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<Q> Which of the following statements regarding dentine bonding is/ are FALSE: a. Dentine etching is best avoided because of the possible damaging effect of acids on vital dentine. b. Current bonding agents are designed to bond to calcium ions of dentine. c. Dentine primers are bifunctional monomers dissolved in organic solvents d. Dentinal collagen is believed to play an important role with current bonding systems. <S>N <C>a <C+>a + b <C>a + b + d <C>b <C>a + b + c <Q> All of the following statements regarding self-etching primers are true EXCEPT: <S>Y <C> They have been developed by using acidic monomers that can etch and prime at the same time <C> Self-etching primers simplify bonding procedures and reduce the risk of etched surface being contaminated <C+> Self-etching primers perform as well on enamel as that of 37% phosphoric acid <C> The smear layer is selectively decalcified but not completely removed with self-etching primers <C> Rinsing and drying steps are eliminated with self-etching primers <Q> Which of the following is least likely to affect the effectiveness of enamel etching: <S>Y <C>Acid concentration <C+>Acid formulation <C>Acid type <C>Etching time <C>Enamel prophylaxis <Q> All of the following statements regarding bonding agents are true EXCEPT: <S>Y <C>They consist primarily of hydrophobic monomers. <C>The bond between tooth structure and bonding agent is micromechanical in nature. 2|Page

<C>The bond between bonding agent and composite resin is chemical in nature. <C+>They are highly viscous monomers. <C>Bonding agent and primer may be supplied in one bottle. <Q> Acid etching enhances enamel bonding by all of the following effects EXCEPT: <S>Y <C> Increasing the surface area available for bonding <C> Removal of surface debris <C+>Reducing the surface energy of enamel for enhanced wetting <C> Producing microspaces into which the resin can penetrate to form tag-like extensions <C> Removal of a shallow layer of enamel surface about 10m deep <Q>Previous attempts to bond to dentine were not predictable for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: <S>Y <C>Avoiding smear layer removal <C>Avoiding dentin etching <C>Bonding to the inorganic component of dentine <C+>Using HEMA as a primer <C>Bonding to the smear layer <Q>Which of the following monomers has the least viscosity? <S>Y <C>Urethane dimethacrylate <C+>Triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate <C>Methylmethacrylate <C>Bisphenolglycidylmethacrylate <C>All of the other choices have similar viscosities <Q> Fillers in resin composite serve all the following functions EXCEPT: <S>Y <C>increased hardness <C>Increased strength <C+>Increased polymerization shrinkage <C>Increased dimensional stability during thermal changes <C>Provide radiopacity <Q>Which of the following statements regarding composite polymerization is FALSE? <S>Y <C>Composite polymerization is a free radical addition polymerization reaction 3|Page

<C>Composite polymerization is inhibited by Oxygen, Zinc oxide eugenole and <C>Hydroquinone <C+>Camphoroquinone is the polymerization initiator in chemically activated composites <C>In the polymerization reaction carbon-carbon double bonds are converted to single bonds <C>The polymerized composite contains some carbon-carbon double bonds <Q>Which of the following statements is TRUE? <S>Y <C>Microfilled composites are used in stress-bearing areas <C>Micofilled composites can be polished to high lusture but lose smoothness after a short time <C>Macrofilled composites are increasing in popularity as they are stronger than other types <C+>Hybrid composites have wider range of applications than microfilled composites <C>Hybrid composites are more wear resistant than amalgam <Q>Which of the following statements regarding polymerization shrinkage is/ are FALSE: a.Polymerization shrinkage is a major disadvantage of resin composite materials b. Composite materials shrink by about 5-9% of their original volume c.Polymerization shrinkage can result in marginal gaps and secondary caries d. Polymerization shrinkage may cause flexure in tooth structure resulting in postoperative sensitivity e.Polymerization shrinkage also occur in bonding agents <S>N <C+>b <C>d + e <C>e <C>b + e <C>b + c + d + e <Q> The efficiency of composite polymerization is influenced by which of the following: a. the intensity of the light curing unit b. the proximity of light tip to composite restoration c. the use of incremental placement technique d. the age of the curing unit e. the composition of the material 4|Page

<S>N <C+>all of the above choices <C>a + b <C>a + b + e <C>a + b + d + e <C>a + b + c

<Q>What is the main reason that all remnants of dental amalgam should be removed from the amalgam condenser and amalgam carver instruments before they are sterilized in an autoclave (machine using steam at high temperature and pressure) ? <S>Y <C>The steam causes the amalgam to fuse to the stainless steel. <C>Amalgam corrosion products produced by the steam are toxic. <C+>The heat causes mercury vapor to be released from the amalgam. <C>The heat melts the silver component and it will close the drain of the autoclave.

<Q>The fact that mercury makes up a large portion of dental amalgam has caused concerns about <S>Y <C>Its safety for patient use <C>Risks to the dentist and dental assistant <C>Environmental effects of amalgam waste that has been improperly thrown away <C+>All of the other choices <Q>How does tarnish differ from corrosion? <S>Y <C+>Tarnish occurs only on the surface of the restoration <C>Tarnish is more harmful to the restoration than corrosion <C>Tarnish contributes to the destructive effects seen in the gamma1 phase <C>Tarnish cannot be removed by polishing, but corrosion can <Q> True or false? In high-copper dental amalgam, Copper reacts with the Tin to create a strong phase. This prevents the tin from reacting with the mercury to create a weak phase. <S>Y 5|Page

<C+>True <C>False <Q>Which is the gamma-2 phase? <S>Y <C>Ag3Sn <C>Ag2Hg3 <C>AgCu <C>Cu6Sn5 <C+>Sn7,8Hg

<Q>Regarding the basic constituents of dental amalgam, which of the following is TRUE: a. Silver increases strength and decreases expansion b. Tin decreases strength and increases expansion c. Copper increases strength and decreases corrosion <S>N <C>a <C>b <C>c <C>a + b <C>b + c <C+>a + c <C>a + b + c <C>none of the above <Q>Regarding the basic constituents of dental amalgam, which of the following is FALSE: a. More mercury is required for lathe-cut alloys than spherical alloys b. Palladium reduces corrosion and Indium reduces creep c. Zinc reduces the oxidation and corrosion of the amalgam restoration <S>N <C>a <C>b <C+>c <C>a + b <C>b + c <C>a + c <C>a + b + c <C>none of the above <Q>Regarding high-copper dental amalgam, which is TRUE 6|Page

a. In the amalgamation reaction, copper ties up tin to prevent gamma-2 phase formation b. Copper helps reduce creep c. Both admixed and single-phase high-copper dental amalgam alloy powders contain more than 6 wt% copper <S>N <C>a <C>b <C>c <C>a + b <C>b + c <C>a + c <C+>a + b + c <C>none of the above <Q>Regarding conventional low-copper dental amalgam, which is TRUE a. The unreacted gamma phase is the strongest phase and has the greatest percentage volume in the set amalgam restoration b. The gamma-1 phase is stronger than the gamma-2 phase and is present in a greater percentage volume than the gamma-2 phase in the set amalgam restoration c. The gamma-2 phase is the weakest phase and decreases in percentage volume over time due to corrosion <S>N <C>a <C>b <C>c <C>a + b <C+>b + c <C>a + c <C>a + b + c <C>none of the above <Q>Regarding amalgam restorations, which of the following statements is FALSE: a. They have high thermal and electrical conductivity b. One hour after placement, they only achieve approximately 50% of their final strength c. Spherical alloys strengthen faster than lathe-cut alloys <S>N <C>a <C>b <C>c <C>a + b 7|Page

<C>b + c <C>a + c <C>a + b + c <C+>none of the above <Q>Regarding mercury, which of the following statements is FALSE: a. It may be absorbed into the body through the skin, lungs and/or the gastrointestinal tract b. The mercury released from multiple amalgam restorations is greater than the amount of mercury exposure from the surrounding environment (food, air, and water) c. Mercury vapor is colorless, but fortunately it has a bad odor (smell) like rotten eggs (hydrogen sulfide, H2S) which allows us to notice if it is present in a room <S>N <C>a <C>b <C>c <C>a + b <C+>b + c <C>a + c <C>a + b + c <C>none of the above <Q>To maintain good mercury hygiene in the dental clinic, all of the following are true, EXCEPT: <S>Y <C>There should be proper ventilation (Arabic translation = tahwiyeh) in the clinic <C+>The floor should preferably covered with acrylic carpets to absorb any spilled mercury <C>Excess amalgam (scrap) should be stored in a sealed jar under water or other appropriate solution <C>It is a good idea to have a mercury filtration system in the clinic to prevent the mercury from reaching the environment <Q> Zinc is often added to improve dental amalgam properties. Over time, what happens to a zinc-containing lowcopper alloy if it gets moisture in it? <S>Y <C>It corrodes <C>It contracts <C+>It expands <C>It creeps <C>None of the other choices 8|Page

<C>It becomes more shiny <Q>Which of the following is FALSE: <S>Y <C+>Dental amalgam has greater tensile strength than compressive strength <C>The surface hardness of dental amalgam is less than that of enamel <C>Overfilling a Class I cavity with amalgam may result in a marginal defect called ditching <C>Lathe-cut amalgam alloys require greater force during condensation than spherical alloys <C>Polishing the amalgam restoration after 24 hrs helps improve its corrosion resistance <C>Over time, corrosion of dental amalgam helps reduce microleakage <Q>True or false? Composite material is naturally adhesive to tooth structure? <S>Y <C>True <C+>False <Q>Which of the following is NOT an advantage of Glass Ionomer materials <S>Y <C>Has inherent (chemical) adhesion to tooth structure <C>Releases fluoride ions <C>Its coefficient of thermal expansion is similar to that of natural tooth structure <C+>It has low wear resistance which helps protect the natural tooth structure

<Q>Regarding Glass Ionomer material, which is TRUE a. It is indicated for use a direct restorative material in Class 5 and root cavities b. It is indicated for use a direct restorative material in Class 2 cavities c. It is indicated for use a cavity liner or as a luting (cement) material <S>N <C>a <C>b <C>c 9|Page

<C>a + b <C>b + c <C+>a + c <C>a + b + c <C>none of the above

<Q>Regarding Conventional Glass Ionomer material, which is FALSE: a. The powder contains aluminofluorosilicate glass and the liquid contains copolymers of acrylic acid and photoinitiators b. The setting reaction is a complex acid-base reaction with water as the medium c. The hydrogel phase is more susceptible to moisture than the polysalt phase <S>N <C+>a <C>b <C>c <C>a + b <C>b + c <C>a + c <C>a + b + c <C>none of the above

<Q>Regarding Resin Modified Glass Ionomer material, which is FALSE: a. The total set Resin accounts for 45 to 60% of the final filling b. It undergoes less polymerization shrinkage than most composites c. It is able to bond to natural tooth structure by ion exchange like Conventional Glass Ionomer materials <S>N <C+>a <C>b <C>c <C>a + b <C>b + c <C>a + c <C>a + b + c <C>none of the above

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<Q>Which part of a GIC bonds to the calcium ions of the hydroxyapatite in dentine and enamel? <S>Y <C+>Carboxyl groups of the polymer chains <C>Metal ions <C>Unsaturated Carbon-Carbon bonds <C>Polymer cross-links <Q>Which of the following is NOT true about Conventional Glass Ionomer filling materials: <S>Y <C>Low flexural strength <C>Poor long-term esthetics (appearance) <C>Placement of the filling is technique-sensitive (must be done very accurately) <C>Greater compressive strength than compressive strength <C+>Poor marginal seal <Q>What is the correct order for increasing wear rate for the following materials (lowest to highest): <S>Y <C+>amalgam > composite > resin modified glass ionomer > conventional glass ionomer <C>conventional glass ionomer > resin modified glass ionomer > composite > amalgam <C>amalgam > resin modified glass ionomer > composite > conventional glass ionomer <C>amalgam > resin modified glass ionomer > conventional glass ionomer > composite <C>amalgam > composite > conventional glass ionomer > resin modified glass ionomer <C>none of the other choices <Q>Regarding Metal-Modified Glass Ionomer materials, which is FALSE: a. The powder usually contains silver or dental amalgam alloy b. It has better radioopacity than Conventional Glass Ionomers c. Fluoride release is similar or slightly less than Conventional Glass Ionomers <S>N <C>a <C>b <C>c <C>a + b <C>b + c <C>a + c 11 | P a g e

<C>a + b + c <C+>none of the above <Q>Regarding Compomers, which is FALSE: a. Bonds chemically to tooth structure like Conventional Glass Ionomers b. Contains no water c. Fluoride release is less than Conventional Glass Ionomers <S>N <C+>a <C>b <C>c <C>a + b <C>b + c <C>a + c <C>a + b + c <C>none of the above <Q>True or false? The glass particles in RM-GIC are silane coated <S>Y <C>True <C+>False <Q>True or False? A.R.T. (Atraumatic Restorative Technique) Restorations were originally developed as temporary restorations in developing countries. In this technique caries is removed with an hand instruments and restored with a Glass Ionomer material. <S>Y <C+>True <C>False

<Q>Which of the following statements is TRUE: a. Before composite bonding agent is applied to enamel, it is etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 20-30 seconds. The enamel is then washed and completely dried (dessicated) so that it has a chalky, white appearance. b. Before Conventional Glass Ionomer fillings are placed, the tooth cavity may be conditioned (etched) with 37% phosphoric acid or an organic solvent like 15% polyacrylic acid for 10 to 20 seconds. The tooth surface is then washed 12 | P a g e

and completely dried (dessicated) so that it has a chalky, white appearance. c. Etching / Conditioning the tooth surface helps remove the smear layer which will create a clean surface and promotes adhesion of the restorative material. <S>N <C>a <C>b <C>c <C>a + b <C>b + c <C+>a + c <C>a + b + c <C>none of the above <Q>True or False? Dental Investment materials are used to fabricate direct dental restorations in the mouth. <S>Y <C>True <C+>False <Q>True or False? Dental Investment materials undergo 1.5 to 2.0% contraction. This helps balance the effect of metal casting alloy expansion so that the final restoration fits accurately. <S>Y <C>True <C+>False

<Q>Regarding Dental Investment materials, which is FALSE: a. The FILLER refractory material makes up approximately two thirds of the final set investment. The filler is mainly composed of quartz and cristobalite. b. The BINDER may be gypsum, phosphate or silica. Its main function is to hold the filler particles together c. The gypsum BINDER in gypsum-bonded investment materials undergoes expansion as it changes from the betahemihydrate to the alpha-hemihydrate. <S>N <C>a <C>b <C+>c <C>a + b <C>b + c 13 | P a g e

<C>a + c <C>a + b + c <C>none of the above <Q>True or False? By using a colloidal silica solution instead of water, Silica-bonded investments may undergo greater hygroscopic expansion than Phosphate-bonded investments. <S>Y <C>True <C+>False <Q> True or False? The Binder for Phosphate-bonded investments contains Magnesium Oxide. <S>Y <C+>True <C>False <Q>Regarding Dental Investment materials, which is TRUE: a. If the melting temperature of a dental casting alloy is greater than 700 degrees Celsius, then a gypsum-bonded investment should not be used. b. Soldering investments are designed to have lower setting and thermal expansion than normal casting investments. c. If the melting temperature of a dental casting alloy is less than 1000 degrees Celsius, then a phosphate-bonded investment can be used. <S>N <C>a <C>b <C>c <C>a + b <C>b + c <C>a + c <C+>a + b + c <C>none of the above

Special thanks for our colleague : Oryb Rabadi Good Luck

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