Analytical Biochemistry Diploma

Report on
Flame photometer

Prepared by

Hesham Abdallah Morsy sharaf

Under supervision

Prof.Dr. Ibrahim El- sayed Ahmed

Number: 611
Flame photometer
 Introduction

A flame photometer is a laboratory instrument used for the quantitative analysis of

certain metal ions in a solution. It operates based on the principle of atomic
emission spectroscopy.

Principles

1. A sample solution containing metal ions is aspirated into a flame,

typically a hydrogen or an air-acetylene flame.

2. The heat of the flame causes the metal ions to vaporize and then
undergo atomization, where they are converted into free atoms.

3. These atoms are then excited to higher energy levels by the heat of
the flame.

4. As the excited atoms return to their ground state, they emit

characteristic wavelengths of light.

5. The emitted light is passed through a monochromator to isolate the

specific wavelength of light corresponding to the metal being analyzed.

6. The intensity of the emitted light is then measured by a detector, and

this intensity is directly proportional to the concentration of the metal
ion in the sample.
 Types

There are several types of flame photometers, each designed for specific
applications and with varying features. Some common types include:
1. Single-channel flame photometer: This is the most basic type of flame
photometer, capable of measuring the intensity of emitted light at a single
wavelength. It is suitable for routine analysis of a single metal ion in a
sample.
2. Multi-channel flame photometer: This type of flame photometer can
measure the intensity of emitted light at multiple wavelengths
simultaneously. It allows for the analysis of multiple metal ions in a single
sample, providing faster analysis times and increased throughput.
3. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer-flame photometer hybrid: Some
advanced instruments combine the capabilities of flame photometry with
atomic absorption spectroscopy. These hybrid instruments offer the flexibility
to analyze samples using either flame photometry or atomic absorption
spectroscopy, depending on the specific requirements of the analysis.

4. Portable flame photometer: Designed for on-site analysis, portable flame

photometers are compact and lightweight instruments that can be easily
transported to remote locations. They are ideal for field applications such as
environmental monitoring or on-site testing in industrial settings.

These are just a few examples of flame photometer types, and there may be other
specialized variants available depending on the specific needs of the application.
 Conclusion

In conclusion, flame photometry is a valuable analytical technique used for the

quantitative analysis of metal ions in various samples. By measuring the intensity
of light emitted by metal ions when subjected to a flame, flame photometers
provide accurate and reliable results. This technique offers several advantages,
including high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, and relatively simple operation.
Throughout this discussion, we explored the principles of flame photometry,
including the process of atomization, excitation, and emission of metal ions in the
flame. We also discussed the components of a typical flame photometer and the
factors that can affect the accuracy and precision of measurements. Additionally,
we highlighted the various applications of flame photometry across different
industries, including environmental monitoring, clinical diagnostics,
pharmaceuticals, and metallurgy. Its versatility and ease of use make flame
photometry a valuable tool for laboratories and industries worldwide. Overall,
flame photometry continues to play a crucial role in analytical chemistry,