LAB SHEET

Programme Diploma in Electronic Engineering (Control)

Course Code DEJ30023 : Instrumentation

Title Control Valve

Lab. No. DEJ30023/JKE/PW05

NAMA NO MATRIX
MUHAMMAD ARIF HAKIM BIN YUSRI 0DJK21F2002
MOHAMMAD DANIEL ATHFI BIN AMIRUNNIZAM 08DJK21F2036
SYAZWAN ARIFFIN BIN SAA’DOM 08DJK21F2034
MOHAMMAD SUKRI BIN MAING 08DJK21F2010

LEARNING OUTCOME:
PLO5 : apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT tools to
well-defined engineering problems, with an awareness of the limitations (DK6).
PLO10: communicate effectively on well-defined engineering activities with the engineering
community and with society at large, by being able to comprehend the work of
others, document their own work, and give and receive clear instructions.

CLO2 : construct and test the processing control system application based on the theory
and principle operation of the system
CLO3 : demonstrate good communication skill in group presentation based on engineering
activities.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE (SO):

At the end of the experiment, students will be able to:

i. Disassembles the part of control valve.

ii. Assembles the part of control valve.
iii. Demonstrate the operation of control valve circuit

ACTION NAME & DESIGNATION SIGNATURE EFFECTIVE

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 DATE
Salizahanim binti Leman Course
Prepared by: 1 Dis 2020
Lecturer

Suriani Binti Daud

Checked & approved by: 1 Dis 2020
Programme Leader

THEORY:

Control valves are the most important and common final elements which manipulates the
manipulated variable to make the measured variable equal to the set point. Control valves are
mechanical items and require proper attention for its selection.

The main components of control valve are body, stem, actuator and positioner.

i. Valve body - the outer potion of the valve which comes in different sizes as per
requirement of process, end connections to fit the pipe line are normally flanged although
they can be welded and normally of cast or forged steel although also available in
superior material to suit the process.

ii. Stem - the shaft component used to link valve control member (i.e. actuator to the plug),
the part which moves and provide valve opening and closing, and made up of different
shapes as per the process requirement.

iii. Actuator - the device which provide movement to the stem due to which the valve opens
and closes the passage of flow, could be pneumatic, electric or electro-hydraulic and
most widely used actuator is the pneumatic spring-and-diaphragm type with standard
signal ranges of 3-15psi (0.4 - 2 bars)

iv. Positioner - action of the actuator can cause unstable or cyclic action due to desired
position of the valve, a device used to improve static and dynamic behavior of the valve
and basically to position the valve more precisely

Control valve can be classified in two main categories:

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i. Sliding Stem Valves - Globe, Diaphragm, Angle valve ii.

Rotary Valves - Ball valve, butterfly and 3 way valves

PRE-LAB:

1. Students are required to explain the parts of globe control valve and the application in
industry.
2. Students must submit the findings to lecturer for the verification before proceed to the
practical work.

APPARATUS:
1. Globe control valve
2. Tool box

SAFETY PRECAUTION:
1. Maintain a clean work area at all times.
2. Make sure that all facing of the valve parts are clean.
3. Do not disassemble actuator with pressure loaded.
4. Prior to the installation, check the valve as well as the connecting parts to make sure
they are free from dirt and burrs.
5. Connect the flanges with the appropriate size bolts and heavy hex nuts which confirm to
comparison standard.
6. Tight flange bolts as recommended by gasket manufacturer and standard.
7. Use wrench and apply force on the hexagon end of the valve only. Apply force to other
area of valve may seriously damage the valve.
8. The valve stem must move without jerking.

PROCEDURE:
Disassemble part by part of the valve.
Task 1: Assembly – Componentry Body, refer Figure 1.
1. Fix valve body (1.1)
2. Insert profile seal ring (2.5) into the valve body (1.1)
3. Put seat ring (2.1) onto the profile seal ring (2.5)
4. Fix cage (2.9) onto the seat ring (2.1)

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5. Screw in stud bolts (1.3) into the valve body (1.1) 6. Put spiral
wound gasket (2.10) onto the cage (2.9)
7. Put bonnet gasket (1.2) onto the valve body.

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Task 2: Assembly – Componentry Bonnet, refer Figure 2.
1. Fix valve plug (2.2)
2. Screw in the valve stem (2.4) into the valve plug (2.2)
3. Pin together valve plug (2.2) and valve stem (2.4)
4. Press in dowel pin (2.3) into the pilot-drilled hole of valve plug (2.2) + valve stem (2.4)
5. Fix valve plug (2.2) + valve stem (2.4) onto the seat ring (2.1)
6. Align valve plug (2.2) and valve stem (2.4)
7. Fix standard bonnet (3.1) onto the bonnet gasket (1.2)
8. Screw on hexagon nuts (1.4) onto the stud bolts (1.3)
9. Screw down hexagon nuts (1.4) equally and cross-wise

Task 3: Assembly – Componentry Stem passage, refer Figure 2.

1. Insert spacer bush (3.20) into the bonnet (3.1)
2. Fix bottom ring (3.2) onto the spacer bush (3.20)
3. Put packing ring set (3.3) onto the bottom ring (3.2) in the following order:
i. 1 carbon filled PTFE ring
ii. 4 PTFE braided yarn ring
iii. 1 carbon filled PTFE ring
4. Screw in stud bolts (3.5) into the bonnet (3.1)
5. Fix gland flange (3.4) onto the packing ring set (3.3)
6. Put plain washer (3.8) onto the gland flange (3.4)
7. Screw on hexagonal nuts (3.6) onto the stud bolts (3.5)
8. Screw in hexagonal nuts (3.5) evenly

RESULT:

Ball Valve

One type of pipe valve is the ball valve, using this name because of the shape of the
inside of this component in the form of a semicircular ball. Which is in the pipe and is
connected to the rotary shaft to regulate the flow of water that enters the pipe.

Or this tool can also be used to direct the direction of the water flowing later. In other
words, this tool has a dual function, especially to hold or temporarily stop the flow of
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running water. And directing to another channel where the
water will be flowed later.

Hand Ball Valve

How Ball Valves Work

Ball valve is widely used because of its ease of repair and ability to withstand high
pressure and temperature. Depending on what material they are made of, Ball Valves
can withstand pressures of up to 10,000 Psi and temperatures of around 200 degrees
Celsius.

Ball Valves are widely used in industrial applications because they are very versatile,
able to withstand pressures up to 1000 barr and temperatures up to 482°F (250°C).
The size usually ranges from 0.2-11.81 inches (0.5 cm to 30 cm). Ball Valve can be
made of metal, plastic or even ceramic material. The ball is often chrome plated to
make it more durable.

Gate Valve

The first type of pipe valve, the gate valve has an opening and closing function like a
gate. Because this valve is on the front end to regulate every water or gas that enters.
This type of valve is more widely used and can be found at several water inlets such
as dams, reservoirs, and even water flow in culverts.

Because this valve connects the main water gate which is at the end of the water
flow. With the aim of later when there is a high flow of water entering the water
channel.
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This gate serves to debit water that will later be flowed to
irrigate rice fields, farms, or close the water channel. With the purpose that when
water with high pressure comes or floods. The water does not enter the flow of
places to irrigate rice fields and fields so that losses for farmers can be minimized.
That is the function of this type of pipe valve.

Gate Valve
How Gate Valves Work

How the Gate Valve works, if the handle is rotated, the bonnet part moves up the
connector with the stopping wedge area changing by forcing the movement to go up
and down. The handle that raises and lowers the stopper occupies the bonnet space.

Butterfly Valve

The next type of pipe valve is the butterfly valve, this type is used to regulate the
speed of water in the pipe. The speed of water that uses this type of valve is mostly
for gas or water that has a low pressure or liquid that has a high concentration.

High concentration in this case is a liquid that has a relatively high viscosity compared
to water which is generally dilute. So to use this type of valve will be very felt for
liquids or gases that have low pressure.
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This type of pipe valve is used for medium-sized pipes and has
water or gas that is half the capacity of this pipe. Because if the volume of gas or
water flowing through the pipe has high pressure. This valve can be damaged due to
the high pressure of the liquid flowing in the pipe.

Butterfly Valve
How Butterfly Valves Work

Butterfly valve has a relatively simple construction. The main components of the
butterfly valve are the body, seal, disk, and stem. A typical butterfly valve has a disk
positioned in the middle of the connected pipe and a stem connected to an actuator
or handle on the outside of the valve. In the closed position, the disk is perpendicular
to the flow, as shown in the picture, and is sealed by the valve seat. The stem is also
closed using an O-Ring.

When the actuator or handle rotates the stem back 90 degrees, the disk moves away
from the valve seat and positions itself in line with the flow. Partial rotation allows the
flow to be restricted or proportional. Butterfly valve that will be used for modulation
service can be designed to have Linear or Equal characteristics.

Globe Valve

Unlike the first type, this type of valve is more placed in the middle of the water pipe.
With the main function and purpose to deal with the leakage that occurs. So when a
leak occurs, this part functions to hold back the existing water flow so that the leak
that occurs can be repaired immediately. Without being disturbed by the flow of
water that is flowing in the pipe, there are times when this valve is also used for gas.
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With the same purpose, which is to temporarily stop the flow
of gas that is flowing in the existing pipe. Because along the length of the pipe, each
pipe has its own risk. Later if there is one of the pipes in a certain part of the block
that has problems or leaks. So every valve of this type will be a solution to deal with
and overcome the problems that occur. Coping in this case is not fixing but
temporarily stopping the flow of water or gas until later the damaged pipe has been
repaired.

Manual Globe Valve

How Globe Valves Work

Globe Valve is a valve that has a linear movement direction and is designed as
stopping (stopping the flow), opening the flow and regulating the flow. The disk on
the globe valve can close a fluid flow. On ordinary globe valves (conventional) can be
applied as isolation and throttling service. Although the globe valve features a higher
pressure drop figure compared to valves such as gate valves, plugs and ball valves.

Globe valves are basically designed to control fluid flow. In applying the globe valve
should consider the length of reach or range in flow control, pressure drop and duty
so that there is no system failure. Generally the pressure at the maximum differential
on the disk should not be more than 20% of the maximum pressure upstream or
around 200psi (1380kPa). But there is also a type of globe valve that is able to work
beyond that pressure.

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QUESTION/ DISCUSSION:
Explain the working operation for the body, bonnet and stem passage of globe control valve.
The body, sometimes called the shell, is the primary pressure boundary of a valve. It serves as
the principal element of a valve assembly because it is the framework that holds everything
together.
The body, the first pressure boundary of a valve, resists fluid pressure loads from connecting
piping. It receives inlet and outlet piping through threaded, bolted, or welded joints.
Valve bodies are cast or forged into a variety of shapes. Although a sphere or a cylinder would
theoretically be the most economical shape to resist fluid pressure when a valve is open, there
are many other considerations.
For example, many valves require a partition across the valve body to support the seat opening,
which is the throttling orifice. With the valve closed, loading on the body is difficult to determine.
The valve end connections also distort loads on a simple sphere and more complicated shapes.
Ease of manufacture, assembly, and costs are additional important considerations.
Hence, the basic form of a valve body typically is not spherical, but ranges from simple block
shapes to highly complex shapes in which the bonnet, a removable piece to make assembly
possible, forms part of the pressure resisting body.
Narrowing of the fluid passage (venturi effect) is also a common method for reducing the overall
size and cost of a valve. In other instances, large ends are added to the valve for connection into
a larger line.
Valve Bonnet
The cover for the opening in the valve body is the bonnet. In some designs, the body itself is
split into two sections that bolt together.
Like valve bodies, bonnets vary in design. Some bonnets function simply as valve covers, while
others support valve internals and accessories such as the stem, disk, and actuator.
The bonnet is the second principal pressure boundary of a valve. It is cast or forged of the same
material as the body and is connected to the body by a threaded, bolted, or welded joint.
In all cases, the attachment of the bonnet to the body is considered a pressure boundary. This
means that the weld joint or bolts that connect the bonnet to the body are pressure-retaining
parts.
Valve bonnets, although a necessity for most valves, represent a cause for concern. Bonnets
can complicate the manufacture of valves, increase valve size, represent a significant cost
portion of valve cost, and are a source for potential leakage.
Stem
The stem, which connects the actuator and disk, is responsible for positioning the disk. Stems
are typically forged and connected to the disk by threaded or welded joints.
For valve designs requiring stem packing or sealing to prevent leakage, a fine surface finish of
the stem in the area of the seal is necessary. Typically, a stem is not considered a pressure
boundary part.

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 Connection of the disk to the stem can allow some rocking or rotation
to ease the positioning of the disk on the seat.
Alternately, the stem may be flexible enough to let the disk position itself against the seat.
However, constant fluttering or rotation of a flexible or loosely connected disk can destroy the
disk or its connection to the stem.
Two types of valve stems are rising stems and non-rising stems. Illustrated in Figures 2 and 3,
these two types of stems are easily distinguished by observation.
For a rising stem valve, the stem will rise above the actuator as the valve is opened. This occurs
because the stem is threaded and mated with the bushing threads of a yoke that is an integral
part of, or is mounted to, the bonnet.
There is no upward stem movement from outside the valve for a non-rising stem design. For the
non-rising stem design, the valve disk is threaded internally and mates with the stem threads
CONCLUSION:
Give your conclusion pertaining to the experiment.
In this practical lab the conclusion is I know how to diassembles the part of control valve by
myself. Other than that,I know how assembles the part of control valve.After that,I know how to
demonstrate the operation of control valve circuit.

REFERENCE:
https://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/aclk?sa=L&ai=DChcSEwjTqPv2hKr_AhX6PG
AKHWgqAiQYABAAGgJ0bQ&ohost=www.google.com&cid=CAESbeD20bI63kF67e
mYGG1kSFqMgQf_C4G9xwy9PSrMI3_Ad2tT6s_bHVeov1geLTFwGeAOZu0xdBaKS
uV4B-1aJA6Ov-jA1wwb80ePMue8xDefV7BkFz_vteEb9CaFfRSvuGE-
wo1vBNwB1FwE4&sig=AOD64_37yYrLUOv9456TPvzFQzHkNxNXFA&q&adurl&ved
=2ahUK
Ewj37_P2hKr_AhUkm1YBHXhjABwQ0Qx6BAgFEAE
https://realpars.com/control-valve/ https://www.wermac.org/valves/valves_control-
valves_principles-of-operation.html

PRACTICAL WORK ASSESSMENT

DEJ30023 – INSTRUMENTATION

Session : __________________________________

Programme :______________________ Practical Work Number :______________________

Date :____________________________ Lecturer’s Name : ___________________________

1. PRACTICAL WORK ASSESSMENT (PSIKOMOTOR)

No Practical Skill Competency Criteria Matrix Number

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 (CLO2,P4,
PLO5, CLS3a)
Follow Follow the instruction
1
Instructions appropriately and confidently
Apparatus Identify, use and set the
2
Handling apparatus/equipment correctly
Circuit
3 Construct the circuit correctly
Assembling
Output
4 Observation Observe the output correctly

Trouble
5 shooting Do trouble shooting excellently

Practice of Practice proper safety all the

6 safety time

7 Housekeeping Do the housekeeping voluntary

Time Do the work within the

8 management stipulated time
TOTAL (40)
PERCENTAGE (80)

2. PRACTICAL WORK ASSESSMENT (COGNITIVE)

No Practical Skill Competency Criteria Score

(CLO2,P4,
PLO5, CLS3a,
3c)
1. Introduction Background information provided.
2. Results interpreted and analyzed
Result analysis Figures, graphs, tables are produced and included (wherever
3.
applicable).
Results and questions (if applicable) interpreted and
4. Discussion discussed.

5. Conclusions Important points are concluded.

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6. References Reference cited and relevant

Experimental Written in paragraph format and experimental details are

7.
procedure covered
8. Format Formatting readable

TOTAL (/40)
PERCENTAGE (/20)

core Description

Demonstrate complete understanding of the task. Respond to ALL

5
requirements of task.
Demonstrate considerable understanding of the task. All requirements
4
of task are included.
Demonstrate partial understanding of the task. Most requirements of
3
task are included.
Demonstrate little understanding of the task. Many requirements of task
2
are missing.
Demonstrate no understanding of the task. No response/task not
1
attemped.

3. GENERIC SKILL ASSESSMENT (GSA)

GSA (CLO3, Matrix Number

No Competency Criteria
PLO10, CLS3b)
Clear delivery of Able to deliver ideas with
1.
ideas great clarity
Confident delivery Able to deliver ideas with
2.
of ideas great confidence
Effective and Able to deliver ideas
articulate delivery
3. effectively and can be used to
of ideas
solved problems
Understand and
Able to fully understand and
4. respond to
respond to questions
questions
Adapt delivery to Able to adapt delivery ideas to
5. audience level a variety of audience

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 TOTAL (25)
PERCENTAGE (100)

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