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Pyrite crystal formed from iron sulfide. Callista Images / Getty

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A mixture occurs when you combine matter so

that the components can be separated again. A
compound results from a chemical reaction
between components, forming a new
substance. For example, you can combine iron
filings with sulfur to form a mixture. All it
takes is a magnet to separate the iron from the
sulfur. On the other hand, if you heat the iron
and sulfur, you form iron sulfide, which is a
compound; the iron and sulfur can no longer
be separate from one another.

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Iron filings

Sulfur (powder or flowers of sulfur)

Magnet

Test tube or beaker

Burner or hot plate or stove

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1. First form a mixture. Stir some iron

filings and sulfur together to form a
powder. You have just taken two
elements and combined them to form a
mixture. You can separate the
components of the mixture by stirring
the powder with a magnet; the iron
filings will stick to the magnet while
the sulfur will not. Another (less
messy) option is to swirl the powder
with the magnet under the container;
the iron will fall toward the magnet at
the bottom.

2. If you heat the mixture over a bunsen

burner, hot plate, or stove, the mixture
will start to glow. The elements will
react and will form iron sulfide, which
is a compound. Unlike the mixture, the
formation of a compound can't be
undone so easily. Use glassware that
you don't mind ruining.

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When you form a mixture, you can add

components in any ratio that you want. It
doesn't matter if there is more iron than sulfur,
for example.

When you form a compound, the components

react according to a set formula. If there is an
excess of one or the other, it will remain after
the reaction that forms the compound. For
example, you may have some leftover iron or
sulfur in the tube with your mixture. Two
grams of sulfur with 3.5 grams of iron filings
will completely react.

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