師

大
國立台灣師範大學數學系
Department of Mathematics, National Taiwan Normal University

Theorems 1.6 & 1.8

Theorem 1.6
The following statements about an m × n matrix A are equivalent:

(a) Span {a1 , . . . , an } = Rm .

(b) The equation Ax = b has at least one solution (that is, Ax = b is

consistent) for each b in Rm .

(c) The rank of A is m, the number of rows of A.

(d) The reduced row echelon form of A has no zero rows.

(e) There is a pivot position in each row of A.

Theorem 1.8
The following statements about an m × n matrix A are equivalent:

(a) The set {a1 , . . . , an } linearly independent.

(b) The equation Ax = b has at most one solution for each b in Rm .

(c) The nullity of A is zero.

(d) The rank of A is n, the number of columns of A.

(e) The columns of the reduced row echelon form of A are distinct stan-
dard vectors in Rm .

(f) The only solution of Ax = 0 is 0.

(g) There is a pivot position in each column of A.

Remark
請留意 m = n 時候的結論。