RESEARCH PROJECT

On
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF SEASON ON CHANGING THE PRICES
OF VEGETABLES

SHRI SHARADA INSTITUTE OF INDIAN MANAGEMENT-

RESEARCH
PGDM (MBA)
VASANTKUNJ (NEW DELHI)
SESSION: 2023-25
(IST Trimester)

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

Mr. S.S. Budhwar Anshul Shah
(2023027004)

1|Page
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I extend my heartfelt gratitude to Mr. S.S. Budhwar Sir , my esteemed Excel teacher, for his
The Basics Of Ms Excel, Access, SQL (BAS) invaluable support and guidance throughout the
research journey on ‘Investigating The Effect Of Season On Change In The Price Of
Vegetables’

His expertise, dedication, and insightful feedback have been instrumental in shaping the
trajectory and quality of this study. His mentorship has not only enriched the academic
aspects of the research but has also provided a profound understanding of the nuances of
nonverbal communication in corporate leadership. I also thank my parents and friends for
their help and support in finalizing this project within the limited time frame.

Place: Vasant Kunj (New Delhi)

Name: Anshul Shah
Date:
Signature:

2|Page
 Table of Content
S.No. TOPIC PAGE No.

1 ABSTRACT 4

2 INTRODUCTION 5-7

3 DATA ANALYSES 8

4 EXPLANATION OF DATA 9

5 EXPLANATION OF DATA 10-18

VEGETABLE AND FRUITS WISE
6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 19

7 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 20

8 CONCLUSION 21
9 REFERENCE 22

3|Page
 Abstract

This study aims to better understand how seasonal influences influence vegetable price
fluctuations. Using a quantitative methodology, the study examines historical price data for a
variety of vegetables throughout seasons. The study tries to determine the impact of seasonal
fluctuations on vegetable pricing dynamics, taking into account variables such as supply,
demand, and agricultural techniques. By diving into these patterns, the study hopes to provide
useful insights into the variables that drive seasonal fluctuations in vegetable pricing. The
research has far-reaching ramifications for consumers, farmers, and governments, giving
critical information for decision-making.

The ultimate goal is to contribute to agricultural economics by improving our understanding

of seasonal influences on vegetable prices and offering techniques for managing and
mitigating price volatility in the vegetable market year-round.

4|Page
 INTRODUCTION

Vegetable price swings are intricately related to seasonal changes, resulting in a dynamic
interplay between supply, demand, and environmental factors. Seasonality has a significant
impact on vegetable prices, influencing everything from production and distribution to
consumer preferences. As the Earth passes through the seasons, the agricultural environment
changes, affecting the availability and quality of various crops. In this context, investigating
the effects of season on changes in vegetable pricing reveals a complex story including
farming methods, market dynamics, and the delicate balance between nature's rhythms and
human consumption patterns. This study digs into the various ways in which seasons
influence the ebb and flow of vegetable pricing, affecting growers, wholesalers, and
consumers alike.
Various factors can influence vegetable pricing, with seasonality being one of the most
crucial. Seasonal fluctuations affect vegetable production, supply, and demand, all of which
have an impact on prices. Here are some crucial points to consider about the effect of season
on changes in the price of vegetables.

Growing Seasons:
In agriculture, the term "growing season" refers to specific periods when environmental
conditions are ideal for cultivating specific crops. Different vegetables have different
preferences for temperature, sunlight, and rainfall, and their growth and development are
intimately related to these conditions. Warm-season veggies, such as tomatoes and
cucumbers, thrive in higher temperatures and require plenty of sunlight. These veggies are
usually planted in the spring or early summer, when the weather is warmer. Cool-season
crops include root vegetables such as carrots and potatoes. They like lower temperatures and
are typically planted in the fall or early spring when the weather is cooler.
The growing season coincides with the climatic conditions that best suit each crop's
individual requirements, resulting in optimal growth, development, and harvest.
Understanding these growing seasons is critical for farmers to plan planting schedules and
maximize yields depending on the environmental needs of various vegetables.

Supply and Demand:

The economic principle of supply and demand plays an important role in determining market
pricing for vegetables. During peak growth seasons, favourable environmental circumstances
result in an abundance of specific vegetables, potentially exceeding customer demand. When
supply exceeds demand, a surplus occurs, pushing farmers and suppliers to reduce prices in
order to sell the excess produce. In contrast, during the off-season or when severe weather
conditions reduce crop yields, vegetable supplies may fall. If demand remains constant or

5|Page
grows, the reduced supply produces market scarcity, causing prices to rise as consumers
compete for limited available produce.
The balance of supply and demand drives market dynamics and determines the equilibrium
price of vegetables. Producers, including farmers, gain from anticipating and planning for
seasonal variations in supply, whereas consumers may see price fluctuations depending on
the availability of vegetables on the market. Overall, this economic notion sheds light on the
dynamic processes that influence vegetable pricing throughout seasons.

Transportation and storage costs

Transportation and storage expenses have a significant impact on overall vegetable pricing,
and they are subject to seasonal fluctuations. Transportation costs fluctuate due to factors
such as fuel prices and road conditions, with extreme weather events, such as heavy snowfall
or storms, possibly disrupting transportation routes and raising delivery costs. Seasonal
fluctuations in gasoline prices add to the overall cost of moving vegetables from fields to
distribution hubs and retail outlets. Furthermore, during the off-season, when particular
vegetables are in short supply, efficient storage is critical to meeting year-round consumer
demand. During off-peak times, sophisticated storage technologies such as refrigeration or
climate-controlled facilities are frequently used to maintain the quality and freshness of
vegetables.
However, these enhanced storage technologies come with additional expenditures, which
affect the overall expenses borne by producers and suppliers. In summary, transportation and
storage costs in the vegetable supply chain fluctuate seasonally due to adverse weather
conditions and fuel price fluctuations, and these factors are critical considerations for
stakeholders such as farmers, distributors, and retailers when determining the final market
price of vegetables.

Weather events
Unpredictable weather occurrences, such as droughts, floods, and extreme temperatures have
a significant impact on vegetable cultivation and harvest. These events directly interfere with
normal growing conditions and agricultural processes, affecting both the quality and quantity
of vegetable crops. Droughts, for example, induce water scarcity, limiting crop hydration and
development, whereas floods can cause soggy soil, destroying roots and negatively impacting
plant growth. Extreme temperatures, whether extremely high or low, disturb vegetables'
natural growth cycles, reducing their overall quality.
The aftermath of these weather events frequently results in supply shortages for the afflicted
vegetables, causing an imbalance between supply and demand. Limited availability owing to
weather-related causes tends to raise costs as consumers battle for the limited supply.
Farmers, wholesalers, and consumers may suffer higher production costs or losses as a result
of weather occurrences that reduce crop yields.

6|Page
Unanticipated weather occurrences represent a considerable danger to the vegetable supply
chain, creating difficulties for both growers and consumers. In response to these weather-
related problems, adaptation strategies, risk management, and resilience building become
critical components of sustainable agriculture and food supply systems.

Government Policies;
Government measures, such as subsidies, have a considerable impact on seasonal vegetable
prices by providing financial incentives to encourage production and stabilize prices.
Import/export rules, such as limits and tariffs, have an impact on vegetable availability and
pricing since they regulate cross-border trade. Direct interventions, such as price controls,
shape seasonal patterns, reducing excessive variations. Agricultural policies on land use,
water management, and technology adoption have an indirect influence on prices, especially
those that promote sustainability.
In essence, government regulations are powerful weapons for shaping vegetable pricing in
order to provide a steady food supply, protect domestic producers, and promote sustainable
agriculture. A detailed understanding is required for producers and consumers to navigate the
complex terrain of vegetable pricing throughout seasons.

7|Page
 Data Analyses
I picked and recorded 11 different vegetables and fruits here. And that too from the same
shopkeepers on a regular and consecutive basis for 15 days during the peak season, which
runs from November 10th, 2023 to November 25th, 2023.
Day Day Day Day Day Day Day Day Day Day Day Day Day Day Day
Days 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs.
Radish
29 29 29 29 29 29 29 28 28 28 28 28 28 32 32
Cabba Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs.
ge 25 25 25 25 23 23 23 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20
Caulifl Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs.
ower 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 25 25 25 24 24 24 27 27
Onion Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs.
Big 46 46 46 46 45 45 45 56 56 56 58 58 58 50 50
Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs.
Brinjal
22 22 22 22 28 28 28 23 23 23 25 25 25 23 23
Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs.
Potato
33 33 33 33 39 39 39 30 30 30 30 30 30 26 26
Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs.
Carrot
40 40 40 40 35 35 35 39 39 39 37 37 37 37 37
Cucum Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs.
ber 27 27 27 27 29 29 29 25 25 25 25 25 25 22 22
Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs.
Apple
120 120 120 125 125 125 125 125 125 130 130 135 135 135 135
Orang Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs.
e 80 80 85 85 85 85 90 90 90 85 85 85 90 90 90
Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs.
Papaya
60 60 65 65 65 75 75 70 70 80 65 65 70 70 75

Rs. 160

Rs. 140

Rs. 120

Rs. 100

Rs. 80

Rs. 60

Rs. 40

Rs. 20

Rs. 0
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Day 8 Day 9 Day Day Day Day Day Day
10 11 12 13 14 15

Radish Cabbage Cauliflower Onion Big Brinjal Potato

Carrot Cucumber Apple Orange Papaya

8|Page
 Explanation of data
The presented 15-day data on vegetable and fruit prices demonstrates typical market dynamics
impacted by supply and demand, seasonal fluctuations, and potential external effects. Radish prices'
early stability suggests constant supply, with later swings likely caused by shifts in demand, supply
conditions, or market factors. Similarly, the initial stability in cabbage prices, followed by a drop and
fluctuation, could be linked to seasonal changes, agricultural cycles, or differences in production that
affect market pricing. Cauliflower prices remained stable for the first seven days, then fluctuated,
reflecting supply patterns and market adjustments to maintain equilibrium.

Onion prices first remain stable before increasing significantly, which could be attributed to market
demand, supply chain problems, or seasonal affects on onion output. Brinjal prices are stable
followed by swings, indicating changes in market conditions, consumer preferences, or Brinjal
supplies. Potato prices initially stable, then climb significantly and fluctuate, maybe due to variations
in crop yields, market demand, or supply chain dynamics. Carrot prices indicate initial stability,
followed by a drop and fluctuation, most likely due to seasonal fluctuations, farming techniques, or
shifts in consumer demand.

Cucumber prices initially remain stable, followed by increases and swings caused by variables such as
changes in weather conditions, supply variances, or market demand. Price fluctuations for fruits such
as apples, oranges, and papaya may be impacted by seasonal harvests, regional availability, and shifts
in customer preferences. Overall, these observed trends highlight the dynamic character of
agricultural markets, as prices respond to a wide range of factors impacting supply and demand
dynamics across the studied time period.

9|Page
 Explanation of Data Vegetable and Fruits Wise

Cabbage

Price(Rs
30 Day
.)
25 1 25
2 25
20
3 25
15 4 25
5 23
10
6 23
5 7 23
8 19
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9 19
10 19
Cabbage: Day 11 20
Cabbage: Price 12 20
13 20
14 20
15 20

During the observation period, the pricing of cabbage showed significant tendencies. Initially,
the price was stable at Rs.25 for the first four days. Over days 5–7, the price gradually
decreased from Rs.25 to Rs.23, presumably due to increasing supply or effective distribution.
Days 8 and 9 saw a sharp reduction to Rs.19, indicating an oversupply of cabbage supply,
maybe due to successful harvests or increased production. From 10 to 15, prices remained
constant at Rs.19 before marginally climbing to Rs.20. This period of stability could suggest
supply-demand equilibrium or the resolution of causes that contributed to the fall in the first
place.
The overall trend demonstrates a dynamic market response to elements such as seasonality
and agricultural production cycles, underlining the importance for stakeholders to understand
these trends. Further inquiry into the reasons that cause fluctuations, as well as the
implementation of risk-mitigation methods, are recommended to improve stakeholders'
ability to make informed decisions for a sustainable and lucrative supply chain.

10 | P a g e
Cauliflower

Da Price(Rs.
y )
1 28
2 28
3 28
4 28
5 28
6 28
7 28
8 25
9 25
10 25
11 24
12 24
13 24
14 27
15 27

30

25

20

15

10

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Cauliflower: Day Cauliflower: Price

Cauliflower

11 | P a g e
Cauliflower prices were unchanged at Rs.28 for the first seven days, indicating a balanced market.
Over days 8-10, there was a slow fall from Rs.28 to Rs.25, which could be due to increased supply,
demand shifts, or seasonal swings. A fall to Rs.24 on days 11-13 and a little increase to Rs.27 on
days 14-15 suggest market adjustments due to changes in supply and demand dynamics.

Overall, the tendency is a mix of stability and moderate oscillations, influenced by seasonal
variations, agricultural cycles, and market influences. Key considerations for stakeholders include
ongoing market monitoring, an understanding of influencing factors such as weather and demand,
and collaborative efforts to optimize supply chain management, ensuring resilience in the face of
price fluctuations for a sustainable agricultural industry.

Radish

35 Price
Day
(Rs.)
30 1 29
2 29
25
3 29
20 4 29
5 29
15 6 29
7 29
10
8 28
5 9 28
10 28
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11 28
12 28
Radish: Day Radish: Price
13 28
14 32
15 32

Analyzing radish pricing data over time reveals significant trends. The first seven days show
stable pricing at Rs.29, indicating stability. On days 8-10, there was a modest fall from Rs.29
to Rs.28, which could indicate increasing supply or improved distribution efficiency.

12 | P a g e
Between days 11 and 15, there is a significant increase from Rs.28 to Rs.32. This upward
trend could be due to lower supply, increased demand, or seasonal causes. The data show that
the market was reasonably constant at first, with moderate decreases followed by significant
rises.
These oscillations are most likely caused by factors such as agricultural output cycles,
seasonality, and shifts in consumer demand. Stakeholders in the radish supply chain should
pay close attention to pricing determinants such as agricultural cycles, weather conditions,
and market demand. Understanding these dynamics is critical for making educated decisions
about pricing and market positioning. Overall, this analysis emphasizes the importance of
proactive management in light of the radish market's responsiveness and probable supply and
demand variations.

Cucumber

35 Da Price(Rs
y .)
30 1 27
2 27
25
3 27
20 4 27
5 29
15 6 29
7 29
10 8 25
9 25
5
10 25
0 11 25
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12 25
13 25
Cucumber: Day Cucumber: Price(Rs.)
14 22
15 22

Cucumber price data shows four distinct phases: a consistent period with stable pricing at Rs 27 for
the first four days, indicating a steady market; a gradual increase from Rs.27 to Rs.29 over days 5 to

13 | P a g e
7, suggesting potential influences such as rising demand, supply changes, or seasonal fluctuations; a
stable period at Rs.25 from days 8 to 13, possibly reflecting a balance between supply and demand;
and a sudden drop to Rs.22 on days 14 and 15, indicating factors The overall trend represents a mix
of stability, moderate variations, and dramatic drops, which may be impacted by seasonality,
consumer demand, and market disruptions.

Understanding weather conditions, harvesting cycles, and transportation costs is critical for
stakeholders to successfully negotiate pricing dynamics. Continuous monitoring and collaboration
among farmers, distributors, and retailers are recommended to optimize supply chain management
and respond efficiently to unexpected price changes, ensuring resilience and sustainability in the
agricultural supply chain.

Potato

Price
Day (Rs.)
1 33
2 33
3 33
4 33
5 39
6 39
7 39
8 30
9 30
10 30
11 30
12 30
13 30
14 26
15 26

14 | P a g e
 45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Potato: Day Potato: Price

Potato
Analyzing potato price data reveals various stages. a consistent period at Rs.33 for the initial
four days, signifying stability; a gradual increase from Rs.33 to Rs.39 over days 5 to 7,
suggesting potential influences like rising demand, supply changes, or seasonal fluctuations;
a significant drop to Rs 30 on days 8 and 9, possibly due to an oversupply, shifting market
demand, or external factors; a stable period at Rs.30 from days 10 to 13, indicating a balance
between supply and demand; and another sudden drop to Rs 26 on days 14 and 15, possibly
influenced by factors such as oversupply, changing consumer preferences, or external market
forces.
The overall trend is a mix of stability, moderate variations, and sharp drops, affected by
seasonality, consumer demand, and potential market disruptions. Key considerations for
stakeholders include regular market monitoring, understanding impacting elements such as
weather and demand, and joint efforts to optimize supply chain management, assuring
resilience and sustainability in the potato market
.

Big Onion

15 | P a g e
 Price
Day (Rs.)
1 46
2 46
3 46
4 46
5 45
6 45
7 45
8 56
9 56
10 56
11 58
12 58
13 58
14 50
15 50
70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Onion Big: Day Onion Big: Price

Big Onion

Analyzing Big Onion price data suggests various phases: The price pattern shows a stable
period at ₹46 for the first four days, followed by a slight decrease to Rs.45 on days 5 to 7,
possibly due to minor variations in supply or changes in market demand; a significant
increase to Rs.56 on days 8 to 10, indicating reduced supply, heightened demand, or external
market forces affecting prices; a continued rise to Rs.58 on days 11 to 13, indicating a peak
likely driven by scarcity, increased consumer demand, or market dynamics; and a slight.

16 | P a g e
Understanding weather conditions, harvesting cycles, and transportation costs is critical for
stakeholders, mandating ongoing monitoring and joint efforts to improve the supply chain.
Finally, stakeholders must adjust to the changing nature of Big Onion prices, taking into
account elements like as supply and demand, weather conditions, and consumer preferences,
in order to create a resilient and sustainable agriculture supply chain.

Apple

Price
Day (Rs.)
1 120
2 120
3 120
4 125
5 125
6 125
7 125
8 125
9 125
10 130
11 130
12 135
13 135
14 135
15 135

17 | P a g e
 160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Apple: Day Apple: Price (Rs.)

Analysing Apple's price data reveals various stages. The price fluctuated from Rs.120 to
Rs.125 on days 4–7, possibly due to increased demand, supply changes, or seasonal
fluctuations. On days 8 and 9, there was a brief stable period at Rs.125, indicating a balance
between supply and demand. On day 10, the price increased to Rs.130, with a peak at Rs.135
on days 11–13, indicating scarcity, heightened consumer demand, or market dynamics.
Finally, there was a slight decrease.

The overall trajectory exhibits a mix of stability, steady swings, and an Apple price peak, all
of which are driven by market dynamics and other factors such as weather and consumer
preferences. Continuous monitoring and collaboration among stakeholders are recommended
for optimal supply chain management and effective market response, maintaining Apple's
resilience and sustainability. Finally, stakeholders must react to the dynamic nature of Apple
prices, taking into account supply and demand, weather conditions, and consumer
preferences, in order to ensure a resilient and sustainable agriculture supply chain.

Orange

18 | P a g e
 100 Price
90 Day (Rs.)
80 1 80
2 80
70
3 85
60 4 85
50 5 85
40 6 85
7 90
30
8 90
20 9 90
10 10 85
0 11 85
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12 85
13 90
Orange: Day Orange: Price (Rs.)
14 90
15 90

Analysing Orange pricing data suggests various phases: During the first two days, the price
remained stable at Rs.80. On day 3, the price jumped slightly to Rs.85, which could be due to
increased demand, supply adjustments, or seasonal swings. The price remained steady at ₹85
from days 4 to 6, indicating a balance between supply and demand.On days 7–9, there was a
gradual increase to Rs.90, indicating potential rises in demand, reduced supply, or other
market dynamics. Days 10–13 saw a slight decrease to Rs.85, signalling a potential market
adjustment. Days 14 and 15 were stable at Rs.90, possibly influenced by a balance between
supply and demand. The overall trend indicates a mix of stability, minor variations, and
progressive rises in Orange prices, which are influenced by market dynamics, supply and
demand, and possible factors such as weather and consumer desire.
Continuous monitoring and collaboration among stakeholders are required for optimal supply
chain management and effective reaction to market volatility, enabling resilience and
sustainability in the orange marketplace. Finally, stakeholders must react to the dynamic
nature of orange prices, taking into account factors like supply and demand, weather
conditions, and consumer preferences, to maintain a resilient and sustainable

Price
Day (Rs.)
1 60
2 60
Papaya: 3 65
4 65
5 65
6 75
7 75
In the 15-day period of vegetable pricing data, a distinct pattern appears. 8 70
Prices are initially constant at Rs. 60 for the first two days before rising to 9 70
10 80
11 65
19 | P a g e
12 65
13 70
14 70
15 75
Rs. 65 and remaining there for the next three days. On Day 6, prices rise significantly to Rs.
75 and remain in this higher range for the next five days, peaking at Rs. 80 on Day 10.
However, prices fluctuate in the later portion of the observed time, ranging from Rs. 65, Rs.
70, and Rs. 75 between Days 11 and 15. This data reveals that prices rose until Day 10, after
which they fluctuated. External factors that could influence these swings include supply and
demand dynamics, seasonal shifts, and other market forces. Additional information, such as
weather conditions and specific events occurring during this window, would help to complete
a thorough analysis.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY :

 COLLECTION OF PRIMARY DATA

1. Market Research: Conducting research entails gathering information directly from

individuals. This covers suppliers and distributors.

2. Interviews: In-depth interviews with key informants or subject matter experts can
yield significant qualitative information. These interviews were open-ended, allowing
for comprehensive responses.

3. Direct Observations: Observation is the direct observation and recording of events,

behaviours, or processes. This includes making on-site trips to markets or other
relevant sites to collect real-time data.

20 | P a g e
  Secondary data collection:
a) Agricultural reports
b) Climate data

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The key aims of this study are:

a. Examine the effect of seasonal fluctuations on vegetable pricing.

b. Investigate why various localities respond differently.
c. Determine how seasonality and locality influence vegetable pricing dynamics.
d. Understanding the linkages between agricultural cycles, regional factors, and price
variations is critical for implementing sustainable practices.

21 | P a g e
CONCLUSION

In the end, the study of the effect of seasonality on the shift in vegetable pricing provided
useful insights into the dynamics of the vegetable market. The investigation of historical price
data indicated different patterns and swings that are impacted by seasonal variations. Supply,
demand, and farming techniques were found as major factors to the price variations. The
study emphasizes the need of taking seasonal factors into account when evaluating and
managing price changes in the vegetable market. This information is essential for consumers,
producers, and policymakers to make educated decisions and adopt effective initiatives to
address difficulties related with seasonal variations.

The findings contribute to the larger area of agricultural economics by laying the
groundwork for future study and the implementation of targeted interventions to improve the
resilience and sustainability of the vegetable market in response to seasonal fluctuations.

In conclusion, the observed price changes in vegetables this period can be traced mostly to
seasonal variations impacting market output, supply, and demand. Increased supply during

22 | P a g e
the season change frequently results in price reductions, but swings may occur due to
individual factors impacting each vegetable market dynamics.

REFERENCE-
 https://www.kisandeals.com/mandiprices/ALL/UTTARAKHAND/RISHIKESH
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8465681/

23 | P a g e