Lexical rules in English refer to the principles that govern the formation and structure of words.

Here
are some key lexical rules in English:

1. Affixation: Words can be formed by adding prefixes (e.g., "un-" in "unhappy") or suffixes (e.g., "-er"
in "teacher") to existing words.

2. Compounding: Words can be created by combining two or more existing words (e.g., "blackboard"
or "sunflower").

3. Conversion: Words can change their grammatical category without any affixation (e.g., "to email"
(verb) vs. "an email" (noun)).

4. Derivation: Words can be formed by adding derivational affixes to change the meaning or
grammatical category of a base word (e.g., "friend" (noun) to "friendly" (adjective)).

5. Inflection: Words can change their form to indicate grammatical features such as tense, number,
or gender (e.g., "cat" to "cats" or "run" to "ran").

6. Reduplication: Words can be formed by repeating all or part of a base word (e.g., "bye-bye" or
"flip-flop").

7. Backformation: Words can be created by removing what appears to be an affix from an existing
word (e.g., "editor" from "editorial").

8. Clipping: Words can be shortened by removing one or more syllables (e.g., "photo" from
"photograph").

9. Acronyms and Initialisms: Words can be formed from the initial letters or syllables of a phrase
(e.g., "NASA" for "National Aeronautics and Space Administration" or "COVID" for "coronavirus
disease").

10. Onomatopoeia: Words can imitate or represent sounds (e.g., "buzz" or "meow").

These rules, among others, contribute to the richness and flexibility of the English language's lexical
system.