Słowotwórstwo

Zadanie 1.
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 IT ALL ADDS UP!
Additives make food 0. safer by preventing bacterial
1._________________ and other chemical changes; or they
may only improve the 2._______________of the food. Safety
tests are carried out on all additives to 3. ______________
they do not harm human health. Nevertheless, most of us
still worry about the 4._________________of additives in our
food, 5.___________________those with complex names.
Although they are not 6._______________to our health, it's
only 7.________________that we worry about what we don't
understand. So, the more we know about additives, the
more we know about what we're eating. In the end,
it's a professional 8.____________________- many people
9.________________ prefer to eat food that contains as few
10.________________chemicals as possible. After all, if you
had the time and skill, you'd probably love to have home-
grown, home-cooked meals every day rather than store-
bought foods, wouldn't you?
Zadanie 2.
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 SAY IT WITH FLOWERS!
Flower arranging is becoming 0. increasingly popular as
a hobby for people of all ages and from all backgrounds.
This is hardly 1.________________since there are so many
benefits to it. Apart from being 2.________________and fun,
flower arranging is also a great stress 3.________________.
What's more, 4._______________a lot of other hobbies, you
don't need a lot of special 5.__________________. You can
use flowers from your own garden or you can buy
some 6.__________________flowers. Imagine the sense of
7._________________you will get from being able to create
8.________________floral designs for your own home. And
don't forget, flower arrangements also make the perfect gift
for so many 9.______________occasions, such as birthdays,
anniversaries, get well wishes or to simply say, "I love you!"
Once you learn to position the flowers and foliage
10.__________________, you can make eye-catching floral
designs. Imagine the thrill of being able to say "I made it
myself!"
Zadanie 3.
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 EXOTIC PETS
Thinking of getting an 0. unusual pet? Well before
you rush out and buy that cute-looking lizard or that
1._______________spider, there are a few things you need
to know. Firstly, it is 2._________________in the UK to own
certain species, so check that you don't need a permit.
Secondly, most exotic pets have special 3.______________
requirements and may need to be fed with foods that are hard
to find or that you feel 4._______________handling, such as
5._______________mice or live bugs. You also need to think
about the pets' 6._________________needs. Some species
are potentially 7.___________________to people and other
animals, so you will have to keep them away from your other
pets and family members. On the other hand, some species
become 8.________________if they are kept alone. Finally,
think about what will happen if your exotic pet gets sick. Vets
who specialise in exotic animals are hard to find, and the cost
of 9.____________________is likely to be higher than that
of a more 10._________________pet.
Zadanie 4.
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 THE EUROVISION SONG CONTEST
For those of you who don't know, the Eurovision Song
Contest is a 0. yearly competition organised by the
state-owned TV channels of 1.________________nations to
find the 2.__________________new popular song. The first
Eurovision Song Contest was held in Switzerland in 1956
when only seven countries took part, and it was watched
by less than five million 3.__________________. Today, the
contest is one of the most-watched single events in the world.
At 4. _______300 million people watch the contest in Europe,
as well as in Asia and North America. In 2001, ninety-five
percent of the Danish public -the highest 5.____________in
Europe - watched the contest. Although the British don't take
the contest quite so 6.________________, the UK is the most
7._____________Eurovision nation. Ireland have won more
often, with seven victories to the UK's five, but the UK has
finished second an 8.____________fifteen times. Although,
the contestants are 9._____________unknown singers and
musicians, some of the 10.____________names in the music
industry, such as Celine Dion and Elton John, began their
careers performing and writing songs for the contest.
Zadanie 9.
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 TRAVELLING
1.______________travel has never been easier. Every year
nearly 700 million trips are made abroad. Developing
countries are 2._____________turning to the tourist dollar to
improve national 3.______________and create jobs. But the
search for 4._____________places brings visitors to some of
the world's most fragile and beautiful environments.
Providing facilities such as flush toilets, air 5._____________,
swimming pools and golf courses may affect regions which
suffer from water and power 6.______________. Air transport
is also one of the world's fastest growing sources of the
7._____________gases which contribute to climate change.
By some measures 8.______________is the world's largest
industry. But it is also one of the 9.______________regulated
industries. Can we treat it both as a 10.________________
source and guard nature against the risks of our increasing
appetite for holidays?
Zadanie 10.
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 MAHATMA GANDHI
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was a political 1.__________
fighting for India's independence from Britain. Most of
Gandhi's actions were 2._____________because the British
did not know how to act against an enemy who was not
violent. Gandhi's method was passive 3._______________
because he believed that acts of violence against the
British only provoked a 4.____________________reaction.
The media all over the world talked about Gandhi and his
actions. 5.__________________there would not have been
enough public 6.______________________upon the British
officials. Gandhi is known for his 7.___________________to
reject British goods and buy Indian goods instead. He was
8.________________several times. While in prison, he went
on hunger strikes. His fame was such that his
9.__________________in prison would cause international
criticism in the media. He was assassinated by a fanatic, who
shot him at his 10. __________________________prayer.
Zadanie 11.
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 TAMBORA - THE GREATEST VOLCANIC ERUPTION IN
RECORDED HISTORY
About every thousand years, a volcano erupts 1._________
on the planet with enough power to 2._________________
change the global climate for years 3. ________________.
Large quantities of dust are thrown into the atmosphere,
4.______________the Sun's rays from reaching the ground.
Universal crop 5._________________ occur, temperatures
drop 6.____________________, and living creatures across
the globe die off in large numbers. Such an event
occurred in 1815, on the island of Sumbawa in Indonesia:
the 7.____________________of the great Tambora volcano.
It lies just east of the popular tourist 8.__________________
of Bali and Lombok. The eruption occurred when ocean
water reacted with magma deep inside in the volcano,
causing a 9. ___________________build-up of pressure.
10.__________________the pressure became too powerful
and the mountain literally blew itself apart.
Zadanie 12.
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 ORGANIC COFFEE
More and more coffee 1._________________are promoting
organic coffee as an alternative to conventional coffee. That
type is grown without using chemicals and the land is
2._______________with compost. The farmers also benefit
economically from 3._______________crops that are grown
with organic coffee, such as fruit and nut trees. Organic
coffee is 4.___________________ grown under a tree that
filters the sun. Coffees that grow in the shade also have the
5.________________to mature more slowly, which produces
a superior taste. 6._________________, shade-tree growing
used to be the traditional way of growing coffee. In contrast,
conventional 'full sun' coffee, which was developed to
increase the 7._____________________of the soil, is grown
without tree cover to allow the coffee^ plants to be grown
8.____________________together. Additional substances
must then be used to compensate for the lack of natural
9._______________. They are also used to ensure biological
10.________________________.
Zadanie 13.
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 COUNTRY PROFILE: JAMAICA
From each glorious morning 1.______________to the setting
of the sun, Jamaica presents a kaleidoscope of beauty. It is
a land of unique experiences, inspiring 2._______________
and a welcoming people. Jamaica is the birthplace of
Rastafarianism, a 3.__________movement whose followers
greatly respect the former Ethiopian 4._____________Haile
Selassie I. Once regarded as a 5._______________threat,
Rastafarianism became an important part of Jamaica's
culture. Jamaica's political 6.___________________, as well
as its rich culture, best known for its reggae music and its
7._________musical ambassador Bob Marley, contrast with
widespread crime and 8.________________. The country is
struggling to 9._____________lawlessness which has given
it one of the world's 10._____________murder rates.
Zadanie 14.
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 WARNINGS AGAINST ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
Alternative medicines are becoming more and more popular.
Yet their 1.___________________has to be tested. In Britain
the Department of Health provides the public with
2.______________information about alternative therapies.
Its recent report said: "There is a clear need for more
3._______________for the public as to what does or does not
work and what is or not is safe in 4.____________________
medicine. Alternative therapists should face tougher laws
and more 5._______________________tests to prove their
6._____________- really work. Virtually anyone can set
themselves up as a practitioner, and then practice
uncontrolled." 7._______________say this policy will cause
some remedies to disappear from the shelves. Patients need
to realize that although there is growing evidence that some
alternative medicines do help the patients 8._____________,
scientific literature is 9.________________tiny compared to
conventional medicine. If the public grows more critical of
alternative medicine, many therapists will be forced to
10.________________from the business.
Zadanie 15.
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 AN EXTRACT FROM THE REMAINS OF THE DAY BY
KAZUO ISHIGURO
It seems 1.___________________________likely that I will
2.________________________the expedition that has been
3._________________my imagination now for some days.
An expedition which, as I 4.______________it, will take me
through much of the finest countryside of England. The idea
of such a journey came from my 5.__________, Mr Farraday.
At first I, did not take his suggestion seriously, regarding it as
just another instance of his 6.______________with what was
7.___________done what and was not done in England. My
attitude to this suggestion has 8.___________a change. This
change may be attributed to the 9.______________of Miss
Kenton's letter, her first in almost seven years if one
discounts 10.______________Christmas cards. But let me
explain further...
Zadanie 16.
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 THE MONARCHY OWES A GREAT DEBT TO DIANA
Shakespeare told the story at least four times. It is the
tragedy of a 1._______________young woman, betrayed by
events, who dies young. This is the core of the story of
Ophelia, of Juliet, of Desdemona and of Cleopatra. Their
tragedies moved Shakespeare and still move us because
there are 2._______________correspondences to one of the
most important human experiences. The Princess changed
and 3.______________the opportunities for the future of the
British monarchy. She 4._______________the spirit of duty
which is so 5.___________in the Queen with her own blend of
romance, compassion and vulnerability. She was the
people's Princess because she had such strong
6.________with people. In a different world, she might have
become the people's Queen. The monarchy of the 21st
century shows her influence and that is more likely
to grow than to 7. _______________. There will always be
8.__________caused by her unexpected death. Diana will
9.________be remembered by generations to come and will
remain for many people a major, if not 10.______________,
figure in the history of post-war England.
Zadanie 17.
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 STATUESQUE
Warsaw 1._____________finally have a chance to admire
contemporary sculpture in an urban space. For two and a half
months Zamkowy Square will be enlivened by sculptures
by Igor Mitoraj, a well-known Polish sculptor, whose works
enjoy 2.____________popularity in England. They stand next
to modern skyscrapers on London's Canary Wharf.
Unfortunately, in 3.____________to the attention he is given
abroad, his works are 4._____________in his home country.
The sculptures have already visited Poznań and Cracow.
In both cities, they were regarded as 5._____________and
controversial. The reactions ranged from delight to
6.______________of promoting kitsch. The main part of the
exhibition is on display at the Royal Castle, the President's
Palace and the Kordegarda Gallery. The sculptures will
definitely be an 7.______________experience for everybody.
The leaflet accompanying the exhibition 8.______________
the development of Mitoraj's career, as well as his
9._______________inspirations.
Zadanie 18.
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 WOMEN ARTISTS
Painting was an 1._________career for a woman in Victorian
times. Men held the power in art as 2.______________ and
dictated what was a 3.______________subject for women to
paint. Nudes, for example, were not considered 4.________
and women were not allowed to go to life 5.______________
classes. Because the painters focused on landscape, it was
possible for women to make a 6._____________in that field.
They often painted their 7._____________, and this domestic
8.______________ corresponded to the belief that woman's
place was in the home. The two women artists included in the
show are Rosa Brett and Joanna Boyce. Joanna Boyce was
described as a "9.________________gifted woman" but her
desire to paint 10.________________came into conflict with
domestic duties.
Zadanie 19.
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 GOLO RUSH
Although there were many gold rushes in world history, the
California gold rush was a unique event. 1. __________other
places, the gold in California was both 2._____________and
easy to get, at least at first. Gold was first discovered in
California by James Marshall in early 1848. Later that
year, gold 3.________________from the west coast started
working on the American River, where Marshall first saw the
4.____________metal. Soon, news spread eastward and by
1849 thousands were going to California. Some traveled
5._____________while others traveled by ship around South
America. Still others took 6._____________across Panama
and Mexico. 7. ___________________of the route, it was
a very difficult journey. The influence of the gold rush is
8.____________. First, gold brought people from around the
world who stayed to form the multi-cultural society of
California. Secondly, the gold rush pulled America westward,
9.____________that California and the rest of the west would
become part of the United States. Lastly, the gold rush
awakened America to the idea of high risk, which is one of the
10.___________of capitalism.
Zadanie 20.
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 "PINGERS" TO PROTECT PORPOISES AND
DOLPHINS IN THE BALTIC
Brussels is riding to the rescue of dolphins and porpoises,
demanding the 1._______________of driftnets and the use
of special acoustic "pingers" which emit noises that function
as 2._____________to the cetaceans. The moves will prove
3.______________for harbour porpoises, the most critically
4.______________mammals in the Baltic. These measures
will also 5._________________that fishing activities do not
6. ____________________the mammals, while increasing
7.____________________of the interaction between these
species and fishing gear. The 8.____________mark another
significant victory in the ongoing battle" to develop fishing
techniques that are not harmful to marine 9.______________.
The new regulations have met with the 10._______________
of the fishers as well.