FORENSIC

TOXICOLOGY

Mrs. Cyra Eunice R. Tanael

FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY

Forensic toxicology refers to the use of

toxicology for the purposes of law.

The science that deals with medical and

legal aspects of the harmful effects of
the chemicals on the human body.
RA. 9165- COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUG
ACT 2002
 TYPES OF DRUGS
DEPRESSANT Alcohol, barbiturates, Benzodiazepines, Inhalants
S
HALLUCINOGE Marijuana, Hashish, LSD, PCP, PEYOTE, Psilocybin
NS
Caffeine, Nicotine, Adderall and Ritalin, Amphetamines
STIMULANTS and methamphetamines, cocaine and crack

Heroin, Morphine, Codeine, Hydrocodone, Oxycodone,

OPIOIDS Methadone, Opium

STEROIDS Anabolic steroids

CLUB DRUGS MDA, GHB, ROHYPNOL

ANTI-DEPRESSAN SNRI, SSSRI, MAOI, TCA

TS
DRUG SCHEDULE CLASSIFICATION
0 DEPRESSAN
TS
1
Alcohol, barbiturates, Benzodiazepines, Inhalants
DEPRESSANTS
Depressant substances reduce arousal
and stimulation.
They affect the central nervous system,
slowing down the messages between
the brain and body.
They can affect concentration and
coordination and slow down a person’s
ability to respond to unexpected
situations.
 EFFECTS OF DEPRESSANTS
AT LOW DOSAGE
● reduced inhibitions
● enhanced mood
● reduced anxiety and stress
● slowed reaction time
● impaired judgement
● slowed breathing
● increased risk of accident or
injury
HIGHER DOSAGE
● impaired judgement and coordination
● vomiting
● irregular or shallow breathing
● blackouts and memory loss
● awake but not responsive
● unconsciousness
● coma
● death.
 ALCOHOL
• Spirytus Rektyfikowany is the world’s
most alcoholic spirit with an astonishing
96% ABV
• Ethyl alcohol or ethanol
 BLOOD ALCOHOL CONTENT (BAC)
(GRAMS OF ALCOHOL PER 100ml OF BLOOD)
BARBITURATES and BENZODIAZEPINES
Barbiturates are drugs that slows
down the messages travelling
between the brain and the body
Known as nervous system
depressants.
Barbiturates were used in the
treatment of anxiety, epilepsy, to
induce sleep, and as anesthetics
Benzodiazepines are much safer,
although still potentially addictive than
barbiturates.
Street name: Benzos, tranx, sleepers,
downers, pills, xannies, serras
(Serepax®), moggies (Mogadon®),
normies (Normison®)
Pharma name: Valium, Xanax,
ducene, alprax
 INHALANTS
Inhalants are common household,
industrial and medical products that
produce vapors, which some people
inhale (breathe in) to make them feel
intoxicated or high.
Ex. Paint Removers, cleaning Products,
Rugby, Aerosols, Paints, Nitrous Oxide,
glues, Nail polish remover, etc.
Inhalant abusers may show such signs as:
✔ Chemical odors on the breath or
clothes.
✔ Paint or other stains on hands, fingers
or clothes.
✔ Changes in behavior including apathy
(lack of interest).
✔ Significant decrease in appetite and
weight loss.
✔ Sudden change in friends and hobbies.
✔ Rapid decline in school performance.
✔ Poor hygiene and grooming habits.
✔ Slurred speech.
✔ Runny nose or nosebleeds
 0 HALLUCINOGE
NS
2
Marijuana, Hashish, LSD, PCP, PEYOTE, Psilocybin
 HALLUCINOGENS

Hallucinogens are a class of drugs that alter

an individual's perception, mood, and
cognitive processes, often leading to
hallucinations, distortions of reality, and
changes in thought patterns.
These substances can cause profound
changes in sensory perception, including
visual, auditory, and tactile sensations.
Hallucinogens are sometimes referred to as
psychedelics, and they can be naturally
occurring or synthetically produced.
 HALLUCINOGENS

PEYOTE
• Peyote is a small, spineless cactus.
• The active ingredient in peyote is
the hallucinogen mescaline.
PSILOCYBIN
• Psilocybin or magic mushrooms are naturally occurring and
are consumed for their hallucinogenic effects.
• The key ingredient in magic mushrooms is psilocybin.
When psilocybin is taken, it’s converted in the body to
psilocin, which is the chemical with the psychoactive
properties.
 HALLUCINOGENS
LSD
• LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is a
hallucinogenic drug.
• Hallucinogens change the way people sense
the world around them.
• LSD is odorless, colorless, and tasteless. It
can be painted onto small squares of paper
that people lick or swallow.
Phencyclidine
(PCP)
• Phencyclidine (PCP) is a mind-altering drug that may lead
to hallucinations (a profound distortion in a person’s
perception of reality). It is considered a dissociative drug,
leading to a distortion of sights, colors, sounds, self, and
one's environment. Angel dust.
• PCP is available in a variety of tablets, capsules, and
colored powders, which are either smoked, taken orally or
by the intranasal route ("snorted").
 MARIJUANA
Marijuana also called weed, herb, pot, grass, bud, ganja, Mary Jane, and a vast number of other
slang terms—is a greenish-gray mixture of the dried flowers of Cannabis sativa.

Some people smoke marijuana in hand-rolled cigarettes called joints; in pipes, water pipes
(sometimes called bongs), or in blunts (marijuana rolled in cigar wraps).

Stronger forms of marijuana include sinsemilla (from specially tended female plants) and
concentrated resins containing high doses of marijuana’s active ingredients, including
honeylike hash oil, waxy budder, and hard amberlike shatter.

The main psychoactive(mind-altering) chemical in marijuana, responsible for most of the

intoxicating effects that people seek, is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The chemical is found
in resin produced by the leaves and buds primarily of the female cannabis plant.

The plant also contains more than 500 other chemicals, including more than 100 compounds that
are chemically related to THC, called cannabinoids.
THC VS. CBD
HASHIS
WEED
H ● Hashish is a concentrated
form of the cannabis plant, ● Marijuana comes from the dried
which means there is a high leaves, seeds, stems, and flowers of
or potent cannabinoid the cannabis plant.
concentration. ● The color is different from hash
● Hashish is derived from the since it’s usually a shade of green.
“kief” or the dried resin of the “Mary Jane,” or marijuana, is used
flowers from the cannabis for many purposes such as medical
plant. treatment, baking to create edibles,
● Cannabis sativa and it’s put in teas.
● The powdery resin is
collected by hand, by
mechanics, or through icy
water submersion.
PRESUMPTIVE TEST
 0 STIMULANT
S
3
Caffeine, Nicotine, Adderall and Ritalin, Amphetamines and
methamphetamines, cocaine and crack
STIMULANTS
Stimulants are a class of drugs that
speed up messages travelling between
the brain and body.
They can make a person feel more
awake, alert, confident or energetic.
Other names: Uppers, beans, pep pills,
speed, dexies, smart pills
 EFFECTS OF STIMULANTS

AT LOW DOSAGE HIGHER DOSAGE

● anxiety
● euphoria ● tension
● heightened feelings of ● increased body temperature
wellbeing ● nausea
● increased heart rate and blood ● tremor
pressure ● seizures
● increased alertness ● coma
● talkativeness ● death
● reduced appetite.
 CAFFEINE

• Caffeine is a stimulant drug,

which means it speeds up the
messages travelling between the
brain and the body.
• Up to 400 milligrams (mg) of
caffeine a day appears to be safe
for most healthy adults
EFFECTS OF CAFFEINE
COCAINE

• Cocaine comes from the leaves of the coca

bush (Erythroxylum coca), native to South
America.
• Cocaine hydrochloride: a fine white powder
with a bitter, numbing taste. Cocaine
hydrochloride is often mixed, or ‘cut’, with
other substances such as lidocaine, talcum
powder or sugar to dilute it before being sold.
• Freebase: a white powder that is purer than
cocaine hydrochloride.
• Crack: crystals ranging from white or cream
to transparent with a pink or yellow hue. It
may contain impurities.
COCAINE

• Restlessness, irritability, anxiety, paranoia,

dilated pupils, insomnia, loss of appetite.
Irregular heartbeat, ischemic heart conditions,
sudden cardiac arrest, convulsions, strokes,
and death.
• Tolerance builds quickly, easy to overdose.
Long-term use of inhaled cocaine has led to a
unique respiratory syndrome, and chronic
snorting of cocaine has led to the erosion of
the upper nasal cavity.
• The crash that follows a high is mental and
physical exhaustion, sleep, and depression
lasting several days. Following the crash, users
crave cocaine again.

COCAINE ID
SWIPES
Simply wipe the suspected
surface with Cocaine ID
Swipes and if cocaine is
present, the swipe will turn
blue
PRESUMPTIVE TEST
Scott Reagent modified
(Cocaine Salts/ Base)
Positive: turns pink or pink
with blue components
Cobalt-Thiocyanate
Reagent (Cocaine
Freebase/Crack)
Cocaine HCl will develop a Blue solution in the
1st ampoule as well as a sticky Blue residue
adhering to the inside of the tube. The 2nd
ampoule will remain Blue. No base caines
(procaine;dibucaine;tetracine) will develop the
sticky blue residue in the 1st ampoule.
Cocaine Base will not dissolve in the 1st ampoule
and will develop a Pink solution with Blue
adhering to the particles of Cocaine Base
introduced to the tube.
 AMPETHAMINE VS.
METHAMPETHAMINE
AMPETHAMINE
• Amphetamines are synthetic drugs
that stimulate activity in the central
nervous system through
neurotransmitters like dopamine
and norepinephrine.
• primarily prescribed for patients
with ADHD
• non-medical uses, such as weight
loss or to stay awake longer.
• “study drugs”
METHAMPETHAMINE
• Methamphetamine may be more commonly
known by street names like meth, crank, ice,
and shabu.
• Consumed by injection, snorting or smoking,
• This illicit synthetic stimulant is composed of
amphetamine mixed with a variety of
household substances.
• Upon initial use, the individual can experience
a powerful rush, including a burst of energy
and confidence.
METHAMPETHAMINES
PRESUMTIVE TEST (METH)

• Dark Blue color as a positive reaction

after breakage and agitation of the 3rd
ampoule.

• If the color development is an immediate Pink

slowly transforming to Lavender, you DO NOT
have either Methamphetamine or MDMA. This
color reaction suggests you should proceed to
Marquis Reagent for either Amphetamines or
analogs of MDMA
 ADDERALL AND
RITALIN
• Adderall is the brand name for a mix of
two stimulants
called amphetamine-dextroamphetamin
e.
• Ritalin is the brand name for a stimulant
called methylphenidate.
• Most people who take this medication
for attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD) used it to affect how
well you concentrate.
0 OPIOIDS
3
Heroin, Morphine, Codeine, Hydrocodone, Oxycodone, Methadone
 OPIOIDS
• Opioids are a broad group of
pain-relieving medicines that work with
your brain cells. Opioids can be made
from the poppy plant
• Opioid medicines travel through the
blood and attach to opioid receptors in
brain cells. This blocks pain messages
and can boost feelings of pleasure.
 HEROIN
• Heroin is a highly addictive drug and
it is a rapidly acting opioid.
• An opiate (narcotic) drug processed
from morphine and extracted from
certain poppy plants.
• Heroin comes in a white or brownish
powder, or a black sticky substance
known as “black tar heroin.” Often
“cut” with other drugs or substances
such as sugar or powdered milk. User
is unaware how much actual heroin is
being used, creating likelihood of
overdose.
PRESUMTIVE TEST
 DEPRESSANTS

THE PATIENT DIAGNOSIS

01 You can describe here the
topic of the section
03 You can describe here the
topic of the section

DISCUSSION TREATMENT
02 You can describe here the
topic of the section
04 You can describe here the
topic of the section
 CONTENTS OF THIS TEMPLATE
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 THE
01 PATIENT
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
INTRODUCTION
You can give a brief description of the
topic you want to talk about here. For
example, if you want to talk about
Mercury, you can say that it’s the smallest
planet in the entire Solar System
 IDENTIFYING INFORMATION
JUPITER
Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest
planet. It's the fourth-brightest object in
the night sky. It was named after the
Roman god of the skies and lightning
SATURN
Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings.
It's composed mostly of hydrogen and
helium. It was named after the Roman god
of wealth and agriculture
 REVIEW OF SYSTEMS

MERCURY VENUS EARTH

It’s the closest planet to the Venus has a beautiful name Earth is the third planet from
Sun and the smallest one in and is the second planet the Sun and the only one
the Solar System from the Sun that harbors life
 PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
MERCURY NEPTUNE
It’s the closest planet to the Neptune is the farthest
Sun and the smallest one planet from the Sun

VENUS JUPITER
Venus has a beautiful name, Jupiter is the biggest planet
but also high temperatures in the Solar System

EARTH MARS
Earth is the third planet from Despite being red, Mars is
the Sun actually a cold place
A PICTURE IS
WORTH A
THOUSAND
WORDS
 FINDINGS
TREND MOST ABUSED DRUGS

24%

36%

58%

90%

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
 DISCUSSION

JOHN DOE MARK BONES

“Mercury was named after “Neptune is the
the Roman god of the skies fourth-largest planet in the
and lightning” Solar System”

JENNA DOE ALEX SMITH

“Venus has a beautiful name “Saturn has several rings.
and is the second planet It's composed mostly of
from the Sun” hydrogen and helium”
 DISCUSSION
SUMMARY

Venus has a nice name and is the

second planet from the Sun. It’s
terribly hot, even hotter than
Mercury, and its atmosphere is
extremely poisonous
 COMPARISON

MERCU
JUPITER VENUS SATURN MARS
RY
 DIAGNOSIS

01 02 03
MERCURY VENUS EARTH
Mercury is the closest Venus is the second Earth is the third
planet to the Sun planet from the Sun planet from the Sun

04 05 06
MARS SATURN NEPTUNE
Despite being red, Saturn is a gas giant Neptune is far away
Mars is a cold place and has several rings from Earth
AWESOM
E WORDS
TREATMENT

Venus has a beautiful name and is

the second planet from the Sun. It’s
terribly hot, even hotter than
Mercury, and its atmosphere is
extremely poisonous
It’s also the second-brightest natural
object in the night sky!
 PATIENT MONITORING

WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3

MERCURY VENUS MARS
Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful Despite being red, Mars
planet to the Sun and the name and is the second is actually a cold place.
smallest one planet from the Sun It's full of iron oxide dust

5/7 3/7 4/7

CONTRAINDICATIONS & INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS
● You can describe here a reason
to stop the treatment
● You can describe here a reason
to stop the treatment
● You can describe here a reason
to stop the treatment
INDICATIONS
● You can describe here a reason
to start the treatment
● You can describe here a reason
to start the treatment
● You can describe here a reason
to start the treatment
 POST-PREVENTION
VENUS JUPITER
Venus has a nice Jupiter is a gas
80% name and is the 60% giant and the
second planet from biggest planet in
the Sun the Solar System

MERCURY MARS
Mercury is the It's full of iron
40% closest planet to 20% oxide dust, which
the Sun and the gives the planet its
smallest one reddish cast
REFERENCES
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication.
Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication.
Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication.
Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication.
Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication.
Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication.
Publisher
 CASE TIMELINE

DAY 01 DAY 03

Mercury is the closest DAY 02 Earth is the third DAY 04

planet to the Sun and planet from the Sun
the smallest one in the Venus has a beautiful and the only one that Jupiter is a huge gas
Solar System name and is the harbors life giant and the biggest
second planet from the planet in the entire
Sun Solar System
CONCLUSIONS
Venus has a beautiful name and is the
second planet from the Sun. It’s terribly
hot, even hotter than Mercury, and its
atmosphere is extremely poisonous
OUR INTERNATIONAL TEAM

TIMMY JIMMY
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person here
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PATTERSON
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PHOTOS ● Top view hand holding pills glass water

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● High angle doctor holding rainbow
colored pills foil
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