1.

ELF is may be defined as a contact language, used when speakers do not share a first
language. Does such a contact situation include native speakers?
2. What does accommodation mean and how does it work in ELF interactions?
3. Mauranen et al. (2015) describe ELF “as a complex site of language contact”. What does this
complexity consist of?
4. What are the main differences between ELF corpora, learner corpora and World Englishes
corpora?
5. Briefly explain what the notion ‘conceptual gap’ means in relation to ELF. How can the
‘difference approach’ to Global English be contrasted from the ‘deficit approach’?
6. What are the main similarities and differences between the paradigms of ELF and WE?
7. What are the main features of ELF communication? Provide some examples to illustrate your
point.
8. ELF researchers claim that ‘bilingual creativity’ is a major driver of so-called ELF processes.
Do you agree with that?
9. Why does the NES vs NNES distinction not apply to ELF?
10. There is an often-articulated claim that nativeness is best replaced by ‘expertise’. What are the
main arguments in support of this claim? Do you agree with them? Why (not)?
11. What is ELF-informed teaching?
12. On a scale of 7, how would rate the features identified in ELF used in academic settings in
terms of their acceptability? (see ‘Activity in C6, p. 160). After taking part in the study on
‘Particify’ (see QR code or here) discuss if your decision depends on whether these items are
spoken or written. Would you consider these items as errors?

Dr Christine S. Sing: English as a Global Language 3