EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO 17638 NORME EUROPEENNE EUROPAISCHE NORM Noven 2016 es 25,160.10 Supersedes EN 180 176382 Non-destructive testing of welds - Magnetic particle testing (ISO 17638:2016) erties fang vonSebeive ‘Mayet palverprUfang (150 17636-2016) “ThicEuropean Standard was approved by CEN on 2 October 2016, Ine CEN/CENELEC ard witht any asrattn pet dat ita Jon application tothe CEN CENELEC Manan (CEN embers are bound o empl ouch nae standards maybe ob8S EN ISO 17638:2016 NSO 17638:2016 (E) European foreword ‘This document (EN ISO 17638:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 “Welding. ‘and allied pracesses” In collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding and allied ‘processes’ the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an Identical text or by endorsement, atthe latest by May 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be ‘withdrawn atthe latest by May 2017. Attention Is drawn (o the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights, CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 17638-2009, According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ieeland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, “Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The test of ISO 17634:2016 has heen approved by CEN as EN ISO 17638:2016 without any modification.BS EN ISO 17638:2016 ISO 1763: Contents Page Foreword - 1 Scope.. - 2 Normativereferences....... co 1 3 Termsanddefinitions...... co 1 4 Safety precautions... co 1 5 General Bs - a a $1 Information required prior to testing 1 5.2 Additional pre-test information. 2 5.3 Personnel qualification. _- 2 $4 Surface conditions and preparation - 2 5S Magnetizing. 2 55.1 Magnetizing equipment. 2 552 Verification of magnetization 3 5.6 Application wechniques - 3 1 Field directions and testing are 3 5.6.2 Typical magnetictesting techniques. - 6 5.7 Detection media... _ a 9 57.1 General 9 5.7.2 Verification of detection media performance... 9 58 Viewingconditions. 59 Application afdetection media 5.10 Overall performance test... 5.11 False indications... 512 Recordingof indications. - 5.13 Demagnetization...... SAA Test report nnn Annex A (informative) Variables affecting the sensitivity of magnetic particle testing. 13 Bibliography.BS EN ISO 17638:2016 180 17638:2016(E) Foreword 180 (the International Organization for Standardization) isa worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee, International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. 180 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization, ‘The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Pat 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of 150 documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see mu isaare /dictives). Attention is drawn to the possibilty that some of the elements ofthis document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any oF all such patent rights. Detalls of Any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be an the Introduction and/or fon the ISO list of patent declarations received (see wa isb.ore/ pales) Any wade name used in this document is information given for the canveni constitute an endorsement. nce of users and does not Foran explanation on the meaningof1SO specifictermsand expressions related to conformity assessment, 2s well a information about ISOs adherence othe Word Trade Organization (WTO) principles i the ‘Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: ‘The committee responsible for this document is IS0/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee C5, Testing and inspection of welds. ‘This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 17638:2003), which has been technically revised. Requests for official interpretations of any aspect of this documentshould be directed to the Seeretar iat of IS0/TC 44/SC 5 via your national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at suumisoarINTERNATIONAL SEANDARD, 180 17H: 2016(8) Non-destructive testing of welds — Magnetic particle testing 1 Scope ‘This document species tachnigquot for dtoction of surfzeo imperfections in weds in Ferromagnetic material including tie neat affeced zones, by tieans of agete perce esting, The Weingues are {ultable for most welding procestes and joint configuration, Variations in the baie techniques that Will provide higher or lower test sentuvity are described in nus ‘This document does wot specify acceptance levels ofthe indications Further information on acceptance levels farindiestons may be found inISO 23278 or fa productor application standards. 2. Normative references ‘The fllowing documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of theie content constitutes requirements of ths documeat For dated reterences, only te edition cited apples. For Udated references, the Latest edition ofthe referenced document including any aniendinenes) applies 1503050, Nor destructive testing — Ponetrant testing and magnetiepartice testing — Viewing conditions 130 9924-1.2015, Non-desructiv testing — Magnetic particle testing — Part 1: General princpler 15099542, Non destructive testing — Magnetic particle texting — Part 2:Detection media 150 99343, Nou destructive testing — Magnetic particle testing — Patt 3: Equipment 3. Terms and definitions For the purposes of ts document, the terms ané definitions given in1S0 12707 and 17535 apply. 150 and IFC maintain tenninological databases for usin stadardzat TEC Bloetropedis: wallable st hii) wae slestroplisacal 180 Online browsing platforms: 2valabe at hut / fun lap atthe following addresses: 4. Safety precautions Speck consideration shall be given to tose inflammable and/or volatile materials electrical safety ‘ahd untitered UV radiation. Magneue particle vesting often creates igh magnedc elds close co dhe object un ‘magnatsing equipment toms sentive to these feds should be excluded from such areas, 5 General 51 Information required prior to testing Prior to testing the fllowingitoms shall be specified (where aplicalle) 4) specie test procedure: b)_certiication requirements for NDT personnel;1S EN ISO 17536:2016 10 17638:2016(E) 4) extentofecoverage: 4) state-of manufacture; 6} testingtechniquesto be used 1) overall performance test: 4) any demagnetization: 1) acceptance level: 4) _actionnezessary for unacceptable indications. 5.2 Additional pre-test information Prior to testing, the following ada rods salinformation canalso be req 2) type and designation ofthe parent and weld materials, 8) welding prowss: 0 location and extent of welds tobe tested 4) jot preparationand dimensions; 6) location and extent of any repairs: 9) post-wold treatment (any); 18) Surface conditions. Operators may ask for further information that could be helpful in decermining the nature of any dications detected. 5.2 Personnel qualification Magnetic particle testing of welds and the evaluation of results for by qualified and capable personne. Kis recommended that personel be qualified in accor 1809712 or an equivalent standard at an appropriate level in the relevantindustry sector. acceptance shall be performed ew 5.4 Surface conditions and preparation Areas to be tested shall be dry unless appropriate products for wet surfaces are used. It may be necessary to improve the surface condition. eg. by use of abrasive paper or local grinding to permit accurate interpretationo indications Any cleaning or surfice preparation shall not be detrimental to tho material the surface finish or the ‘magnetic testing media, Detection media shall be used withia the temperature range limitations set by themanufacturer 5.5. Magnetizing G1 Magnetizing equipment General magnetization requirements shall bein aevordance with ISO 9934-1:2015, Clause 8, Unless otherwise specified, for example, in an application standard, the following types of alternating current-magnctizing equipment shall be used: 2) clectromagnoticyokes;BS EN ISO 17638:2016 180 17638:2016(E) b)_ current flow equipment with prods; ©) adjacent or threading conductors or coil techniques. DC electromagnets and permanent magnets may only be used by agreement at the time of enquiry and arder, burning or arcing at the contact tips. Removal of are burns shall be carried out where necessary. The affected area shall be tested by a suitable method to ensure the integrity of the surface. 5.5.2 Verification of magnetization For the verification of magnetization, sec 150 9934-1:2015, 82. For structural seelsin welds, a tangential field between 2 kA/m to 6 KA/m (rims) is recommended. ‘Theadequacy ofthe surface ux density shall be established by one or more of the following methads: a) ng Fine natural or artificial discontinuities in the 'b) measurement of the tangential field strength as elose as possible to the surface using a Hall effect probe; the appropriate tangential field strength can be difficult to measure close to abrupt changes In the shape of a Component or where flux eaves the surface of a conponcn ©). caleulation of the approximate current value in order to achieve the recommended tangential field ‘strength; the calculation can be based on the current values specified in Eigure:S and Figure 6; @)_ by theuse of other methods based on established principles. Flux indicators (i.e. shim-type} placed in contact with the surface under test provide a guide to the magnitude and direction of the tangential field strength, but should not be used to verify that the tangential fied strength is acceptable. NOTE Information on bjis given in 1S0.99343, 5.6 Application techniques 5.6.1 Field directions and testing area ‘The detectability of an imperfection depends on the angle ofits major axis with respect to the direction of the magnetic field. This is explained for one direction of magnetization in Figure: 1.BS EN ISO 176382015 (0 17638:2016(E) Key 1 mmapneticfiedinecion a anglebetween the magnetic dan he direct 2 optmumsenstivity dyin minimum angle trimpertecton detection 3 reducing senstivty a sxampleofimperfectionorientation 4 inulfcentsensviy Figure 1 — Directions of detectable imperfections ‘Toersuredetection of imperfections all orientations, the welds shal be magnetized in two directions approximately perpendicular to cach other with 2 maaimum deviation of 30°. This can be achieved using one or more magnetization methods. ‘Testing in only one field directions not recommended but may be carried out specified, fr example, ‘nan application standard. When using yokes or prods, there will be an area of the component in the vicinity of each pole piece or Uip that will be impossibie to tst due to excessive magnetic fed strength. This is usually seen as ‘urring of particles. Care shallbe taken to ensure adequate overiap ofthe testing areas as shown in Higurs 2 and gus 3BS EN ISO 176362016 1$0.17638:2016(8) Dimensions inmilimetres Key separation beswen the pots (yoke/prod ) Figure2 — Examples of effective testing area (shaded) for magnetizing with yokes and prodsBS EN ISO 17638:2016 180 17638:2016(E) 2 Key | effective area 2 overlap Figure 3 — Overlap of effective areas 5.6.2 ‘Typical magnetic testing techniques Magnetic particle testing techniques for common weld joint configurations are shown in Figure 4, Figure and Figure. 6, Values are given for guidance purposes only. Where possible, the same directions ‘of magnetization and field overlaps should be used for other weld geometries to be tested, The width of the Mux current (in case of flux current technique) or of the magnetic flow (in case of magnetic flow technique) path in the material, d, shall be greater than or equal to the width of te weld and the heat affected zone +50 mm and in all cases, the weld and the heat affected zone shall be included in the effective area, The direction of magnetization with respect to the orientation of the weld shall be specified.BS EN ISO 17538:2016 180 1763%:2016(E) Dimensions in milimetres d275, bsdj2 p=90° » 275 275 275 > 75, brsdi/2, bisav2 y's ~50 by sdz"50 Key 1 longitudinal cracks 2 transverse cracks Figure 4 — Typical magnetizing techniques for yokesBS EN SO 17538:2016 10 17638:2016(E) 4275 275 bedi beafa Figures — Typical magnetizing techniques for prods, using a magnetizing current prod spacing8S EN ISO 176382015, 190 17638:2016(E) “ ( “ 5 \ | ql — ( . = i | Hy | { ) \ a roses wosess0 wish West » 1 numberoftarns 1 carers rms} {1 dlstancebstween weld and cae cable Figure 6 — Typical magnetizing techniques for Hlexible cables or cols (for longitudinal cracks) 5.7 Detection media 541 General Detection media may be eter in dry povider form or magnetic taks in accordance with 190 9934-2, 5.7.2. Verificationof detection media performance ‘The detection media used shall ull the requirements of 809994.2.Indications obtained withthe mediun tobe verified shall be compared against those obtained from a ‘medium kavinga known and acceptable performance For thisparpese, the referenceindications may be eal imperfections, photographs) ant replicas. 5.8 Viewing conditions accordance with 150.3058. 5.9 Application of detection media After the objet nas been prepared for testing, tie detection medium shall be appited by spraying, ooding or dusting immediatly prior to and during the magnetization. Following this, ume stall be allowed for indications tofarm holore removal afthe magnstic ld ‘Whica magnetic suspensions are used, the magnetic eld shall be maintained within the object until the rajoriy of te sispension carrier iguid tas draned aivay fromthe test surface, This will preveat any Indications being washedaway, Depending on the material being tested. is surface condition and magnetic permeability indications will ormally remain on thesurface oven after removal of the magnetic cd die to rosidual magnetism ‘within the part (mainly atthe location ofthe poles). However, the presence of residual magnetista sh §ot be presumed and post evaluation techngjues after removal of the prime magnetic held source are nly permitted wien a component has been proven by an overall performance test to retain magnetic 5.10 Overall performance test ‘Whica specified an overall porformance test ofthe system sensitivity foreach procedure shale carried out on site The performance test shall be designed to ensure a proper functioning ol the entire chain of parameters incuding the equipment, the magnetic held stenglh and direction, surface characteristic, Aletection media and Uursinaion. ‘The mest rliale test sto use representative test pieces containing real imperfections of known type, location, sizeand size-cistrbution. Where ese are not avalabl, fabricated test peces with artical Imperfections or fux shunting indicators ofthe eress or disc orshim-type may be Usb. ‘The test pieces shall he demagnetized and free from indications resulting from previoustests, NOTE ean be rocosery to poriorm an overall pecformance txt ofthe sytem constvityforesch specific 5.11 False indications False indications which may snask rolevant indications can arise for many reasons, such as changes in ‘magnetic permeabiity, very important geometry variation infor example, the neataectedzone.Waere masking suspected, the test surface shall be dressed or altemabve test metho should be ust 5.12 Recording of indications Indications canbe recorded in one more af the fllawing ways by using: 2) description in writing: b) sketches, 10 (© 80 2018- ag eseneeSEN SO 17638:2016 150 17638:2016(E) 9) photogrepty 4) teansparentadhesivetape ©) wansparere varnish for"Troczing” the indication an the surface tested: 1) peetattecantrast coating: 18) videorecording: 1) magnetic partic dispersioninan epoxy curate resin 1) magnetic tapes: J) dectroniescanning. 5.13 Demagnetization -Aflr testing wolds with alternating current, residusl maj will generals be no need far demagnetization ofthe abject demagnetization is required, it shall be carried out usinga defined method and toa predefined level For metal cutting processes, typical residual field strength value of I< 4 kA/m is recommended. 5.14 Test report | test report shal he prepared ‘The report should contain atleast the following: 4) name ofthe company carrying ut the test b) theabjec tested 9) cateortesung: 4) paren: andweldmaterials; 9 1) type otjoint: 1) materatthickness; hy weldingprocessies: |} temperature of the test object and the detection media (when using media in circulation) throughout testing duration; ny postwweld neattreatment; |) entity ofthe test procedure and description ofthe parameters used including the following: — typeotmagaetzation = vypeofcurrent; — detection medi — viewing conditions; 10) éotalls and results ofthe overall performance test. whereapplicable: 1) aceeptanceleveksBS EN ISO 17638:2016 180 17638:2016(E) 1m) description and location ofall recordable indications tn) test results with reference to acceptance levels, ©) names, relevant qualification and signatures of personnel who carried out the test.BS EN SO 176382016 150 17638:2016(E) Annex A (informative) Variables affecting the sensitivity of magnetic particle testing ‘AL Surface conditions and preparation ‘The maximum test sensitivity that can be achieved by any magnetic testing method is dependent fon many variables but can be seriously affected by the surface roughness of the object and any lnregularities present In some cases it can be necessary to dross undercut and surface ireegularities by grinding, and reduce the weld re Surfaces covered with a thin non-Jerromagnetic coatings up to 5D um thickness may be tested provided the colour is contrasting with the colour ofthe detection mediam used. Above this thickness, the sensiuvity of the metiod decreases and may be demonstrated to be suflicienly seasiive before proceeding with dae vest A.2- Magnetizing equipment characteristics ‘Theuse of alternating current gives the best seusitivky for detecting surface imperfections. ‘Yokes produce an adequate magncticfield in simple butt welds but where the flux isreduced by gepsor the paths excessive through the ebject asin jiatsa reduction of sensitivity can vecur For complex joint configurations. branch connections with an inclined angle of less than 90°, testing using yokes might be inadequate. Preds or cable wrapping with curreat fw will, in these cases, prove more suitable. A. Magnetic field strength and permeability ‘The field strength required to produce an indication strong enough to be detected during magnetic particle testing is dependent mainly on the magnetic permeability of tie objec. Generally, magnetic permeability Is high in softer magnetic materials, for example, low alley stests ‘and low in harder magnetic materials, c-martensitiestee's. Because permeability isa function of the ‘magnetizing current low permeability materials usually require application of alhigher magnetization value than do soteralloys te produce the same Mux density. Its ezsental,thorefore, to establish that Fux density values are adequate before beginning the magnetic particle tesing, AA Detection media “Magnetic particle suspensions will usually give a higher sensitivity for detecting surface impedfections thaa dry powders. Fluorescent magnetic detection media usually givea higher test sensitivity than colour contrast media, because of te higher contrast beween the darxened background and the Nuorescent indication. The ‘sensitivity of the fluorescent method will, nevertheless, eerease in proportion to any increase m the roughress of the surface to which magnetic partisles adhere and can cause a disturbing background tuorescence.[BS EN ISO 17638:2016 180 17638:2016(E) ‘Where the background illumination cannot be adequately lowered or where background fluorescence {s disturbing, coloured detection media in conjunction with the smoothing effect ofa contrast aid will usually give better sensitivity.SEN ISO 17638:2015 150 17630:2016(E) Bibliography [1] 150 9712, Now destructive testing — Qualfication and erticotion of NDT personnel [2) 180 12707,.Non-destrucve testing — Magnetic particle testing — Vocabulary IB) 180 17535, Now destructive testing of weds — General rues for metallic materiais [4] 15029270, Now-destrucive testing of weds — Magnetic particle testing — Acceptance levels