Music

Lesson 1 Music of Negritos

Negritos
• oldest inhabitants of the Philippines.
• largest group of in numbers reside in Zambales.
• live in temporary houses built in camps, river-beds, and they move from camp
to camp.

LUZON
• one of the three major islands in the Philippines.
• largest island in the country and the fifteenth in the world.
NORTHERN LUZON
• Characterized by a flat terrain extending east from the coastline toward the
Cordillera mountain range.

• Music sung and played by the Negritos reflects their celebration of life-from birth, childhood, courtship,
marriage, to death– their beliefs and traditions, (rituals, other ceremonies such as hunting, good harvest,
etc.) and recreation.
• Gitaha
-small type made of a palm midrib with two strings.
• Palat
-much bigger type
-real hunting bow made of the hard core of a palm tree.

Pinatubo Negrito of Botolan and Villar in Zambales has the following musical instruments:
1. Bayig- musical bow
2. Kulibaw- jaw harp
3. Balakhiw- paired-string zither
4. Bulungudyung- stamping tubes with four holes on one side and one on the other.

Songs are named:

1. Daruru- love song
2. Talbun- sung for festive occasions (weddings)

Ayta Magbukin instruments are:

Barimbaw- bamboo jaw harp

Palay- flat gongs
Banghiq/bangsiq- flute

Uso-sung in a ritual kagun to cure the sick or while working.

Amba-song for marriage ceremony
Ingalu-lament for a dead person

Negrito or Abyan or Kabihog in Camarines Norte, Bikol Peninsula instruments include:

1. Kurimbaw- musical bow
2. Subing- jaw harp
3. Kalutang- pair of percussion sticks
4. Bagakay- flute

Magahat in Negros Occidental instruments include:

Kitara- guitar played for spirits diwata
Batak in Palawan include:
Aruding- jaw harp
Sabagan- single percussion beam
Kudlung- bamboo zither
Lantoy- nose flute
Patigunggung- paired-string zither
Tipanu- flute with six holes
Budyung- shell trumpet

Mamanua in NE Mindanao instruments include:

Subing- jaw harp
Agung- gong
Kudlong- two-string zither
Gimbar- drum
Koqos- one-string fiddle
Bonabon and polundag- lip-valley flutes

Health
NUTRITIONAL GUIDELINES FOR FILIPINOS APPROPRIATE DURING PUBERTY

10 NUTRITIONAL GUIDELINES APPROPRIATE FOR FILIPINOS

DURING PUBERTY
1.Eat a variety of food every day to get the nutrients needed by the body.
-The human body needs more than forty different nutrients for good health.
-Variety of food is important b
ecause it is the best way of ensuring that all the nutrients a person needs are obtained.
2.Breastfeed infants exclusively from birth to six months, then give appropriate complementary food while
continuing breastfeeding for two years and beyond for optimum growth and
development.
3.Maintain children’s normal growth through proper diet and monitor their growth regularly.
-During adolescence period, food is the fuel for rapid growth and development.
-Boys gain more height and lean body mass than girls.
4.Consume fish, lean meat, poultry, dried beans, or nuts daily for growth and repair of body tissues.
5.Eat more vegetables and fruits every day to get the essential vitamins, minerals, and fiber for regulation
of body processes.
6.Eat food cooked in edible/cooking oil daily.
Antioxidants
-chemical substances that reduce the danger of oxygen-free radicals and make free radicals less toxic.
7.Consume milk, dairy products, and other calcium-rich food such as small fish and shellfish every day for
healthy bones and teeth.
8.Use iodized salt to prevent iodine deficiency disorders.
9.Consume safe food and water to prevent diarrhea and other food and waterborne diseases.
10.Be physically active, make healthy food choices, manage stress, avoid alcoholic beverages, and do not
smoke to help prevent lifestyle-related non communicable diseases.

NUTRIOTIONAL PROBLEMS IN ADOLESCENTS

ENERGY BALANCE
-The balance between the calories you take in and the calories you burn.

METABOLISM
-process wherein body breaks
Down substances and gets energy from food.
-process that converts the food
You eat into fuel for your body.

MALNUTRITION
-being overweight and underweight are both
Indicative of malnutrition.

Overweight: your risk for heart disease,

Cancer, asthma, gallbladder disease,
Osteoarthritis, or diabetes mellitus increases.

Underweight: you may feel weak, get tired

Easily, and have trouble concentrating.

OBESITY- associated with serious

Health risks.
- Having excess body fat.

HEALTHY WAYS TO LOSE WEIGHT

1. Eat fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

These food supply nutrients and have fewer
Calories.
2. Eat the right portion of food from
Each major food group.
½ Vegetables and Salad
¼ Good quality protein
¼ Complex carbohydrates
3. Avoid eating foods that are high in fats and sugars because these foods have calories but do not have
sufficient nutrients.
4. Eat in moderation.
5. Engage in physical activities. Do some
Walking, dancing, swimming, cycling, or sports, or just walk up and down a staircase.
6.Drink eight glasses of water a day.

HEALTHY WAYS TO GAIN WEIGHT

1.Choose foods from the five major food

Groups that are higher in caloric content. Also, eat more nuts, dried fruits, and cheese because these are
high in calories and rich in nutrients.
3. Eat healthy snacks more often so that your
Daily caloric intake may increase. Do not forget to engage in regular physical activities.
4. Exercising will ensure that most of the weight you gain becomes muscle rather than fat.

MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES

Micronutrients-nutrients that the body requires but only in small dosages everyday.

The five micronutrients that the body needs are iron, chromium, copper, iodine, and zinc.

IRON DEFICIENCY
-failure to get enough iron can lead to anemia, which results in tiredness and weakened resistance against
infections.

Food: Meat, beans, leafy veggies, wheat

Bread, and tofu

CHROMIUM DEFFICIENCY
Chromium helps keep the amount of glucose or sugar in the blood at the right levels. Without chromium,
you may suffer from cold sweats, frequent hunger, and a constant desire to eat or drink.

Food: wheat bread, peas, oysters, potatoes

COPPER DEFICIENCY
Copper works with iron to keep the bones, blood vessels, and nerves functioning well. It also helps form
hemoglobin.

Copper deficiency leads to digestive problems and body weakness.

Food: Shellfish, nuts, soy beans, and chicken

IODINE DEFICIENCY
Iodine helps your body feel energized. It also regulates your metabolism.

Lack of iodine results in low energy levels.

Food: Table salt, fruits, and vegetables grown in coastal areas near bodies of saltwater.

ZINC DEFICIENCY
Zinc is present in all parts of the body. It helps in wound healing, keeps skin healthy, and protects against
infections.

Zinc deficiency results in hair loss and fatigue, as well as delayed wound healing.

Food: dairy products, beans, nuts, and whole grain cereals.

Common Eating Disorders:

1. Anorexia Nervosa
2. Bulimia Nervosa
3. Compulsive Eating Disorder

1. Anorexia Nervosa- a person does not eat enough food to maintain a healthy body weight.

Reasons:
-Certain fear of weight gain that leads the
person to starve himself/herself.
-Need to be accepted and need to achieve something.

Behaviors:
a. Avoiding eating food, eating only small
Amount of food
b. weighing or counting the calories they eat
c. exercising too much
d. weighing themselves too much

Symptoms: extreme weight loss, dry skin,

Decreased heart rate, decreased body
Temperature, and decreased blood pressure.
 2. Bulimia Nervosa- involves uncontrolled cycle of overeating and purging, or attempts to remove the
food from the body.

Health risk: dehydration, kidney failure, inflamed throat, and swollen gums.

In severe cases, the body suffers from a

Chemical imbalance, which can lead to heart
Failure and death.

3. Compulsive Eating Disorder- also called “binge eating disorder”

-have uncontrollable urges to eat large

Amounts of foods.

Health risk: excessive weight gain and

Unhealthy dieting.

Good luck, Kaya Niyo Yan, AA!!!

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