TUGAS INDIVIDU

REVIEW JURNAL CHAPTER -15

Dosen: Hafiza Adlina,S.A.B.,M.A.B.

Disusun Oleh:

Timothy W.S. Dasuha

210907080

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU ADMINISTRASI BISNIS

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN

2022
“EUROPEAN ONLINE JOURNAL OF NATURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 2013”

Title Management information system, challenges and solutions

15 Managing Global Systems

Chapter 15-3 the challenges posed by global information systems and management
solutions for these challenges
Volume and Pages Vol 2 Pages 374-381

Year 2013

Writer Mehdi Babaei, Banab branch, Islamic Azad University, Banab, Iran.

Reviewer Timothy W.S. Dasuha

Date 27 Oktober 2022

Today, increasing the growth of IT and its considerable effect on increasing

productivity of public and private organizations at the world and global
movement to using different types of information systems namely
Management Information System (MIS) caused that Iran also moves toward
this trend. This trend was encountered with successes, failures and
challenges. The review of the problems of design process, establishment,
operation and development of management information systems in a country
can be of great importance in the decision making of the public and private
sector organizations. The wise application of new IT namely MIS in Iran can
Abstract– Purpose pave the way for the development and increases its efficiency and
effectiveness.The present study explained the position, aim, role, definition,
concept, dimensions, benefits and classification of management information
systems and reviewed the problems and barriers of the organizations. Finally,
some solutions and propositions were presented to cope with the challengesof
management information systems.
Research subject The present study explained the position, aim, role, definition, concept,
dimensions,
benefits and classification of management information systems and reviewed
theproblems and barriers of the organizations.

“MIS” is the formal methods of providing exact and timely information to

facilitatethe decision making process of the managers during the planning,
control and taking effective and optimum decisions of the organization
(Momeni, 1993).

The management information system is an integrated, computerized and

Research methods machine user system providing the required information to support the
operation anddecision making. The main elements of this system are:
1- An integrated system to give service to many users,
2- The computer system linking some of information software via a database.
3- User-machine interface responding to the temporary and immediate
searches.
4- Presenting the information to all management level,
5- Supporting the operation and decision making(Awad, 1988).

The review of the problems of design process, establishment, operation and

development of management information systems in a country can be of great
Research result
importance in the decision making of the public and private sector
organizations.

The wise application of new IT namely MIS in Iran can pave the way for the
development and increases its efficiency and effectiveness.
 The development of information systems causes that the bureaucratic nature of
administrative management is reduced . Some of the theorists believe that by
IT decision, the democracy basics in administrative management are weakened
Conclusion because IT nature is mostly technocratic rather than democratic.

Some people believe that by IT, the democratic values as pluralism, freedom
of speech, etc are improved. In communication world, direct control was
replaced with indirect tools as standardization and education. Information is
the basis of power and exclusion of power has negative outcomes in
longterm and damages the society and makes problem for all the government
(Zahedi, 2001).

MIS in Iran namely in public organizations is applied rarely in Iran and it was
mostly used after the Islamic Revolution of Iran and 70s, 80s. This is for the
reason that the experience of using MIS in the organizations namely Iran
organizations and namely the public organizations was not a successful
experience and the reasons were mentioned before.

To eliminate these problems, it is presented to the managers (namely the

managers of administrative organizations), designers and directors to be
considered by the executive managers of Iran in public or private sector
(GhazizadeFard,1 996).

Finally, Management Information systems play the crucial role of providing

a wide range of streamlined options from which decision-makers are able to
make their preferred choices Vittal & Shivraj(2008). Vitally, this ensures
that whatever choices are made

by decision makers, the outcome, more often than not, becomes positive.
This, as a matter of fact, is the reason why many decision makers tend to
prefer using MIS tools when making tough business choices. And as
renowned concept, having good decision choices guarantees viable
decisions in our businesses.Vittal&Shivraj (2008), Jawadekar (2006).

There would be some suggestions and recommendation as follows:

1- The designing and determining a suitable policy to develop MIS in
Iran namely public organizations. To do this, the organizations in Iran (e.g.
management and planning organization, communication information
technology ministry, and Informatics high council in Iran) should take the
required measurements.
2- The public organizations generally and management and planning
organization specifically defined more study plans to identify the existing
barriers in these organizations to use MIS better and get help from the
 academic centers to execute them and define some projects in the form of
their thesis for MA and PhD students.
3- The development of the culture of using computer and information
systems is necessary in Iran namely in public organizations. Thus, the
managers of these organizations should apply the required solutions to hold
good training courses and participation of the managers and employees of the
organization in these periods and other short-term courses or academic year
in the educational institutions and universities.
4- Holding the suitable conferences at national and international level to
develop the information system culture in Iran.
5- The formation of the information services institutions in all the
important administrative organizations and determining the institutions as
the supporters (MIS) ofthe organizations.
6- As the managers have important role in MIS in the organizations
compared to the designers and directors. The change of their attitude to
computer, information systems namely MIS is recommended.
To do this, the public organizations managers and
government by predicting required solutions should create the
attitude change within a short time among the managers.

7- During the design, establishment and application process (MIS) in the

organization, the managers should consider the behavioral aspects of the
employees of the organization namely system directors and participate them
in system creation process.
8- As the foundation of MIS is based on active computer and
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) in the organization, before or at
the same time with the design and application of MIS, TPS should be
used in various organization sectors.
9- Providing a comprehensive plan is necessary for using
information systems in the organizations before using MIS.
10- Absorbing the efficient and skillful employees and creating suitable
motivations for the stability of the existing employees.
11- The consideration of the government to the private consulting
companies (or public consulting companies) and not using their employees
in design and establishment of information systems to reduce privatization
policy and elimination of the problems
of the companies.

Forming MIS council or MIS directing committee from the initial stages of MIS
project in the organization.
 As having unnecessary information leads into the immersing of the
manager in information and his confusion and continuance of the activities
of some of the activities disturbs the organization. Incomplete information
disturbs the planning, control and decision making and makes it ineffective
as scientifically and practically. The current management in encountering
Summary the complexities of the decisions found that the manual irrelevant systems
based on the importance givento the above information cannot provide the
required data and present them at appropriate time. Most of the managers
are faced with data or a lot of informationexperiences without any effect for
them in decision making, planning, organizingand correct control in the
organization
 Review 2

Title Issues of international information systems management: a perspective of affiliates

Journals Journals International information systems; Information system issues; Global

information systems management
15
Chapter 15-4 The issues and technical alternatives to be considered when
developing international information
Volume and Pages Vol.- pages. 253-264

Year 2001
Writer Vincent S. Lai

Reviewer Timothy W.S. Dasuha

Date 12 Desember 2022
As business competition becomes global, international information systems (IIS)
management presents a signficant challenge to multinational corporations and their
affiliates. However, very few empirical studies have been conducted to investigate
the management of IIS and the issues that confront the IS executives of such
corporations. In this study, we perform a three-round Delphi study to identify, rank
and evaluate the twenty most significant IIS issues of affiliates. The ratings of
Abstract– Purpose these issues suggest that technology infrastructure concerns, rather than planning
and management concerns, have a larger impact on the IS operations of foreign
affiliates. This study also reports on statistical analyses to differentiate the impact
of different industries, respondents, IS structures and international involvement of
affiliates on IIS issues ratings. The results indicate that respondents of IS and non-
IS executives and affiliates of different international involvement levels have
different views on the ratings of IIS issues. Our study also confirms that IIS issues
can significantly impact the strategic, tactical and operational IS decisions of
affiliates. These findings allow some important implications to be drawn for both
practitioners and researchers dealing with IIS issues.

Research subject Two MIS Directors and one VP of Information Resources who were all
experienced in IIS management and operations
A three-round Delphi study was conducted to prioritize the importance of IIS issues
confronting foreign affiliates operating in Hong Kong. Prior to this Delphi
study, a questionnaire about initial IIS issues was derived from earlier studies but
undertaken withtwo important considerations based on the guidelines
Research methods of Malhotra et all. [11]. First, all the chosen issues were required to be comparable
with each other: the level of aggregation, management level of decisions and time
frame of decision for each issue had to be similar so that relative comparisons of
importance was meaningful. Second, the initial list of issues also needed to
correspond to academic topics.To ensure the validity of the initial list and
questionnaire, two MIS Directors and one VP of Information Resources who were
all experienced in IIS management and operations, were interviewed to
 determine their views on the design and validity of the initial letter, instructions and
questionnaires.
Based on their input, some questions and instructions were reworded to make them
easier to understand. Also, two issues were added and one removed as a result of
this pilot testing process
4.1. Demographic data There were 131 participants out of 146, responded to at least
Research result one-round of our three-round Delphi study, yielding a participation rate of 89.7%.
Of all 146 questionnaires mailed in each-round, 112 useable responses were
received in round-one, 107 in round-two and 124 in round-three.
4.2. Top 10 IIS issues Table 3 shows the 20 most critical IIS problems that IS
executives of foreign affiliates expect to face in their IIS management and
operations. Examination of their ratings shows that standard deviations of all issues
consistently decreased over the three-rounds, suggesting an improvement in the
consensus level among our respondents. The mean ratings of top-rank issues
increased round by round while those of lowerrank issues showed a gradual
decrement. These general movements of top and bottom issue ratings over the
three-rounds are of course normal in Delphi studies but they suggest a
differentiation of the relative importance of specific issues confronting foreign
affiliates.

This study represents a step in capturing data from affiliates that have exposure and
experience in IIS management. This paper represents an attempt to identify, rank
and evaluate the IIS issues for IS professionals practicing in affiliates. Our
empirical findings indicate that IIS issues can significantly impact IS decisions at
Conclusion the strategic, tactical and operational levels, suggesting the importance of the
international dimension of the affiliate's IS operations. Unfortunately, most of the
existing IS planning theories have seldom considered these IIS issues. Several of
the top IIS issues ranked by affliates are identical to the top IS issues encountered
by the major MNC office. The country-speci®c concerns have received very low
ratings, indicating the lack of importance of these issues in the affiliate's IS
operations. This finding is contradictory to many studies performed in the
management, IS and other business disciplines. The possible explanation is that
Hong Kong is an international city following an open economy policy that is very
similar to the economy structure of the US. Moreover, Hong Kong as a former
British colony, is in¯uenced by both oriental and western cultures. This cultural
advantage plus the advanced information and technology infrastructures of the city,
has allowed Hong Kong to develop into a perfect location to orchestrate the MNCs'
international business activities in the AsiaPaci®c region. When the economy,
culture and infrastructure environment are compatible with the affiliate's home
country, the country-speci®c IIS issues will become less significant and require
less attention. Not all affiliates, however can operate in countries like Hong Kong.
Some affiliates have to conduct their businesses in developing or underdeveloped
countries where they have to confront not only country-specific problems but also
technology-oriented issues. The IS issues studies in the 1980s showed that
technological issues were of less concern than managerial issues. These studies also
indicated that this trend would continue, especially when the organizations became
 more internationally involved. However, recent issues studies have indicated that
this trend did not continue. The literature of international organizational structures
reveals that MNCs and affiliates have adjusted their IS structures to deal with
different IIS issues. In the IIS context, centralized structure affords greater
efficiency and standardized controls as well as organizational integration,
decentralized structure provides local decision makers with greater control and
responsiveness to local business decisions, while distributed structure offers greater
exibility and encourages cooperation between affiliates of different

The literature of international organizational structures reveals that MNCs and

affiliates have adjusted their IS structures to deal with different IIS issues. In the IIS
context, centralized structure affords greater efficiency and standardized controls as
well as organizational integration, decentralized structure provides local decision
Summary makers with greater control and responsiveness to local business decisions, while
distributed structure offers greater exibility and encourages cooperation between
affiliates of different countries. However, this study does not ®nd any signi®cant
relationship between IIS issues and the affiliates' IS structures.
 Review 3
Title ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR DOMINAN MANAJEMEN RISIKO
TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PROYEK TAHAP KONSTRUKSI
Journals Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan Universitas Nusa Putra (J-TESLINK)

Volume and Pages Vol. 1 (3) and pages. 1-11

Year September 2020

Writer Rinto Sugiharto

Reviewer Timothy W.S. Dasuha

Date 30 November 2022

Dalam setiap aktivitas proyek tentu mengandung unsur risiko, semakin

komplek sebuah proyek semakin besar risiko yang akan terjadi. Kurangnya
perhatian terhadap manajemen risiko dapat mengakibatkan terganggunya
proses komersial proyek. Risiko-risiko yang terjadi akan sangat berhubungan
erat dengan penambahan biaya proyek, sehingga jika pengelolaan risiko tidak
tepat maka akan mengakibatkan penambahan biaya proyek. Pada akhirnya
akan mengurangi laba hingga kerugian proyek. Untuk itu diperlukan
perencanaan dan respon yang tepat di awal perencanaan proyek. Penelitian ini
bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor risiko dominan dalam
Abstract– Purpose pelaksanaan manajemen risiko tahap konstruksi, dan menganalisis serta
mendapatkan faktor-faktor risiko dominan manajemen risiko terhadap kinerja
keuangan proyek tahap konstruksi. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan
mengunakan kuisioner dan telaah dokumen hasil penelitian sebelumnya.
Kuesioner disebarkan kepada responden Manager proyek pada proyek-proyek
Gedung sebanyak 40 responden. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode
kuantitatif dan deskriptif. Dari hasil pengolahan dengan menggunakan metode
Indeks Mean Risk Relative Importance (RRI). Analisa dilakukan dengan
perangkat lunak SPSS. Didapatkan faktor-faktor risiko dominan pencapaian
laba dengan persentase 5%-10% diantaranya adalah kesalahan estimasi harga
dasar, sistem pengendalian biaya yang lemah, pembengkakan harga material
dan peralatan, pembayaran berlangsung dalam waktu lama (collection
periods) dan produktivitas tidak sesuai schedule pekerjaan. Respon terhadap
pengelolaan risiko tersebut adalah dengan menghindari dan memitigasi risiko.
Perencanaan risiko wajib dilakukan sebelum memulai proyek dengan tujuan
akhir agar kinerja keuangan dapat berjalan baik dan pencapaian laba dapat
sesuai target.
 Teknik pengumpulan data dengan mengunakan kuisioner dan telaah dokumen
hasil penelitian sebelumnya. Kuesioner disebarkan kepada responden
Research subject Manager proyek pada proyek-proyek Gedung sebanyak 40 responden.
Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dan deskriptif. Dari hasil
pengolahan dengan menggunakan metode Indeks Mean Risk Relative
Importance (RRI). Analisa dilakukan dengan perangkat lunak SPSS.
Untuk mendapatkan hasil penelitian yang akurat maka diperlukan suatu metode yang
tepat dan pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif.
Pertimbangan menggunakan meode ini karena terdapat unsur-unsur yang jelas dalam
penelitian, seperti faktotor-faktor atau variabel-variabel yang akan dicari pada
Research methods penelitian kali ini. Semua faktor-faktor atau variabel-variable penelitian merupakan
hasil dari proses kajian literatur baik jurnal atau buku. Langkah pertama penelitian,
peneliti akan menetapkan factor-faktor yang akan dipakai untuk mencapai tujuan
dan sasaran pada penelitian ini. Faktor-faktor atau variabel-variabel tadi menjadi
dasar digunakannya pendekatan penelitian. Menurut Creswell, 2002, perlu diketahui
penelitian dengan pendekatan kuantitatif adalah penelitian ilmiah yang sistematis
terhadap bagian-bagian dari fenomena serta melihat hubungan-hubungan yang terjadi
didalam penelitian tersebut. Penelitian kuatitatif menggunakan data yang bersifat
terukur dalam angka. Manfaat utama metode kuantitatif adalah digunakan untuk
menggenalisir data (generalizebility), kemudian dapat memprediksi data (prediction),
dan mendeskripsikan hubungan sebab akibat (causal explanation) suatu obyek
penelitian.
Hasil Pembahasan Index Mean RRI dilakukan terhadap terhadap data yang
didapat dari kuisioner terhadap responden, sebagai berikut :
1. Faktor-Faktor Risiko Dominan Manajemen Risiko Proyek Pada Tahap
Research result Konstruksi terhadap Konsekuensi Penambahan Biaya.
2. Faktor-Faktor Risiko Dominan Manajemen Risiko Proyek Pada Tahap
Konstruksi terhadap Konsekuensi Pencapaian Laba.
3. Respon terhadap Risiko Dominan Manajemen Risiko Proyek Pada Tahap
Konstruksi.
Berdasarkan analisis data yang telah dilaksanakan, maka didapatkan bahwa
faktor-faktor dominan manajemen risiko proyek pada tahap konstruksi yang
dapat mempengaruhi kinerja keuangan dan mengurangi pencapaian laba,
adalah :
Conclusion 1. Kesalahan estimasi harga dasar
2. Sistem pengendalian biaya yang lemah
3. Pembengkakan harga material dan peralatan
4. Pembayaran berlangsung dalam waktu lama (collection periods)
5. Produktivitas tidak sesuai schedule pekerjaan
Jika tidak dikelola dengan baik maka factor-faktor risiko tersebut dapat
mengurangi laba 5 sd 10% dari nilai rencana laba proyek. Perlu adanya respon
yang baik dan tepat untuk mengelola faktor-faktor risiko di atas pada masa
perencanaan proyek yaitu dengan cara menghindari dan memitigasi risiko
agar komersial proyek dapat tercapai.
 Dalam setiap aktivitas proyek tentu mengandung unsur risiko, semakin
komplek sebuah proyek semakin besar risiko yang akan terjadi. Kurangnya
perhatian terhadap manajemen risiko dapat mengakibatkan terganggunya
proses komersial proyek. Risiko-risiko yang terjadi akan sangat berhubungan
Summary erat dengan penambahan biaya proyek, sehingga jika pengelolaan risiko tidak
tepat maka akan mengakibatkan penambahan biaya proyek. Pada akhirnya
akan mengurangi laba hingga kerugian proyek. Untuk itu diperlukan
perencanaan dan respon yang tepat di awal perencanaan proyek.
 Review 4
Title Peranan Sistem Informasi Dalam Suatu Manajemen Proyek Berbasis
Web
Journals OSF Preprints from Center for Open Science

Volume and Pages Vol – dan pages 1-14

Year 26 May 2021

Writer Khairrun Nisa

Reviewer Timothy W.S. Dasuha

Date 30 November 2022

Manajemen proyek adalah penerapan manajemen pada suatu proyek untuk

manajemen pengelolaan, pengorganisasian, dan perencanaan dalam
mencapai tujuan proyek.
Manajemen proyek digunakan untuk menyelesaikan tepat waktu, menjaga
anggaran, melancarkan proyek, dan menjaga kualitas. Manajemen proyek
dapat juga digunakan untuk memperkirakan percepatan proyek (crashing).
Usaha besar dewan dapat meningkatkan waktu dan biaya. Untuk
mengurangi kemalangan proyek yang disebabkan oleh penundaan proyek.
Abstract– Purpose Maka dari itu sistem informasi dalam manajemen proyek sangat amat
dibutuhkan dikalangan perusahaan. Apalagi di era sekarang yang semua
nya sudah menggunakan kecanggihan teknologi. Untuk itu kita harus
pandai dalam memanage segala sesuatu yang bersangkutan dengan
teknologi.

Di Dalam peranan sistem informasi maanjemen dalam sebuah proyek. Dan

terdapat beberapa tahap yang dilalui seperti pengumpulan data, analisa
Research subject kebutuhan software, design, dan code generation.
 peranan sistem informasi maanjemen dalam sebuah proyek. Dan terdapat
beberapa tahap yang dilalui seperti pengumpulan data, analisa kebutuhan
software, design, code generation.
1. Pengumpulan informasi
Research methods Pengumpulan data umumnya dilakukan dengan menyebutkan fakta dan
pertemuan yang dapat diamati. Dimana setiap kelompok akan segera turun
ke lapangan untuk melihat bagaimana kerangka pameran dalam usaha
tersebut.
2. Pemeriksaan kebutuhan pemrograman
Siklus ini mengumpulkan persyaratan untuk kerangka data sebagai
informasi, interaksi yang terjadi dan hasil normal.
3. Rencana
a. Rencana Basis Data
Kumpulan data adalah bagian penting dari kerangka data karena berfungsi
sebagai pusat distribusi penyimpanan informasi untuk persiapan
tambahan.
Basis informasi penting karena mereka dapat memilah-milah informasi,
menjauhi duplikasi informasi, menjauhi koneksi tidak jelas antar informasi
dan pembaruan yang lebih kompleks.
Terdapat 6 periode perencanaan basis informasi, khususnya:
 Beraneka ragam informasi dan investigasi
 encana dasar informasi yang wajar
 Penentuan DBMS
 Rencana dasar informasi yang sah
 Rencana dasar informasi actual
 Eksekusi kerangka dasar
4. Code Age
Strategi pemrograman yang digunakan adalah metode pemrograman OOP
(Item located Programming) dan bahasa pemrograman yang digunakan
adalah PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor).
Saat ini, banyak organisasi yang di awasi proyeknya dengan bergantung
pada akun manual sebagaimana adanya. Informasi yang diberikan juga
masih belum pasti, masih banyak kesalahan yang terjadi. Hal ini
Research result dikarenakan informasi yang disiapkan masih menggunakan strategi
manual.

Saat ini, banyak organisasi yang di awasi proyeknya dengan bergantung

pada akun manual sebagaimana adanya. Informasi yang diberikan juga
masih belum pasti, masih banyak kesalahan yang terjadi. Hal ini
dikarenakan informasi yang disiapkan masih menggunakan strategi
Conclusion manual. Karena pembuatan informasi masih manual, maka pengukuran
penyelesaian informasi juga membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama.
Dalam pemerintahan sementara juga sebenarnya membutuhkan informasi
dengan cepat, agar pemerintahan dapat menentukan pilihan dengan cepat
dan bersifat kunci. Akibatnya, dewan sebenarnya membutuhkan bantuan
 dengan kerangka kerja dan aplikasi yang dapat memutar informasi proyek
yang dapat diterima. Dengan tujuan agar administrasi dapat menentukan
pilihan dengan cepat dan baik untuk dijalankan dalam organisasi.

Sistem informasi manajemen adalah perkembangan kerangka data yang

biasanya secara teratur digunakan untuk elemen atau organisasi hierarki
formal, dan seterusnya yang berbasis PC yang dilengkapi untuk
memindahkan informasi menjadi perkembangan data sesuai keinginan
Summary direktur dan memiliki telah biasa diselesaikan.Kerangka data eksekutif
atau sistem informasi manajemen juga dapat diuraikan sebagai data yang
digunakan oleh organisasi atau organisasi untuk menentukan pilihan.
Dengan kerangka data ini, dipercaya dapat bekerja dengan pameran
organisasi untuk menemukan isu-isu yang terjadi sebelumnya, sekarang
atau yang akan datang. Tugas para eksekutif adalah metode mengawasi,
mengkoordinasikan banyak aset dari awal usaha sejauh mungkin untuk
mencapai tujuan yang dibatasi oleh biaya, waktu dan kualitas untuk
mencapai suatu pemenuhan. Kerangka data dapat dibuat berdasarkan
pengaturan dan pengaturan sebelumnya.Tanpa strategi peningkatan
kerangka kerja oleh administrasi puncak, kemajuan kerangka kerja tidak
akan mendapat dukungan dari administrasi puncak. Selain berbagai tugas
inovasi data yang ada seperti penggunaan pemrograman,perbaikan
aplikasi, dll. Tahapan yang harus dilalui adalah: penyusunan,
pengujian,perencanaan, pengembangan, pelaksanaan, dan pasca eksekusi.
Dengan adanya tahapan yang difokuskan pada setiap tahapan ini akan
membuahkan hasil setiap kali dilakukan dalam organisasi.
Kerangka data dalam proyek eksekutif benar-benar harus dilakukan untuk
membuatnya lebih sederhana untuk menyelesaikan tugas. Harus benar-
benar dimanfaatkan untuk kebutuhan organisasi yang bergerak di bidang
penanganan informasi dan lain sebagainya. Dengan kerangka data ini
dapat membantu organisasi,persyaratan untuk perkantoran dan yayasan
sangat membingungkan dalam melaksanakan latihan proyek, dan penting
untuk bekerja dengan status kerangka kerja yang ideal, baik sejauh SDM,
perangkat keras dan perlengkapan seperti kerangka data yang memeluk
semua metode yang dibutuhkan oleh semua. pertemuan terkait. Sehingga
semua itu berjalan sesuai dengan yang direncanakan oleh metodologi, dan
dapat memperluas manfaat yang akan dicapai oleh organisasi. Tugas
kerangka data dewan akan menjadi perangkat yang sukses untuk
digunakan untuk melayani permintaan informasi tentang usaha, ini
kerangka kerja data eksekutif dapat digunakan bagi para eksekutif untuk
menentukan pilihan sesuai informasi sehingga akan mengurangi kesalahan
dalam perhitungan yang Terjadi karena akun manual, misalnya, yang
paling sering dialami oleh organisasi, proyek kerangka data dewan juga
dapat membantu klien dan pimpinan dalam melihat kemajuan tugas yang
berkelanjutan. Selanjutnya setiap upaya yang dilakukan oleh para insinyur
dalam membangun dan membuat inovasi yang kompleks dan
perkembangan yang berbeda tidak akan ada habisnya bila dimanfaatkan
oleh kebutuhan mereka.