machine for a pass and make the

final blading on the shoulder. Make a final blading
7. Cut a slope on the outside of the ditch to increase
on the pavement.
the height of the side slope surface.
Paving a road with V-shaped ditch
Note: The shown procedures is for the operations on
one side of the road. Repeat these procedures when
working on the other side of the road.

8. Clean the bottom of the ditch.

1. Cut the earth slightly and mark the route of the

ditch.

9. Cut for once on the ditch to clean the inside of the

slope and shape the inside of the slope.

2. Cut a second time. The second cut should be

deeper.

10. Finally, take another cut to complete the slope

cutting.

3. Cut a third time. The third cut is deeper than the

second cut.

11. Cut out the last pass to complete the shoulders

cutting.

48
 Note: The machine should operate at first gear
speed with reduced engine speed if it is on the steep
slope. When operating on slopes, the accelerator is
used to control the speed.

12. Level the piles and complete the road

construction.

Scrape the wet ditch

Operate the machine with a twisted turn on the very

steep slope. This method can keep the rear of the
grader at the bottom of the cut surface. For maximum
stability, twist the body for balancing compensation.
Turn the machine and leave its front wheels and the
blade in the ditch. Make a turn with the front wheels.

The twisted turn can be used to deal with the nose

offset caused by the blade under heavy load.
The wet mud and loose soil in the ditch will make the
wheels slippery. Keep the rear wheels on the Cut the right side slope
shoulders to prevent the wheels from slipping.
Note: The previous ditch may have obstacles in it,
such as branches and stones. When clearing the
previous ditch, these methods can be used to drive When removing the lock pin from the center shift
around the obstacles. frame, the blade's sudden movement will lead to
personnel injury.

When grading at a slope of 3: 1 Before removing the lock pin from the center shift
frame, make sure that no one is around the blade.
In addition, the circle and the blade must be
placed in the center position under the machine.
Straighten the frame and lower the blade to the
When working under the steep side slopes, you
ground.
must be very familiar with the performance of the
machine.
Do not twist the body too much when operating
on an uphill or steep slope.
When operating under a steep side slope, the
machine may be turned over, resulting in the
personnel injury or death.

49
This procedure is used for the piles on the right. Turn 6. Rotate the circle clockwise. Lower the left blade
the blade to the opposite side in order to handle with tip when the circle is rotating.
the pile on the left.

7. Position the rear blade tip on the bottom of the

slope. Turn the rear blade tip to flush with the
1. As a roadbed, the cutout base must be outside of the rear wheel.
consistent.

8. The right rear tire should turn to the base of the

slope formed by the V-shaped ditch.
2. If the pile is hard, tilt the slope of the roadbed 9. Lower the right end of the blade and allow it to cut
slightly toward the pile to prevent the machine the desired slope angle of the pile.
from slipping away when it is working.
3. Tilt the blade forward, and the tilted distance is
equal to 3/4 of the full tilt position, or position it in
the full tilt position.
4. Position the link to insert the center shift frame
lock pin into the rightmost hole. Turn the switch to
make the center shift frame lock in the engaged
position.
5. Move the blade to the right.

10. Move it into the cut surface gradually.

Note: It should be placed in a near-vertical position
with the normal wheels.
11. When the cut is deep, tilt the front wheels to the
slope side.
12. When the cut is shallow, tilt the front wheels to
the other side away from the slope.

50
The spoil pile is arranged from the slope to the
outside of the rear wheel.
The sudden movement of the blade caused by the
removal of the center frame lockpin may result in
personal injury.
Before loosening the center shift frame lock pin,
make sure that there is no person around the
blade. In addition, the circle and the blade must
be placed in the center position under the
machine. Straighten the frame and lower the
blade to the ground.
Before loosening the center shift frame lock pin,
make sure that there is no person around the blade.
Position the circle and the blade under the machine
in the middle position, then lower the blade to the
ground.
1. Position the link to insert the center shift frame
lock pin into the rightmost hole. Turn the switch to
make the center shift frame lock in the engaged
position.
2. Sideshift the blade to the rightmost position. For
more instructions, refer to "Blade Board" in the
Operation and Maintenance Manual.
3. Lower the blade to the desired depth. Set the
blade to an certain angle. Tilt the blade forward
and push the soil to the sides.
Note: To extend to the leftmost end, turn the center
shift frame lock pin to the opposite side. Sideshift the
blade to the leftmost end.
Ripper
Operate the ripper with speed in first gear. To
improve the operation efficiency, adding more ripper
cutters is better than increasing the speed.
Use the retarder to match the implement pull with the
existing pull. Use the retarder to make the pull match
with the ground conditions. At the same time, use a
retarder to avoid wheel slippage.
Make the ripper to rip deeper as possible according
to the ground conditions. Sometimes, only the partial
depth of ripping can be used. You can remove the
material in natural layers.
The sizing of the material is controlled by the depth of
the pass and by the width of the pass.
Multi Shank Ripper
The multishank ripper is intended for high production.
It is used in the hard and solid earth, and the areas
where the stones are buried. The multi-shank ripper
is designed to use in the areas where at least the two
shank cutter can work on. Use the multishank ripper
with a single center shank less than 20 percent of the
time.
The multishank ripper is NOT intended for high
production in rock with a single center shank.
When using a single shank ripper, it is not
recommended to insert the ripper onto the outside
socket. If necessary, locate the shank in the highest
position. Operate the machine at a low speed. The
frame of the ripper is not designed for ripping with a
single outside shank at full horsepower.
The multishank ripper is NOT intended for ripping in
deep applications. Use the ripper only within the
specified distance.
If the deep ripping is required, use a single-shank
ripper.
Packed Soil, Hardpan, Clay, Shale or Cemented
Gravel
Three shanks work well in these materials. The earth
can be broken into the desired size. Use the greatest
possible number of shanks to break the material to
the desired size. However, the machine cannot be
trapped due to excessive shanks. The number of
shanks could not cause the machine not moving.
Rock with Fractures, Faults and Planes of
Weakness
Using two shanks will cause the rocks to break out in
smaller pieces so that the machine can manage the
job easily. When the machine begins to get trapped,
use only the single center shank. If the tire is slipping,
only the single center shank can be used.
The solid rock, granite and hard stone are not
easily broken
For stones difficult to break or the cracked stones,
which tend to become large stone or the plates of
large areas, the single-shank ripper can be used.
51
 been corrected.
Parking
Stopping the machine Lower the tooling with engine off
Park the machine on a level surface. If it is necessary Attention
to park on a grade, chock the tracks securely.
Make sure that no one is around the device when
Pull back the throttle control lever to reduce the it is lowered. If someone is around the equipment
engine speed. when it is lowered, it may lead to the personal
Use a service brake to reduce the speed. Use the injury or death.
transmission control level to stop the machine. Note: If the engine does not operate and some
Move transmission control into the neutral position. implements have not yet been lowered to the ground,
the following methods can be used to lower the
Engage the parking brake control. implements to the ground.
Lower the bucket to the ground. Apply a slight
downward pressure.
Shut down the Engine
NOTE: Stopping the engine immediately when
operating under load can result in overheating and
accelerating the wear of the engine components.
Refer to the following procedures to cool the engine
and prevent from the coking problems which are
caused by high oil temperature in the turbocharger
housing.
1. Stop the machine and run the engine at low idle The relief valve is located on the implement control
for 5 minutes. valve under the cab.
2. Turn the engine start switch to the OFF position
and remove the engine start switch key.
3. Move all hydraulic controls back and forth to
remove the pressure in the hydraulic system.
Return the hydraulic controls to the hold position.

Turn off the engine in the event of

an electrical fault
Turn the engine start switch to the OFF position.

Hold the pressure relief valve

(1), loosen the lockout nut (2), and loosen the hex head cap
(3)clockwise until the implement lowers to the ground.

Note: Do not lower the machine too fast.

Remove the set of chuck from the relief valve when
the implement is lowered to the ground. Replace with
a new set of chuck or adjust the settings of the relief
valve.

If the engine cannot be stopped, lift the guard of the
engine stop switch (1). Lift the engine stop switch (1)
to the stop position.
Turn the battery disconnect switch to the OFF
position.
Do not operate the machine until the malfunction has
52
Exit the Machine
1. Use the steps and the handholds when you
dismount. When you dismount, face the machine
and use both hands.
2. Inspect the engine compartment for debris. Clean
 out any debris in order to avoid a fire hazard.
3. Remove all flammable debris from the front
bottom guard through the access doors in order
to reduce a fire hazard. Discard the debris
properly.
4. Turn the key for the battery disconnect switch to
the OFF position. Remove the key if you do not
operate the machine. This will help to prevent the
battery from short circuit. Removing the key will
also help to protect the battery from vandalism
and from the current draw that is made by certain
components.
5. Lock all vandalism covers and all compartments.
Machine transportation
information
Machine Shipping
Investigate the travel route for overpass clearances.
Make sure that there is adequate clearance for the
machine that is being transported. This is especially
important for machines equipped with Rollover
Protective Structure (ROPS) and cab.
Remove ice, snow, or other slippery material from the
loading dock and from the truck bed before you load
the machine onto the transport machine. This will
help to prevent the machine from slipping in transit.
Note: Obey all laws that govern the characteristics of
a load (height, weight, width, and length). Observe all
regulations that govern wide loads.
When you move the machine to a colder climate,
make sure that the cooling system has the proper
antifreeze.
1. Before you load the machine, chock the trailer
wheels or the rail car wheels.
2. When the machine is parked, connect the rack
fixing ring. This will firmly fix the front and rear
racks. In addition, put on the wheel tilt lock. This
will fix the front wheel in a straight position.
3. All working equipment must be lowered down to
the ground on machines in transit. Move the lever
of the transmission to the parking brake engage
position.
4. Stop the engine.
5. Turn the start switch key to the OFF position.
Remove the engine start switch key.
6. Turn the battery disconnect switch to the OFF
position. Remove the disconnect switch key.
7. Lock the door and the access covers. Attach any
vandalism protection.
8. Chock the wheels. Make sure the machine is
choked.
Attention
If the engine stops and the turbocharger runs, the
turbocharger can be damaged. Cover the vent
hole or close the rain cover to avoid idling the
turbocharger during transportation.
9. Cover the vent with a cap or cover to avoid idling
the turbocharger during transportation.
Perform a walk-around inspection and measure the
fluid levels in the various compartments.
Drive at moderate speed. Observe all speed limits
when driving the machine.
Consult your Caterpillar (Qingzhou) Ltd. dealer for
shipping instructions for your machine.
Roading the machine
Please consult the local dealer about the
recommended tire pressure and speed limits before
starting the machine.
You must observe the limitation of tons-km hours
(ton-mile hours). Consult the local tire dealer about
the speed limit of the existing tires.
Stop the machine at a fixed point on long hauls to
cool down the tires and other parts. Stop the machine
and rest for 30 minutes every 40 km (25 miles) or half
hour.
Inflate the tire to the correct pressure.
When inflated, work with the provided holder or
standing behind the wheel. For more detailed
instructions.
Perform the walk around inspection and measure the
fluid level in each tank.
Make the inspection with relevant officials to obtain
the required license and certificate.
Drive at moderate speed. Comply with all speed
limits during operation.
53
Lifting and Tying Down the
Machine
Attention
Improper lifting or tie-down can cause the load to
shift and lead to the personal injury and damage.
For the basic specifications of the machine, refer to
the Operation and Maintenance Manual,
"Specifications”。
Lifting Point - In order to lift the machine, attach
the lifting devices to the lifting points.
Tie Down Point - In order to tie down the machine,
attach the tie-downs to the tie down points.
Use properly rated cables and properly rated slings in
order to lift the machine.
Position the crane or the lifting device in order to lift
the machine in a level position.
The width of the spreader bar must be sufficient to
prevent the lifting cables or the lifting straps from
contacting the machine.
1. Install the steering frame lock pin to maintain the
hinge rigid.
2. Connect the four lifting cables to a spreader bar.
The spreader bar must be centered over the
machine.
3. Lift the machine. Move the machine to the
desired position.
4. Place the wedges in front of the front and rear
wheels when the machine is positioned. When
the machine is positioned, place the blocks
behind the tires.
Towing Information
Improper hookup and towing are dangerous and
could result in injury or death to yourself or
54
others.
The towing connection must be secure, and the
towing must be done by two machines of the same
size or larger than the towed machine. If two
machines are used for towing, connect each machine
to the towed machine.
If only one machine is used for towing, this machine
must be larger than the machine being towed.
The machine being towed to the workshop must be
repaired or adjusted properly before returning to
service.
These towing instructions are for moving a disabled
machine for a short distance at low speed. Move the
machine at a speed of 2 km/h or less to a convenient
location for repair. These instructions are only for
emergencies. Always haul the machine if long
distance moving is required.
Shielding must be provided on both machines. This
will protect the operator if the tow line or the tow bar
breaks.
Do not allow an operator to be on the machine that is
being towed unless the operator can control the
steering and/or the braking.
Before towing, make sure that the tow line or the tow
bar is in good condition. Make sure that the tow line
or the tow bar has enough strength for the towing
procedure that is involved. The strength of the towing
line or of the tow bar should be at least 1.5 times of
the gross weight of the towing vehicle. This is true for
a disabled machine that is stuck in the mud and for
towing on a grade.
Keep the tow line angle to a minimum. Do not exceed
a 30 degree angle from the straight ahead position.
Quick machine movement could overload the tow line
or the tow bar. This could cause the tow line or the
tow bar to break. Gradual, steady machine
movement will be more effective.
Normally, the towing machine should be as large as
the disabled machine. Make sure that the towing
machine has enough brake capacity, enough weight,
and enough power. The towing machine must be
able to control both machines for the grade that is
involved and for the distance that is involved.
You must provide sufficient control and sufficient
braking when you are moving a disabled machine
downhill. This may require a larger towing machine or
additional machines that are connected to the rear.
This will prevent the machine from rolling away out of
control.
All situation requirements cannot be listed. Minimal
towing machine capacity is required on smooth, level
surfaces. On inclines in poor condition or on surfaces
in poor condition, maximum towing machine capacity
is required. Attach the towing device and the machine
before you release the brakes.
Jacking position
Improper lifting and blocking may result in the
personal injury or death. Keep a proper distance with
the jack when it is used to jack the machine. The jack
should have the correct ratings required for jacking
the machine. Place blocks before performing any
work on the machine.
Front of Machine
Confirm the following points before lifting the front of
the machine:
• The transmission control lever is in the parking
brake position.
• The wheel lean pins are located on the front axle.
• The hinge lock pin has been installed.
• The rear wheel has been blocked.
• The jack size is sufficient to support the weight of
the machine. See the "Specifications" in the
Operation and Maintenance Manual for the weight
of the machine.
The jack raises the front of the machine from the
areas under the front axle.
Behind the Machine
Confirm the following points before lifting the rear of
the machine:
• The transmission control lever is in the parking
brake position.
• The wheel lean pins are located on the front axle.
• The hinge lock pin has been installed.
• The front wheel has been blocked.
• The jack size is sufficient to support the weight of
the machine. See the "Specifications" in the
Operation and Maintenance Manual for the weight
of the machine.
The jack raises the rear of the machine from the
areas under the rear main frame of the machine.
Fire safety procedures
Fire prevention during equipment use, maintenance
and storage
• Fire prevention during refueling process;
• Fire protection during welding or cutting repair;
• Muffler, exhaust gas, etc. shall not be close to
withered grass, flammable materials;
• Fire prevention during equipment parking and
storage;
• Fire protection for battery;
• Fire protection when working in explosive
atmospheres;
Measures to be taken in case of fire;
• Move the machine away from dangerous
areas;
• Stop the engine and turn the ignition switch to
OFF position;
• Exit the cab;
• Turn off the power shut-off switch;
• Inform the fire brigade (if necessary).
Storage
Storage instructions
Information provided for the operators who are
prepared for long time storage or short time storage,
precautions to be taken and special tools.
Note: Short term storage is less than 2 months;
Long-terms defines the storage period of 3 to 12
months.
Short Time Storage:
55
• Clean the dirt and dust on the machine, paying
particular attention to the cleaning of the engine,
alternator, starting motor, fuel injection pumps, fuel
injectors, hydraulic pumps and motors, as well as
hydraulic piping and outer surfaces. These areas
must be wiped with a dry, soft rag.
• Drain the coolant in radiator and engine coolant
tank
• Scrub the outer surface of all parts and all
lubrication holes with kerosene to and fill with oil
wax.
• The machine should be kept ready to start at any
time during short-term storage.
Long Time Storage
Storage site
• Usually in a ventilated and dry warehouse;If the
equipment is stored in the exposed area, it should
be parked on a concrete floor that is easy to drain,
covered with a canvas or a canopy and secured.
This site will not be affected by natural disasters
and shall be free of the corrosive and harmful
substances and gases.
Storage
• The stored machine should be positioned
horizontally on the support to prevent from the
distortion of the body and deformation of the tire.
The distance between each wheel and each
supporting surface shall not be less than 8 cm.
• Batteries shall be disconnected. If the machine is to
be stored for more than one month, remove the
batteries from the machine and store in a special
place.
• Start the machine once a month and run it at low
speed for half an hour to lubricate all the grader
systems, while adding the grease to all fittings.
• Regularly check the appearance quality, protective
surfaces, and antiseptics of the equipment;
• Inspection interval of long-term storage:
In a warm climate, check every 6 months;
In the tropics, cold times of temperate and frigid
zones, and coastal areas, check every 3 months.
After Long Time Storage
• Remove the covering;
• Remove the preserves applied to exposed parts;
• Charge the battery, then install and connect the
battery;
56
• The engine crankcase, the wheel reducer and the
drive axle shall be drained and cleaned, then
replace with new oil as required;
• Drain inclusions and water from the hydraulic oil
tank and fuel tank;
• Grease all the hinges;
• Check and adjust the tire pressure;
• For the inspections prior to operation, see the
inspection requirements in the operate section.
Recommended methods for coating removal;
Protection
Removal Method
Method
Apply the protective Peel off the protective paper, blow with the
agent to the surface hot and dry air or rinse with the soda soap
solution.
Apply the oil or the Wash it with the hot water or the detergent
paint on the surface solution, or wipe it with an organic solvent
and then wash with the hot water or the
detergent solution.
The protective Cut the polymer film in proper area and
polymer is applied to peel it down
the surface
Apply the lightproof Wash it with the detergent.
compound on the
rubber surface
Specified Storage Period
The specified storage period of this machine is 1 year.
After this specified storage period has expired,
consult your SEM Dealer for inspect, repair, rebuild,
install remanufactured, install new components, and
disposal options and to establish a new specified
storage period. If a decision is made to remove this
machine from service, see the Decommissioning and
Disposal section of this Operations and Maintenance
Manual.
Decommissioning and
Disposal
When the product is removed from service, local
regulations for the product decommissioning will vary.
Disposal of the product will vary with local
regulations.
Improperly disposing of waste can threaten the
environment. Obey all local regulations for the
decommissioning and disposal of materials.Utilize
appropriate personal protective equipment when
decommissioning and disposing product.
Consult the nearest SEM dealer for additional
information. Including information for component
remanufacturing and recycling options.
Maintenance Section
System maintenance schedule
Parts replaced timely
• Battery - Recycle
• Circle gap - Adjust
• Circle Drive Oil Level - Check
• Circuit Breaker - Reset
• Cutting Edge and End-bits - Inspect/Replace
• Drawbar Ball and Bracket Movement - Detection -
Adjust
• Engine Air Filter Element - Clean/Replace
• Fan Coil - Clean
• Fuses - Replace
• Oil Filter - Check
• Radiator Core - Clean
• Seat - Check
• Seat Belts - Inspect
• Air Conditioning Condenser - Clean / Inspect
• Window Washer Tank - Fill
• Windshield Wiper - Check/Replace
Every 10 Service Hours or Daily
• Water and sediments in air manifold - Drain
• Back-up Alarm - Test
• Brake, Indicators and Gauges - Test
• Circle Drive Pinion - Lubrication
• Circle Top - Lubrication
• Brake Booster Oil Level - Check
• Cooling System Level - Check
• Engine Air Cleaner Service Indicator - Check
• Engine Oil Level - Check
• Water and Sediments in Fuel Tank - Drain
• Windows - Clean
• Transmission Oil Level - Check
• Worm Gear Box Oil Level - Check
• Hydraulic System Oil Level - Check
• Front Wheel Tilt Level Bearing - Lubrication
• Front Wheel Lean Bearings - Lubrication
• Axle Shaft Tilt Cylinder Bearings - Lubrication
• Front Wheel Lean Bearing - Lubricate
• Front Axle Oscillation Bearing - Lubricate
• Front Axle Steering Bearing - Lubricate
Every 50 Service Hours or Weekly
• Air Conditioner Inner Filter - Clean/Inspect
• Air Conditioner Fresh Air Filter - Clean / Inspect
NOTE: It should be replaced timely once being
damaged
Every 100 Service Hours or 2 Weeks
• Articulation Bearings - Lubrication
• Front Axle Hub Bearing - Lubricate
• Cab Air Filter - Clean/Replace
• Center Frame Lock Lever - Cleaning/Lubrication
• Drawbar Ball and Bracket - Lubrication
• Kingpin Bearings - Lubrication
• Scarifier Cylinder Bearings - Lubrication
• Scarifier Lift Linkage - Lubrication
• Tyre Pressure - Check
• Drive shaft - Lubrication
• Rear Drive Axle Oil Level - Check
• Main Reducer Oil Level - Check
50 hours for the first time
• Engine Oil and Filter - Replacement
100 hours for the first time
• Transmission Oil / Oil Filter - Replacement
250 hours for the first time
• Replace the hydraulic oil return filter element
• Air Filter Element - Check/Replace
• Rear Drive Axle Final Drive Oil - Replacement
57
• Centershift Lock bar - Cleaning/Lubrication
Every 250 Service Hours
• Battery Electrolyte Level - Check
• Blade Lift Cylinder Bracket - Lubrication
• Center Frame Cylinder Bracket - Lubrication
• Coolant - Add
• Radiator - Clean
• V-BELTS -
INSPECTION/ADJUSTMENT/REPLACEMENT
• Front Wheel Bearing - Inspection/Lubrication
• Fuel System - Priming
• Fuel System Filter - Clean/Inspect/Replace
• Engine Oil and Filter - Replace
• Fuel System Filter - Replace
• Air Filter Element - Replace
Every 500 Service Hours
• Articulation Bearings - Lubrication
• Engine Crankcase Breather - Clean
• Fuel Tank Cap and Strainer - Clean
• Braking System - Test
• Pump Drive Shaft - Lubricate
• Engine Valve Lash (First 500 Hours) - Check
Every 1000 Service Hours
• Cooling System Pressure Cap -
Cleaning/Replacement
• Rollover Protection Structure (ROPS) - Check
• Rear Drive Axle Final Drive Oil - Replacement
• Transmission Oil / Oil Filter - Replacement
• Replace the hydraulic oil return filter element
• Air Drying Cylinder - Replacement
• Chain - Check or Replace
• Hydraulic Tank Filter Element - Replace
Every 2000 Service Hours
• Air Conditioning - Test
58
• Battery or Battery Cable - Inspect/Replace
• Circle Drive Oil - Replacement
• Condenser (Refrigerant) - Cleaning
• Engine Valve Lash - Check
• Engine Valve Rotators – Inspect
• Evaporator Coil and Heater Coil - Clean
• Hydraulic System Oil - Replace
• Replace the oil tank fill filter breather element
• Replace the diesel fuel tank fill filter breather
element
• Balance Box Hydraulic Oil - Replace
• Worm Box Gear Oil - Replace
Every 10000 Service Hours or 5 Years
• Engine Coolant - Replace (SEM Brand YF-TYPE
Coolant）
The trouble-free operating time and the service life of
the grader depend largely on whether the machine is
properly used and serviced. Proper inspection and
maintenance can not only prolong the service life of
the machine, but also identify the fault as early as
possible, and deal with it early, to reduce the
maintenance time and save the maintenance cost.
Inspection and Maintenance before
Operation
• Coolant level in the radiator.
• Amount of oil in engine oil pan.
• Amount of the fluid in the fuel tank, the hydraulic
tank and the transmission.
• Tightness of all oil pipes, water pipes and
accessories.
• If the foot braking and the hand brake are reliable.
• If the control levers are flexible and put in the
neutral position.
• If the tire pressure is normal (2.6n Bar).
• If the rim bolts, bridge mounting bolts, drive shaft
coupling bolts, and other bolts are loose.
Inspection and Maintenance after
Operation
• Check the fuel level.
• Check the oil level and cleanliness of the engine oil
pan. If the oil level is found to be too high and the
oil is gradually thinning, identify the cause and fix it.
• Check the oil pipes, water pipes, and accessories
for leaks.
• Check the transmission, the torque converter, the
hydraulic pump, the front and rear axles for fixing,
sealing and presence of overheating.
• Check if the rim bolts, the drive shaft bolts and the
pins are loose. Figure 2

• The coolant should be discharged if the
temperature is lower than 0 degrees Celsius
(except that the antifreeze is available).
• Grease each grease point according to the
schedule.
Blade Board
Adjust to the Right
1. Move the blade to the right horizontally.
3. Loosen the bolts securing the piston rod end
and the blade bracket to the location (1).
Loosen 4 bolts and 4 lock washers.
4. Extend the piston rod.
5. Align all bolt holes on the bracket with the
replacement holes on the blade at the (2)
position.
6. Install 4 lock washers. Install 4 bolts and
tighten them.

2. Lower the blade to the ground.

Circle Gap - Detect/Adjust
Blade Circle and Drawbar
1. Turn the blade to an angle of 90 degrees to the
frame.
Note: Install the C-clip before lowering the blade to
the ground.

Figure 1

3. Loosen the bolts securing the piston rod end

and the blade bracket onto the location (2).
Loosen 4 bolts and 4 lock washers.
4. Retract the piston rod to the (1) position.
5. Align all bolt holes on the bracket with the
replacement holes on the blade at the (1)
position.
6. Install 4 lock washers. Install 4 bolts and
tighten them.
Adjust to the Left
1. Move the blade to the left horizontally.
2. Lower the bucket to the ground.

2. Install the blade circle (2) and the drawbar (1) in

the front with two C-clips. This will fasten the

59
 blade circle and the drawbar together. Tighten the
two C-clips until the wear plate (3) contacts the
top of the blade circle, and the wear plate (3) also
contacts the bottom of the drawbar.
3. Lower the bucket to the ground. Stop the engine.
4. Measure the distance (A) between the top
surface of the blade circle and the bottom surface
of the drawbar. If the distance between the top
surface of the blade circle and the bottom surface
of the drawbar is less than 1.5 mm (0.06 inch),
replace the wear plate (3). 4. Fasteners for liner (4), liner (5) and liner (6) must
5. Inspect the wear plate (3). Inspect the drawbar. be tightened. Make sure that the wear plate (3) of
The wear plate (3) should contact with the the liner is completely seated on the circle liner.
surface of the blade circle in a full range. If the
wear plate (3) can not contact with the surface of
the blade circle in a full range, replace the wear
plate (3).

Spacing between blade circle and liner

1. Rotate the blade. Turn the blade to an angle of 90
degrees to the frame.
Note: Install the C-clip before lowering the blade to
the ground.

5. Measure the gap (B) between the bottom of the

2. Install the blade circle (1) and the drawbar (2) in
the front with two C-clips. Tighten the two C-clips
until the wear plate (3) contacts with the top of the
blade circle, and also contacts with the bottom of
the drawbar.
3. Lower the bucket to the ground. Stop the engine.
Note: Check the condition of the wear plate (3) along
the blade circle. The wear plate (3) should contact
with the blade circle and the drawbar in a full range.
60
circle (1) and the top of the wear plate (7) of the
liner. Keep the maximum gap of 0.5 mm (0.02
inch). Maintain the proper gap by adding the
shims (8) or removing the shims (8).
Note: The proper gap allows the blade circle to rotate
freely within a 360-degree angle.
Adjust the circle liner (9) periodically.
6. Loosen the liner fasteners (6). Remove the liner
fasteners (4) and the liner fasteners (5).
7. Add or remove the shims as needed.
8. Install the liner fasteners (4) and the liner
fasteners (5). Tighten the liner fasteners.
9. When the adjustment of all circle liners (9)
finished, check for proper gap of the circle liner
(9). If necessary, adjust the circle liner (9).
Note: When all adjustments have completed, the
blade circle (1) should not be blocked and must rotate
smoothly.
Circle pinion and circle
Note: The engagement between the circle pinion and
the circle gear depends on the adjustment of the
circle liner. Clean the circle and the pinion. Remove
the dust and other abrasive materials. This will
reduce the wear of the circle pinion and the circle
gears. Also, this helps to improve the accuracy of the
circle liner adjustments. Apply the clean grease to the
circle pinion and the circle gears after the adjustment.
1. Rotate the blade. Turn the blade to the angle of
90 degrees to the frame. Lower the bucket to the
ground. When the machine moves forward slowly,
engage the service brake. This will apply a very
light load on the front circle liner and the wear
plates of the circle. Engage the parking brake
control. Stop the engine.
2. Measure the clearance between the worm gear
box output gear tooth root and circle tooth top
with a feeler gauge. The clearance should be
maintained 3-5 mm (0.12-0.20 inch) as shown.
3. Loosen the liner fasteners (4), the liner fasteners
(5) and the liner fasteners (6) (11) on the liners
which are in front of the circle.
4. Loosen the liner fasteners and the lock nuts on
the rear circle liner.
5. If so equipped, loosen the liner fasteners and the
lock nuts on the side liners of the circle.
6. Adjust the liners in front of the circle regularly.
Turn the adjusting bolt (12) inward, or turn the
adjusting bolt (12) outward so that the distance is
3to 5 mm. Adjust the other front circle liners.
Note: If the circle liner is moved forward, the machine
needs to drive forward slowly to apply a very light
load among the circle, the front circle liner and the
wear plate.
Note: Adjust the front liner so that the liner in front of
the circle has the same clearance.
7. If the correct clearance cannot be obtained due to
the worn wear plate (7) of the front liner, replace
the worn wear plate (7) of the liner. Then, repeat
the Step 6.
8. Tighten the fasteners and the lockout nuts on the
front circle liner.
Note: The adjusting bolts must be tightened firmly on
the circle liner before the liner fasteners and the lock
nuts are tightened.
9. Allow all circle liners (front, back, and side) to full
contact with the circle. There should be no
clearance between the circle liner and the circle.
10. When the pinion clearance is set and the front
circle liner contacts with the blade circle, measure
the clearance (C) between each wear plate (7)
and the blade circle. The maximum clearance
should be 0,8 mm (0,03 inch).
11. Use 475 ± 60 N·m (350 ± 44 lb ft) of torque to
tighten the liner fasteners (4), the liner fasteners
(5) and all other liner fasteners (6).
12. Tighten all locking bolts (11) with 200 ± 30 N·m
(150 ± 22 lb ft) of torque.
Blade Wear Plate - Check/Adjust/Replace
61
 3. Remove the 2 bolts (2) from each cover plate (1).
Remove the cover plate (1).
1. Turn the blade to an angle of 90 degrees to the 4. Remove 1 shim from either side to reduce the
frame, lower the bucket to the ground and the gap.
engine shuts off.
Note: If two shims are required to remove, you must
2. Remove the upper and the lower retainer plates, remove one shim from both sides.
and observe the wear plate visually. If the plate
has been worn to close to the blade, replace the 5. Install the cover plate. Install the bolts and tighten
wear plate. them.
3. Mount the adjusting shims at the minimum 6. Observe the movement of the bracket. If the
clearance between the blade slide and the wear bracket is found to be moving, repeat the steps 3
plate to ensure that the clearance is 0.13mm to 5.
(0.005inch) to 0.89mm (0.035inch). Note: If there is no shim, install a new one. Insert two
Note: The adjusting shims should be evenly placed shims to each side. Add shims if necessary.
between the upper and the lower wear plates.
Blade Lift Cylinder Bracket - Lubrication
4. Mount the upper and the lower retainer plates.
1. Wipe all fittings before applying grease to them.
5. Start the engine, lift the blade off the ground,
move the cylinder sideways to the end of travel,
measure the distance between the wear plate
and the blade, and determine the position of the
lowest clearance.
6. Engine shutdown.
7. Remove the upper retainer plate from the central
wear plate support and observe the wear plate
visually. If the wear plate has been worn to close
to the blade, replace the wear plate.
8. Mount the adjusting shims at the minimum
2. There are two blade lift cylinders (1) available on
clearance between the blade slide and the wear
the machine.
plate to ensure that the clearance is 0.13mm
(0.005inch) to 0.89mm (0.035inch). 3. Each blade lift cylinder bracket has a fitting (2). To
fill the blade lift cylinder bracket, use the grease
9. Install the upper retainer plate of the central wear
sleeve to inject the grease into the fitting.
plate support.

Center Frame Cylinder Bracket -

Blade Lift Cylinder Bracket -
Inspection/Adjustment/Replacement
Test/Adjust/Replace
1. Turn the blade to the angle of 90 degrees to the
1. Turn the blade to the angle of 90 degrees to the
frame. Lower the bucket to the ground.
frame. Lower the bucket to the ground.
2. Operate the center frame shift cylinder to observe
2. Operate the blade lift cylinders. Observe the
the bracket. If the bracket moves, but the drawbar
bracket. If the bracket moves, but the blade does
does not move, the adjustment is necessary.
not move, an adjustment is required.

62
 1. The centershift lock bar (1) is located under the
front frame and above the circle.
2. Clean the dirt, the lubricant, and the rust from the
holes in the centershift lock bar.
3. Apply the appropriate lubricant to the holes in the
centershift lock bar.

Drawbar Ball and Socket - Lubrication

Wipe the fittings before applying lubricant through the
3. Remove the bolts (1) from the cover plate (2). fittings.
Remove the cover plate (2).
4. Remove one shim from either side to reduce the
gap.
Note: If two washers are required to remove, it is
necessary to remove 1 shim from both sides.
5. Install the cover plate and the bolts, then tighten
the bolts.
Observe the movement of the bracket. If the bracket
is found to be moving, repeat the steps 3 to 5.
Note: If there is no shim, install a new one. Insert two
shims to each side. Add shims if necessary.
Center Frame Cylinder Bracket -
Lubrication
1. Wipe all fittings before applying grease to them.
Add the appropriate lubricant through the fitting in
order to lubricate the drawbar ball and the bearing
socket.

Drawbar Ball and Support Movement -

2. The centershift frame has one fitting on each end.
To fill the grease into the wheel lean bearing, use
a grease sleeve (which contains 5% Molykote) to
inject it into the fitting.
Detect/Adjust
Rotate the blade so that it is at an angle of 90
degrees to the frame. Lower the blade to the ground.
While a light load is applied on the drawbar ball and
the socket, move the machine backward slowly. Stop
the machine and shut off the engine.

Centershift Lock Bar -

Cleaning/Lubrication

63

Measure the end play between the ball (2) and the
cover (3). The end play should be 0.6 ± 0.2 mm (.02
± .01 in). Adjust the end play, if necessary.
Adjust
Support the drawbar and the circle liner.
Remove the bolts (1) that are used to secure the
drawbar and the frame bolster. Move the drawbar
backward or move the machine forward.
1. Remove the screw (7) that secures the drawbar
and the connector (6) from the cover (3). Remove
the connector.
2. If necessary, remove the shim (4) or install the
shim (4) to keep the end play to be 0.6 ± 0.2 mm
(.02 ± .01 in).
3. Install the bolt (7) and the connector (6) in the
cover (3). Rotate the cover (3) manually. The
brackets should move freely in the drawbar ball
(2).
4. Check the torque of the bolt (5) used to hold the
drawbar ball (2) in place. The correct torque is
500 ± 65 N·m (370 ± 50 lb ft).
5. Install the drawbar on the frame bolster. Tighten
the bolts (1) to a torque of 950 ± 50 N·m (701 ±
37 lb ft)。
64
Battery - Cleaning / Inspection
Battery Diagram
Note: The batteries on the machine are
maintenance free batteries. You do not need to
check the level of the electrolyte in the
maintenance free batteries.
Check the following:
• Clean the top of the batteries with a clean cloth.
• Clean the battery terminals. Coat the battery
terminals with petroleum jelly.
• Tighten the battery retainers on both of the
batteries.
Battery - Recycle
Always recycle a battery. Never discard a battery.
Always return used batteries to one of the following
locations:
• A battery supplier
• An authorized battery collection facility
• Recycling facility
Battery or Battery Cable -
Inspect/Replace
1. Turn the engine start switch to the OFF position.
Turn all switches to the OFF position.
2. The battery box is located on the right side of the
rear frame in the middle of the machine.
3. Open the battery box cover
4. Turn the battery disconnect switch to the OFF
position.
 professionals.

Fuses - Replacement
Fuse - The fuses protect the electrical system from
damage that is caused by the overloaded circuits.
Change a fuse if the element separates. If the
element of a new fuse separates, check the circuit.
Repair the problem before you operate the machine.

Disconnect Switch Diagram

Schematic for Central Electric Controller

Battery Diagram
Backup Alarm
5. At the battery disconnect switch, disconnect the The backup alarm is located at the rear of the
negative battery cable that is connected to the
frame. machine, in the lower right corner of the
Note: Do not allow the disconnected battery cables hydraulic fan.
to contact the disconnect switch. Do not allow the
disconnected battery cables to contact the other Start the machine and place the transmission control
cables. Do not allow the disconnected battery cables to the reverse position, the reverse alarm should
to contact the opposite terminal of either battery. immediately sound and continue until the control
lever is moved to the neutral or forward gear.
6. Disconnect the negative battery cable at the
battery.
7. Disconnect the positive battery cable from the
battery. Engine Air Cleaner Service Indicator -
8. Remove the positive cable from the starter motor. Check/Replace
9. Remove the cable that connects the two batteries
together.
10. Perform the necessary repairs. Replace the
cables or the batteries, as needed.
11. Reverse the above steps in order to reconnect
the batteries.
12. Connect the battery cable at the battery
disconnect switch.
13. Turn the battery disconnect switch to the ON
position.
14. Close the battery box cover.
The air cleaner is located in the engine hood on the
Note: The replacement of the battery cables is left side of the machine.
recommended to be performed by the
65
Every 100-200 hours or when the alarm appears red,
use the compressed air that is less than 490kPa to
blow the element from outside to inside along the
direction of the pleats.
Do not use other tools to knock the filter element
when removing the filter element. Clean the inner
wall of the filter outlet pipe and the sealing surface.
Check the connections to ensure that the filter cap
matches the engine intake and is airtight.
The air filter can only be serviced when the
engine is shut down. Otherwise, the engine may
be damaged as a result.
Service the air cleaner filter element when the
blue plunger on the engine air filter service
indicator enters the red zone.
1. Remove the end cover (1) from the air filter
housing.
2. Remove primary filter element (2) from the air
filter housing.
3. Clean the inside of the air cleaner housing.
4. Install a clean primary air filter element. Install the
cap of the air filter.
Note: Refer to the Cleaning of Primary Filter
Element.
5. Reset the engine air filter service indicator.
If the blue piston in the indicator moves into the red
zone after starting the engine or the exhaust smoke
is still black after installation of a clean filter element,
it is required to install a new primary filter element. If
the piston remains in the red zone replace the
secondary element.
Cleaning of Primary Air Filter Element
Attention
Caterpillar (Qingzhou) Ltd. recommends the use
of a certified air cleaner cleaning service
provided by an authorized Caterpillar (Qingzhou)
Ltd. dealer. The cleaning process of Caterpillar
(Qingzhou) Ltd. employs proven procedures that
66
ensure consistent quality and long filter life.
Observe the following guidelines if you attempt
to clean the filter element:
Do not tap or strike the filter element in order to
remove the dust.
Do not wash the filter element.
Use the low pressure compressed air to remove
the dust from the filter element. The air pressure
must not exceed 207 kPa. Direct the air flow up
the pleats and down the pleats from the inside of
the filter element. Take extreme care in order to
avoid damage to the pleats.
Do not use the air filters with damaged pleats,
gaskets, or seals. Dirt entering the engine will
cause damage to engine components.
The Primary element can be reused up to 6 times
if the element is properly cleaned and inspected.
When the primary filter element is cleaned, check
for rips or tears in the element material. The
primary filter element should be replaced at least
one time per year. This replacement must be
performed regardless of the number of cleanings.
Attention
Do not clean the filter elements by striking or
tapping. This will damage the seals. Do not use
the filter element with damaged pleats, gaskets or
seals. The damaged filter element will allow dirt
to pass through. The engine may be damaged as
a result.
Visually inspect the primary air filter elements before
cleaning. Inspect the air filter element for damage to
the seal, the gaskets, and the outer cover. Discard
any damaged air cleaner elements.
There are two common methods used for cleaning
the primary filter elements:
• Compressed air
• Vacuum cleaning
Compressed Air
The compressed air can be used to clean the primary
filter element that has not been cleaned more than
two times. Compressed air will not remove deposits
of carbon and oil. Use filtered, dry air with a
maximum pressure of 207 kPa.

Note: When the primary filter elements are
cleaned, always begin with the clean side (inside)
in order to force dirt particles toward the dirty
side (outside).
Aim the hose so that the air flows inside the element
along the length of the filter in order to prevent
damage to the pleats. Do not aim the stream of air
directly at the primary air cleaner element. Dirt could
be forced further into the pleats.
Vacuum Cleaning
Vacuum cleaning is another method for cleaning a
primary air filter element which requires daily
cleaning because of a dry, dusty environment.
Cleaning with pressurized air is recommended prior
to vacuum cleaning. Vacuum cleaning will not
remove deposits of carbon and oil.
Inspect the primary filter element
Check if the primary filter element is clean and dry.
Use a 60 watt blue light in a dark room or in a similar
facility. Place the blue light in the primary filter
element. Rotate the primary filter element. Inspect
the primary filter element for tears and/or holes.
Inspect the primary element for light that may show
through the filter material. To confirm the result, the
primary element must be compared with a new filter
element with the same part number.
Do not use a primary air filter element that has any
tears and/or holes in the filter material. Do not use an
air cleaner element with damaged pleats, gaskets or
seals. Discard damaged air cleaner elements.
Store Primary Filter Elements
If a primary element that passes the inspection will
not be used, it can be stored for future use.
Do not use paints, waterproof covers, or plastics as
protective packaging when storing to prevent air
circulation from being blocked. To protect against dirt
and damage, wrap the primary air filter elements in
Volatile Corrosion Inhibited (VCI) paper.
Place the primary filter element into a box for storage.
For identification, mark the outside of the box and
mark the air filter element. Include the following
information:
• Date of cleaning
• Number of cleanings
Store the box in a dry location.
Engine Secondary Air Filter Element -
Replacement
Attention
Always replace the secondary element. Never
attempt to reuse the secondary filter element by
cleaning the element.
When the secondary filter element is replaced,
the primary filter element should also be
replaced.
The secondary filter element should also be
replaced if the exhaust smoke is still black.
1. Open the engine hood.
2. See the "Primary Engine Air Filter Element -
Clean/Replace" in the Operation and
Maintenance Manual. Remove the air cleaner
cover from the air cleaner housing. Remove the
primary filter element from the air cleaner
housing.
67
 the Caterpillar (Qingzhou) Ltd. dealer for further
analysis.

Using the lubrication oil filter element which is

not recommended by Caterpillar (Qingzhou) Ltd.
can cause serious damage to the engine bearings,
crankshafts and other parts. This may generate
the larger particles in the unfiltered lubricating oil.
These particles could enter the lubricating
system and cause damage.

3. Remove the secondary filter element.

Engine Oil and Filter - Replace
4. Cover the air inlet opening. Clean the inside of
The engine oil drain is located on the right side of the
the air cleaner housing.
machine and under the cab.
5. Remove the cover from the air inlet opening.
6. Inspect the operator compartment for a buildup of
trash.
7. Install the primary filter element.
8. Install the air cleaner cover and tighten it.
9. Close the engine hood.

The figure shows the oil drain from the engine oil pan.
Oil Filter - Check
Note: The engine oil should be drained when the
Check the used oil filter for debris oil is hot and the contaminants are in
suspension.
The diesel engine should be stopped when the water
temperature reaches 60 degrees Celsius. Remove
the oil drain plug.
Note: For other engines, please refer to Engine
Maintenance Instructions.

Engine Compartment– Clean

Attention
The element is shown with debris. The engine should be shut off and cooled down
Use a filter cutter to cut the filter element open. before spraying the high pressure water against
Spread apart the pleats and inspect the element for the engine compartment. Do not spray the water
metal and for other debris. An excessive amount of directly to the hot fuel injection pump, otherwise
debris in the filter element can indicate a possible damage may occur.
failure. Use a commercially available engine degreaser to
If metals are found in the filter element, a magnet can clean the engine compartment. Take care to keep the
be used to differentiate between ferrous metals and water around the bearings and electrical connections
nonferrous metals. as little as possible.
Ferrous metals may indicate wear on the steel and
cast iron parts.
Nonferrous metals may indicate wear on the
aluminum parts of the engine, such as main bearing,
connecting rod or turbocharger bearings.
Small amounts of debris may be found in the filter
element. This could be caused by friction and the
normal wear. If excessive debris are found, contact
68
Cab Fresh Air Filter / Recirculation Air Window Washer Reservoir - Fill
Filter - Replacement
Cleaning filter element

Window Washer Reservoir

Note: In a dusty environment, the cab filters need to The window washer reservoir is located on the lower
be cleaned more frequently. right side outside the cab.
2 fresh air filters are available on the cab ventilation
system. They are installed on the each side of the If the washer fluid level is low, refill the reservoir.
cab door panel.
The cab recirculation air filter is located behind the Window Wiper - Inspect/Replace
operator seat.
1. Remove the filter cap cover.
2. Remove the filter element. Blow with the
compressed air.
3. Rinse the filter element.
4. Install the filter. Install the filter cap cover.

Filter Element Replacement

Note: Replace the cab air filter as needed.
1. Remove the filter cover.
2. Remove the filter element. Discard the filter
element properly.
3. Install a new filter element. Window Wiper Schematic
4. Install the filter cover.
Inspect the front windshield wiper blade and the rear
windshield wiper blade. If necessary, replace the
windshield wiper blades.

69
Windows - Clean
Use commercially available window cleaning
solutions to clean the windows. Clean the outside of
the cab windows from the ground unless handholds
are available.
Circle Drive Oil - Check
In the event of a leak or suspected leak, check the oil
level in the worm gear box.
3. Unscrew the filler plug and add gear oil to 1/2 of
the sight glass.
4. Wipe the filler plug and tighten it.
5. Start the machine and operate it for 5 minutes.
6. Check the oil level through the sight glass. If
necessary, repeat the refill step.
Lubrication of Articulation Bearing
Wipe the grease fittings' surface before adding.
The grease fill port is located under the cab, on the
left side of the machine.

Add the gear oil when the oil level is lower than 1/3 of
sight glass.
Before adding the gear oil, wipe the surface of the
worm gear box.
Blade Lift Cylinder Bracket - Lubrication
Wipe the grease fittings before adding.
Add gear oil above 1/2 of the sight glass.

Circle Drive Oil - Replacement

Note: Please note that when it needs to observe,
test, maintain, repair or replace the relevant fluid,
prepare the correct fluid container before
performing the repair or the replacement.

There are 2 blade lift cylinders.

Braking System - Test

- Braking Capacity Test of Service Brake System

Sudden movement of the machine during testing

Drain Plug
1. Unscrew the oil drain plug to discharge the gear
oil into a suitable container.
2. When all oil is drained, wipe the oil drain plug and
tighten this plug.
can cause personal injury. If the machine moves
suddenly, reduce the engine speed immediately
and activate the parking brake system.
Make sure there are no obstacles and other irrelevant
people on the test site before testing.

70
Select a dry, level surface as the test site. of the machine and under the hydraulic fan.
Before starting the test, fasten the seat belts. When the cylinder cannot continue to absorb the
moisture, replace it to continue.
Use the following test method to determine if the
service brake system is functioning. This test is not Water and sediments in Air Manifold -
intended to test the brake capability of the service Drain
brake system.
1. Turn on the engine and lift the blade slowly.
2. Depress the brake pedal and move the
transmission control lever to the 4 gear to
increase the engine speed to high speed.
3. Gradually shift down the shift lever. The machine
should remain stationary.
4. Reduce the engine speed, pull the hand brake,
lower the blade to the ground, and stop the
engine.
Braking Capacity Test of Parking Brake
System
Make sure there are no obstacles and other irrelevant The air manifold is located on the left and right sides
people on the test site before testing. of the rear frame engine.

Select a dry, level surface as the test site. Pull the lower air manifold pull ring downwards to
drain the water and other sediments out of the
Before starting the test, fasten the seat belts. manifold. Then reset it.
Use the following test methods to determine if the
parking brake system is functioning. This test is not
intended to test the max braking capacity of the Brake Booster Oil Level - Check
parking brake system. The brake fluid bowl is located on the left side of the
1. Park the machine on a slope surface with an machine inside the hood.
angle of 20 degree.
2. Pull up the hand brake to release the service
brake system. The wheels should not rotate. If
not, depress the brake pedal.

Air Drying Cylinder - Replace

Note: The brake lines pressure to and from the air
drying cylinder must be the same as the
atmospheric pressure. Failure to release the
system pressure will result in personal injury.
When performing the maintenance or the repairs,
release the system pressure completely.
Open the bowl cover to check the brake fluid level.
When the brake fluid level is below the lower mark,
add it to the level that below the upper mark.

The air drying cylinder is located on the rear left side

71
Parking Brake Friction Plate
Replacement Procedure
The 3 longitudinal gutters on the caliper friction plate
are marks for grinding, it needs to replace with new
plate if the gutters on it are smooth.
Replacement guide for external friction linings of
drive axle brake calipers:
Step 1: Unscrew the retaining screw of the brake
caliper pin.
Step 2: Remove the friction plate retaining pin.
Step 3: Remove the friction plate gently.
Step 4: Replace with the new friction plate.
Step 5: Force into the retaining pin slightly.
Step 6: Tighten the retaining screws on the pin shaft.
72
The replacement of drive axle brake caliper inner
plate is same as the outer plate, and inspect the
removed parts thoroughly after the replacement.
Confirm all is right, and test the machine.
Balance Tank Level - Check
The oil level hole of the balance tank is located on the
outer center of the box.
Park the grader on a flat and dry ground.
Unscrew the oil level plug and observe the oil level.
The lower level limit is 8 mm from the lower oil level
hole busbar.
Balance Tank Oil - Replacement
The balance tank drain plug is located at the bottom
rear of the tank.
Prepare a container before draining.
Park the machine on a level surface.
Unscrew the drain plug and drain the oil into the
container.
The balance tank oil level hole is the filling hole.
When refilling, the axle should be in a horizontal
position.
The refill amount is controlled at the lower busbar of
the plug hole, and a small amount of spilling is
allowable. A single surge tank group is filled with
approximately 70 liters.
Main Reducer Oil Level - Check
The refill amount is controlled within the final drive oil
hole, which is located in the middle of the final drive
group.
Unscrew the oil level plug and observe the oil level.
The lower level limit is 8 mm from the lower oil level
hole busbar.
Final drive oil - Replace
The drain plug of the final drive is located under the
final drive.
Prepare a container before draining.
Unscrew the drain plug and drain the oil into the
container.
The final drive oil level hole is the filling hole.
When refilling, the axle should be in a horizontal
position. The refill amount is controlled at the lower
busbar of the bridge, and a small amount of spilling is
allowable. The final drive and the planetary reduction
groups are refill with approximately 36 liters oil.
Transmission Oil Level - Check
The transmission oil level detection mark is located
on the rear right side of the machine.
Park the machine on a flat and dry ground, start it and
run for 5-10 minutes with the engine idling, and check
the transmission oil level, when the oil temperature is
40 °C, the oil level should be between the middle
mark and the lower mark of the dipstick;When the oil
temperature is 80°C, the oil level should be between
the middle mark and the upper mark of the dipstick.
NOTE: The actual transmission oil level with the
stopped engine would be increased due to the
installation state.
Transmission Oil/Oil filter - Replace
The transmission oil drain plug is located on the rear
right side of the machine. Opposite side of the
dipstick.
Park the machine on a level and dry surface.
Prepare a large enough container before draining.
73
After the engine is stopped, discharge the oil until the
oil is completely cooled down.
Add the oil from the oil mark once the oil drain is
finished.
Start the machine for 1 minute and stop for 5 minutes,
then check if the oil level meets the requirements.
The added oil is about 36 liters. The oil scale will
govern.
Note: When replacing the transmission oil,
replace the transmission oil filter as well.
The transmission oil filter is located on the upper left
side of the transmission.
Note: Under the severe service conditions, the oil
and oil filter should be changed every 500 hours
after the first 100-hour replacement.
Drive Shaft - Lubricate
74
There are two drive shafts, one connects to the
engine and the transmission, and the other one
connects between the engine and the piston pump.
Circle Drive Pinion - Lubrication
The circle drive pinion is located in the lower of the
circle.
1. Clean the dirt and the lubricants filled previously.
2. Add the proper lubricant.
Note: Caterpillar (Qingzhou) Ltd. recommends the
use of 5% molybdenum lubricants to lubricate circle
drive pinion.
Kingpin Bearings - Lubrication
Wipe the grease fittings before adding the lubricant.
Front Wheel Lean Bearing - Lubrication
Wipe the fittings before adding the lubricant.
Each front wheel has a front wheel lean bearing.
Front Wheel Tilt Level Bearing -
Lubrication
Wipe the grease fitting before adding the lubricant.
One is available on both left and right sides.

Blade Lift Linkage - Lubrication

Wipe the fitting before adding the lubricant

Front Wheel Tilt Cylinder Bearings -

Lubrication

Wipe the fitting before adding the lubricant Scarifier Cylinder - Lubrication
Wipe the fitting before adding the lubricant
Front Axle Oscillation Bearing -
Lubrication
Wipe the fitting before adding the lubricant

Scarifier Lift Linkage - Lubrication

Blade Cylinder Bearings - Lubrication Wipe the fitting before adding the lubricant
Wipe the fitting before adding the lubricant

75
 with a new one.
Remove the filler screen, clean and reinstall it. And
lubricate the O-rings.

Water and Sediments in Fuel Tank - Drain

The drain plug is located on the right side of the
machine.

Seat Belt - Inspect/Replace

Before operating the machine, the seat belt must be
inspected. If there are any damaged parts, they must
be replaced before operating the machine.

The water and the sediment can be drained out of the

fuel tank by loosening the screw.

Hydraulic System Oil Level - Check

Check: 1. the seat belt mounting hardware, 2. the Park the machine on a flat surface.
buckle, 3. Check the seat belt for wear or damage. Turn off the engine and observe the hydraulic system
Replace it immediately if damaged. oil level after 5 minutes.
Within three years of the date of installation or within
five years of the date of manufacture, replace the
seat belt.

Fuel Tank Cap and Strainer - Clean

When the oil level is extremely low, add the hydraulic

Open the fuel tank cap to check if the O-ring of the oil with the same grade.
fuel tank cap is damage. If it is damaged, replace it
76

Hydraulic System Oil Level - Replace
Park the machine on a flat surface.
Prepare a large enough container.
Stop the engine, and when the engine oil is
completely cool, unscrew the drain plug until the oil is
drained completely.
Add the hydraulic oil.
Cooling System Coolant Level - Check
The sight glass for cooling system coolant level is
located inside the hood, on the right side of the
machine.
Open the right engine access door and the sight
glass is located on the expansion tank above the
engine.
The coolant must be maintained in the level that can
be observed through the sight glass.
Note: If you need to fill the coolant every day,
check the cooling system for leaks.
Coolant - Add
The coolant filler is located on the upper side of the
hood and behind the engine tailpipe.
Add the coolant when no coolant is visible through
the sight glass.
Note: The coolant temperature is very high at the
operating temperature. If the coolant cover is
opened directly, it will cause personal injury.
When removing the coolant filler cap to release
the pressure, perform this operation slowly in
order to prevent from burns.
Cooling System Pressure Cap -
Cleaning/Replacement
Note: The coolant temperature is very high at the
operating temperature. If the coolant cover is
opened directly, it will cause personal injury.
When removing the coolant filler cap to release
the pressure, perform this operation slowly in
order to prevent from burns.
Do not attempt to tighten the pipe connections
with hot coolant.
77
The cooling system pressure cap is located on the
hood, behind the engine tail pipe.
After unscrewing the coolant filler cap, inspect the
seals on the cover for damage, deposits, or other
debris. Wipe it with a clean cloth. If the cap is
damaged, replace it with the new cooling system
pressure cap.
Install the cooling system pressure cap.

Cooling System Coolant / Antifreeze -

Replacement
The cooling system drain valve is located under the
water tank.

Prepare a large enough container.

Park the machine on a flat surface. Open the drain
valve and drain the coolant/antifreeze out it when the
coolant is completely cooled.
Then add the coolant or the antifreeze of the same
type to the cooling system.

78
Common Failures and
Troubleshooting
Because of the normal wear, improper use or
maintenance, or poor manufacturing and assembling,
various malfunctions may occur during the grader
operation. Troubleshooting it according to the this
chapter. The common failures and troubleshooting of
the grader listed in this chapter are for reference only.
Refer to the attached engine user's manual for
engine failure analysis and troubleshooting.

Transmission
Fault Type
Difficult to engage the gear
Abnormal damage to the
bearing
Transmission leakage
Probable Causes Troubleshooting Method
1. Improper clutch adjustment, incomplete disengagement Adjustment
2. Improper adjustment of controls Check Adjustment
1. Dirty Lube Replace
2. Insufficient lubrication or lubricating oil does not meet the
Check and replace
quality requirements
3. The boxes and the parts are not clean Cleaning before assembling
4. Use low quality bearings Replace
1. Oil seal is worn, hardened or lost the elasticity Replace the oil seal
2. Transmission journal that matches with oil seal is worn Weld the gearbox shaft
3. Cracked transmission case Change the transmission housing
4. Damaged bushings or defective seams Replace the gasket
5. Oil level too high Drain the excess oil

Brake System
Fault Probable Causes Troubleshooting Method
1. The brake disc is oily, the friction plates are excessively worn Check the oil leakage and troubleshooing it,
so that the rivets are exposed. then re-rivet the friction plate
2. Lack of brake fluid Add the brake fluid to required position
Replace the driving cylinder elements or
Bad braking performance 3. Air driving cylinder not returning
groups
The air should be purged from the brake
4. Air in the braking circuit
system
5. Brake disc clearance too large Adjust the brake disc gap
1. Oily brake disc on one side Clean the brake disc
One-sided braking 2. Brake hose or connector plugged on one side Clean brake hoses and fittings
3. Excessive brake friction plate worn on one side Replace friction plate

79
Steering Hydraulic System
Fault Probable Causes Troubleshooting Method
1. Filter plugging Clean or replace the filter
2. Insufficient oil supply from hydraulic pump Check and repair the hydraulic pump
3. Air in the steering system Discharge the air in the system and check the
suction line for leaks
4. Steering valve check valve failure Check and repair the steering valve
Hard steering
5. Hydraulic oil viscosity too high Use oil with recommended viscosity
6. Tank oil level too low Refill to the specified oil level
The relief valve in the steering valve block has a pressure lower than Adjust the relief valve pressure or wash the
the operating pressure , or blocked, or the spring is faulty and the relief valve. Replace the spring or seal
seal is damaged

Working device
No Symptom Cause Troubleshooting Method
Work tool malfunction 1. Damaged cylinder 1. Replace the pump
1
2. Stuck relief valve Leaks 2．Repair

Work tool cannot be kept in a fixed position 1. Damaged cylinder piston 1. Replace the sealing ring
2 sealing ring 2. Repair
2. Failed lock valve
The blade shakes during the operation 1. Excessive blade channel gap 1. Adjust or replace the guide
3 2. Excessive circle support 2. Adjust
clearance
The blade can not swing 1. Damaged drive motor or the 1. Replace the hydraulic motor
turbine box 2. Adjust Correct the sticking
4
2. Stuck circle support slide 3. Replace the seal
3. Hydraulic motor connector leak
The blade not being able to extend to one side 1. Blocked blade guide 1. Wash
5
2. Central swivel oil leakage 2. Repair
The oil supply of the hydraulic pump is too small and the noise 1. Too little oil in the tank 1. Add to the specified oil level
6
of the hydraulic pump is too loud 2. Damaged hydraulic pump 2. Replace the hydraulic pump
7 Control lever does not automatically return to neutral position 1. Return spring too soft or broken 1. Replace the return spring

Drive axle
Fault Probable Causes Troubleshooting Method
1. Excessive wear or damage of gears, bearings, etc. Replace gear or bearing
Adjust the gearing clearance of the bevel gear
2. Poor engagement of driving and driven bevel gears
pair
Abnormal sound 3. Improper Clearance Adjustment of driving and driven bevel gear Adjust the bearing clearance of the driving and
bearing driven bevel gear
4. Broken teeth or damaged bearings Replace gear or bearing
5. Lack of lubricant Add lubricating oil to standard level

80
Air Conditioning System
Condensing fan not Compressor working Check if the fan connector is disconnected, if the grounding is
running good, and if the fan is damaged.
Evaporation
fan running Compressor not Check whether the temperature control switch is damaged,
Condensing fan
working whether the relay is closed, and whether the relay terminal is
running
loose.
Condensing fan Check if the speed control switch is malfunctioning, if the fan wire is disconnected,
running, compressor and if the fan ground wire is good.
working
Not refrigerating Evaporation
fan stopped The condenser fan not Check if the fuse is blown, check if the relay is normal and no wires are loose.
running and the
compressor not
working
Excessive R-134a fills into the system. Check if the pressure is within the specified
The
Both steam fan and value by using the high and low pressure gauge.
compressor
condenser fan working R-134a leaks in the system after long time of not working. Check with high and low
is normal
pressure meters to determine whether there is R-134a.
Both steam fan and The inlet and outlet of the reservoir are reversed.
condenser fan work Check the expansion valve for ice or dirt obstruction and replace the reservoir.
properly. Evaporator Replace R-134a.
The and condenser are
Insufficient
compressor normal
cooling capacity
is normal
The fan is working Check if the condenser surface is blocked by fouling.
properly, other things
are normal

Other troubleshooting methods

No Symptom Cause Troubleshooting Method
At the beginning, the system is refrigerating well. After a period Often run on bad roads, resulting Use a leak detector to find the
1 of time, the cooling becomes insufficient. Bubbles in the in loose connections and leaks leakage point and carefully tighten
sightglass;High and low pressure meter readings are low due to vibration the loose part
The system is not refrigerating. The air coming out of the outlet Improper use. The temperature Replace the expansion valve and
is hot. No temperature difference between the inlet and outlet sensing block of the expansion refill R-134a
2
of the expansion valve can be felt by hand. The reading of the valve is worn and leaks, making
low pressure meter is very low. the valve hole closed
The wind at the air outlet is not cold, the temperature of the Impurities are trapped in the Turn on the air-conditioning
compressor rises, the pointer of the low pressure gauge drops system, the expansion valve system intermittently, which can
rapidly to near the value of 0, and the high pressure meter screen is blocked, and a thin frost eliminate the instantaneous
3 reading is high or "sweat" at the expansion valve blockage if the blockage is not
occurs. severe. Or remove the expansion
valve and clean it with alcohol,
drain the system and refill R-134a
Insufficient cooling, evaporator frosting;Both high and low Throttle orifice in the expansion Drain the system, replace the
4
pressure readings are low valve not working expansion valve, and refill R-134a
After the system is running for a period of time, the cooling The desiccant in the reservoir is Drain the system, replace the
5 capacity gradually decreases, the high pressure meter reading saturated, and the expansion valve reservoir, and refill R-134a
is high, and the low pressure reading is low. orifice is blocked by ice.
After the air-conditioning system is turned on, there is only the Poor connection of temperature Use a multimeter to check if the
wind but no cold air. The readings of high and low pressure control switch or damage to the temperature control switch is
6
meters not changing. compressor solenoid clutch wire damaged;Replace the compressor
harness solenoid valve clutch
Frequent action of the compressor solenoid valve clutch and The temperature control switch Check the temperature control
the engagement time is short. It is not cold in the cab. The high opening is too small, automatically switch and turn it to the coldest
7
and low pressure meter readings are normal forcing the compressor to stop, position
resulting in insufficient cooling

81
Regular maintenance basics
The regular maintenance of the bulldozer includes
the following:
• Daily routine maintenance
• First maintenance of the corresponding parts
• Maintenance at every 250 working hours or one
month
• Maintenance at every 500 working hours or 3
months
• Maintenance at every 1000 working hours or 6
months
• Maintenance at every 2000 working hours or one
year
The maintenance intervals listed in this manual are
determined by using the service hour meter or the
calendar (day, month etc.). Caterpillar (Qingzhou) Ltd.
requires the service should always be performed at
the interval that occurs first among the above two
interval determination methods. Under extremely
severe, dusty or wet operating conditions, more
frequent lubrication than is specified in the scheduled
maintenance might be necessary.
During the maintenance, the daily routine
maintenance and first-time maintenance of the
corresponding parts should be strictly followed, and
then different regular maintenance plans should be
executed according to the specific working hours.
The implementation of the maintenance plan for the
regular maintenance should be based on the number
of working hours.

Important Notice!！！

• Use only maintenance parts authorized by

Caterpillar (Qingzhou) Ltd. or designated
dealers of Caterpillar (Qingzhou) Ltd. The use of
unauthorized maintenance parts may create
safety problems that are detrimental to the
normal operation of the machine and affect the
service life.
• Genuine maintenance parts are available from
Caterpillar (Qingzhou) Ltd. or designated
dealers of Caterpillar (Qingzhou) Ltd. Caterpillar
(Qingzhou) Ltd. is not responsible for damage,
accidents and machine damage caused by the
use of unauthorized maintenance parts.
Maintenance parts are available from Caterpillar
(Qingzhou) Ltd. or designated dealers of
Caterpillar (Qingzhou) Ltd.

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A. Fluids

Interval (h) User Instructions Item Description Demand (L) Where used
-15～40°C Diesel engine oil 15W/40 CH-4

First 50 -20～30°C Diesel engine oil 10W/30 CH-4 16.5 Engine

-25～40°C Diesel engine oil 5W/40 CH-4

-15～40°C Diesel engine oil 15W/40

First 100 -20～30°C Diesel engine oil 10W/30 18 Transmission oil

-25～40°C Diesel engine oil 5W/40

-40°C-10°C TDTO SAE 0W-20

-20°C-20°C TDTO SAE 10W 33
First 250 Main reducer assembly
-10°C～40°C TDTO SAE 30

10°C-50°C TDTO SAE 50

-15～40°C Diesel engine oil 15W/40 CH-4

250 -20～30°C Diesel engine oil 10W/30 CH-4 16.5 Engine

-25～40°C Diesel engine oil 5W/40 CH-4

-15°C～40°C Diesel engine oil 15W/40

1000 -20°C～30°C Diesel engine oil 10W/30 18 Transmission oil

-25°C～40°C Diesel engine oil 5W/40

-40°C-10°C TDTO SAE 0W-20

-20°C-20°C TDTO SAE 10W 33
1000 Main reducer assembly
-10°C～40°C TDTO SAE 30

10°C-50°C TDTO SAE 50

-40°C-10°C TDTO SAE 0W-20
-20°C-10°C TDTO SAE 10W 63*2
2000 Balance box
0°C～35°C TDTO SAE 30

10°C-50°C TDTO SAE 50

－25°C～40°C LHV46 anti-wear hydraulic oil

2000 60 Hydraulic Oil Tank
－40°C～25°C SAE 5W-40 HYDRAULIC OIL

Standard 2.5
2000 －20°C～40°C SAE 85W-90 Worm gear box
Sliding 7
The machine's worm gear box equipped with the optional sliding clutch worm box should be refilled with 7.2L.
The replacement transmission oil should not be lower than API CD.

B. Safety Items

Interval (h) User Instructions Item Description Demand Volume Where used
According to actual needs DOT 3 Synthetic Brake Fluid 2.5L Air pressure pump
According to actual needs Brake pads 8 pieces Rear Drive Axle
Note:
Home-made SEM rear drive axle does not need to adjust the chain tension.

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C. Engine Coolant
The SEM coolant is YF-2/YF-2A type. The recommended replacement interval is 5 years or 10,000 service
hours, whichever comes first.

Applicable Temperature Demand (L)

Model Change Interval
Range
YF-2 Above -35°C 65 5 years or 10000 hours
YF-2A Above -45°C 65 5 years or 10000 hours

D. Filter Elements

Interval (h) Item Description Quantity Where used

First 50 Oil filter element 1 Engine
First 100 Spin-on oil filter 1 Transmission
First 250 Return filter element 1 Hydraulic Oil Tank
Oil filter element 1 Engine
Fuel primary filter 1 Engine
250
Fuel secondary filter 2 Engine
Air filter element 1 Engine
1000 Return filter element 1 Hydraulic Tank
1000 Spin-On oil filter 1 Transmission
2000 Oil filter breather 1 Hydraulic Tank
2000 Oil filter breather 1 Diesel tank

NOTE: For all filters, if the filter alarm sounds, replace the element immediately.
2. Maintenance List Within 2000 Working Hours (One Year)

Demand Volume
Replacement time:
Item Description Filter Element Where used
(h) Oil Type (L)
(piece)
Diesel engine oil 16.5 Engine
50
Oil filter element 1 Engine
Transmission oil 18 Transmission
100
Oil Filter 1 Transmission
Return screens 1 Hydraulic oil tank

Main reducer assembly oil 33 Main reducer assembly

Oils 16.5 Engine

250
Oil filter element
Air filter element
Diesel secondary element
Diesel primary element
Diesel engine oil
500 Oil filter element
Air filter element
1 Engine
1 Engine
2 Engine
1 Engine
16.5 Engine
1 Engine
1 Engine

84
 Demand Volume
Replacement time:
Item Description Filter Element Where used
(h) Oil Type (L)
(piece)
Diesel secondary element 2 Engine
Diesel primary element 1 Engine
Diesel engine oil 16.5 Engine
Oil filter element 1 Engine
750 Air filter element 1 Engine
Diesel secondary element 2 Engine
Diesel primary element 1 Engine
Transmission oil 18 Transmission

Main reducer assembly oil 33 Main reducer assembly

Drain Element 1 Oil tank

Oil Filter 1 Transmission
1000
Diesel engine oil 16.5 Engine
Oil filter element 1 Engine
Air filter element 1 Engine
Diesel secondary element 2 Engine
Diesel primary element 1 Engine
Diesel engine oil 16.5 Engine
Oil filter element 1 Engine
1250 Air filter element 1 Engine
Diesel secondary element 2 Engine
Diesel primary element 1 Engine
Diesel engine oil 16.5 Engine
Oil filter element 1 Engine
1500 Air filter element 1 Engine
Diesel secondary element 2 Engine
Diesel primary element 1 Engine
Diesel engine oil 16.5 Engine
Oil filter element 1 Engine
1750 Air filter element 1 Engine
Diesel secondary element 2 Engine
Diesel primary element 1 Engine
hydraulic oil 60 Oil tank
Oil filler filter 1 oil tank
Oil filler filter 1 Diesel tank
Transmission oil 18 Transmission
2000

Gear Oil 63*2 Balance box

Main reducer assembly oil Main reducer assembly

33

85
 Demand Volume
Replacement time:
Item Description Filter Element Where used
(h) Oil Type (L)
(piece)

Oil tank return filter 1 Oil tank

Oil Filter 1 Transmission
Diesel engine oil 16.5 Engine
Oil filter element 1 Engine
Air filter element 1 Engine
Diesel secondary element 2 Engine
Diesel primary element 1 Engine

86