CNG Course Book 2023 - Csa b109.1.21

CSA B109.
1:21
Compressed natural gas vehicle

installation code
Licensed to/autorisé à Caeden Watkins, cwatkins@bctransit.com.

Sold by/vendu par CSA Group/Groupe CSA on/le 2023-03-28. ~Single user license only. Storage, copying, distribution or use on
REVISED DECEMBER 2021
network prohibited. Le stockage, reproduction, la distribution, ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
Legal Notice for Standards
Canadian Standards Association (operating as “CSA Group”) develops standards through a consensus standards development process approved
by the Standards Council of Canada. This process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus
and develop a standard. Although CSA Group administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in achieving consensus, it does
not independently test, evaluate, or verify the content of standards.
Disclaimer and exclusion of liability

This document is provided without any representations, warranties, or conditions of any kind, express or implied, including, without limitation,
implied warranties or conditions concerning this document’s fitness for a particular purpose or use, its merchantability, or its non-infringement
of any third party’s intellectual property rights. CSA Group does not warrant the accuracy, completeness, or currency of any of the information
published in this document. CSA Group makes no representations or warranties regarding this document’s compliance with any applicable
statute, rule, or regulation.
IN NO EVENT SHALL CSA GROUP, ITS VOLUNTEERS, MEMBERS, SUBSIDIARIES, OR AFFILIATED COMPANIES, OR THEIR EMPLOYEES, DIRECTORS,
OR OFFICERS, BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, INJURY, LOSS, COSTS, OR EXPENSES, HOWSOEVER CAUSED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, LOST REVENUE, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOST OR DAMAGED
DATA, OR ANY OTHER COMMERCIAL OR ECONOMIC LOSS, WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), OR ANY OTHER
THEORY OF LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF OR RESULTING FROM ACCESS TO OR POSSESSION OR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT, EVEN IF CSA GROUP
HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, INJURY, LOSS, COSTS, OR EXPENSES.
In publishing and making this document available, CSA Group is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any
person or entity or to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to another person or entity. The information in this document is directed
to those who have the appropriate degree of experience to use and apply its contents, and CSA Group accepts no responsibility whatsoever
arising in any way from any and all use of or reliance on the information contained in this document.
CSA Group is a private not-for-profit company that publishes voluntary standards and related documents. CSA Group has no power, nor does it
undertake, to enforce compliance with the contents of the standards or other documents it publishes.
Intellectual property rights and ownership

As between CSA Group and the users of this document (whether it be in printed or electronic form), CSA Group is the owner, or the authorized
licensee, of all works contained herein that are protected by copyright, all trade-marks (except as otherwise noted to the contrary), and all
inventions and trade secrets that may be contained in this document, whether or not such inventions and trade secrets are protected by
patents and applications for patents. Without limitation, the unauthorized use, modification, copying, or disclosure of this document may
violate laws that protect CSA Group’s and/or others’ intellectual property and may give rise to a right in CSA Group and/or others to seek legal
redress for such use, modification, copying, or disclosure. To the extent permitted by licence or by law, CSA Group reserves all intellectual
property rights in this document.
Patent rights
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this standard may be the subject of patent rights. CSA Group shall not be
held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of
any such patent rights is entirely their own responsibility.
Authorized use of this document

This document is being provided by CSA Group for informational and non-commercial use only. The user of this document is authorized to do
only the following:
If this document is in electronic form:
• load this document onto a computer for the sole purpose of reviewing it;
• search and browse this document; and
• print this document if it is in PDF format.
Limited copies of this document in print or paper form may be distributed only to persons who are authorized by CSA Group to have such
copies, and only if this Legal Notice appears on each such copy.
In addition, users may not and may not permit others to
• alter this document in any way or remove this Legal Notice from the attached standard;
• sell this document without authorization from CSA Group; or
• make an electronic copy of this document.
If you do not agree with any of the terms and conditions contained in this Legal Notice, you may not load or use this document or make any
copies of the contents hereof, and if you do make such copies, you are required to destroy them immediately. Use of this document
constitutes your acceptance of the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice.

Revision History
CSA B109.1:21, Compressed natural gas vehicle installation code
Administrative update — December 2021

National Standard of Canada page: French version now available

Standards Update Service
CSA B109.1:21
August 2021
Title: Compressed natural gas vehicle installation code

To register for e-mail notification about any updates to this publication
• go to www.csagroup.org/store/
• click on Product Updates
The List ID that you will need to register for updates to this publication is 2429143.
If you require assistance, please e-mail techsupport@csagroup.org or call 416-747-2233.
Visit CSA Group’s policy on privacy at www.csagroup.org/legal to find out how we protect your
personal information.

Canadian Standards Association (operating as “CSA Group”), under A National Standard of Canada is a standard developed by a
whose auspices this National Standard has been produced, was Standards Council of Canada (SCC) accredited Standards
chartered in 1919 and accredited by the Standards Council of Development Organization, in compliance with requirements and
Canada to the National Standards system in 1973. It is a not-for- guidance set out by SCC. More information on National Standards of
profit, nonstatutory, voluntary membership association engaged in Canada can be found at www.scc.ca.
standards development and certification activities.
SCC is a Crown corporation within the portfolio of Innovation,
CSA Group standards reflect a national consensus of producers and Science and Economic Development (ISED) Canada. With the goal of
users — including manufacturers, consumers, retailers, unions and enhancing Canada's economic competitiveness and social well-
professional organizations, and governmental agencies. The being, SCC leads and facilitates the development and use of national
standards are used widely by industry and commerce and often and international standards. SCC also coordinates Canadian
adopted by municipal, provincial, and federal governments in their participation in standards development, and identifies strategies to
regulations, particularly in the fields of health, safety, building and advance Canadian standardization efforts.
construction, and the environment.
Accreditation services are provided by SCC to various customers,
More than 10 000 members indicate their support for CSA Group’s including product certifiers, testing laboratories, and standards
standards development by volunteering their time and skills to development organizations. A list of SCC programs and accredited
Committee work. bodies is publicly available at www.scc.ca.
CSA Group offers certification and testing services in support of and Standards Council of Canada
as an extension to its standards development activities. To ensure 600-55 Metcalfe Street
the integrity of its certification process, CSA Group regularly and Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 6L5
continually audits and inspects products that bear the Canada
CSA Group Mark.
In addition to its head office and laboratory complex in Toronto, CSA

Group has regional branch offices in major centres across Canada
and inspection and testing agencies in fourteen countries. Since
1919, CSA Group has developed the necessary expertise to meet its
corporate mission: CSA Group is an independent service
organization whose mission is to provide an open and effective
forum for activities facilitating the exchange of goods and services
through the use of standards, certification and related services to
meet national and international needs.
For further information on CSA Group services, write to

CSA Group
178 Rexdale Boulevard
Toronto, Ontario, M9W 1R3
Canada
Cette Norme Nationale du Canada est disponible en versions française et anglaise.
Although the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it remains the responsibility of
the users to judge its suitability for their particular purpose.
®A trademark of the Canadian Standards Association, operating as “CSA Group”

National Standard of Canada
CSA B109.1:21
installation code
Approved on June 25, 2021 by IGAC

Published in August 2021 by CSA Group
A not-for-profit private sector organization
178 Rexdale Boulevard, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9W 1R3
To purchase standards and related publications, visit our Online Store at www.csagroup.org/store/
or call toll-free 1-800-463-6727 or 416-747-4044.
ICS 75.060; 43.060.40

ISBN 978-1-4883-3625-6
© 2021 Canadian Standards Association

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever
without the prior permission of the publisher.
CSA B109.1:21 Compressed natural gas vehicle installation code
Contents
Interprovincial/Territorial Gas Advisory Council 4
Technical Committee on Natural Gas Transportation 6
Subcommittee on Natural Gas for Vehicles Installation Code 9
Preface 12
1 Scope 14
1.1 Application 14
1.2 Exclusions 14
1.3 Units of measure 14
1.4 Pressure references 14
1.5 Mandatory and informative provisions 14
2 Reference publications 15
3 Definitions 18
4 General 21
4.1 Application 21
4.1.1 Document conflict 21
4.1.2 Manufacturer instructions conflict 21
4.1.3 Installer responsibilities 21
4.1.4 System shipping and handling 21
4.2 Approvals 22
4.2.1 General approvals 22
4.2.2 Variances 22
4.2.3 Used fuel containers and components 22
4.2.4 NGV 6.1 certification 22
5 System requirements 22
5.1 CNG fuel containers and assemblies 22
5.1.1 Service pressure 22
5.1.2 Permitted types 22
5.2 Alterations prohibited 22
5.3 CNG fuel container isolation and pressure relief device 23
5.3.1 Fuel container shut-off valves 23
5.3.2 Fuelling receptacle isolation 23
5.3.3 Pressure relief device (PRD) 23
5.4 CNG fuel container and assembly mounting 25
5.4.1 General mounting requirements 25
5.4.2 Fuel container high location mounting 26
5.4.3 General exterior mounting requirements 26
5.4.4 Approach, departure, breakover, and road clearances 26
5.4.5 Attachment hardware and brackets 27
5.4.6 Fuel container protection 27
August 2021 © 2021 Canadian Standards Association 1

5.4.7 Large fuel containers 28

5.4.8 Maximum weight 28
5.5 CNG vent lines and ventilation 28
5.5.1 Vent lines 28
5.5.2 Venting from vehicle compartments 29
5.5.3 Interior mounted fuel container ventilation requirements 29
5.5.4 Vent line pressure escape 29
5.5.5 Shared vent system 29
5.5.6 Vent line crash survival 29
5.6 Fuel system components 29
5.6.1 Component requirements 29
5.6.2 Automatic shut-off valve 29
5.6.3 Fuelling receptacle 29
5.6.4 Defuelling 30
5.6.5 Multifuel and dual fuel vehicles 30
5.6.6 CNG fuel level indicator 31
5.6.7 Wiring and electrical connectors 31
5.6.8 Pressure regulator 31
5.6.9 Isolation from heat sources 31
5.6.10 Isolation from battery terminals 31
5.7 Rigid and flexible fuel line and fitting requirements 32
5.7.1 General fuel line and fitting requirements 32
5.7.2 Rigid fuel lines 32
5.7.2.3 Unacceptable piping, fitting, and joint components 32
5.7.3 Flexible fuel line requirements 32
5.7.4 CNG piping, tubing, fitting, and connection components 32
5.7.5 Fuel line and fitting installation 33
5.7.6 Fuel line protection 33
5.8 Labels and vehicle literature 34
5.8.1 Vehicle owner’s manual supplement(s) 34
5.8.2 Vehicle labelling 34
5.8.3 External vehicle label requirement 34
5.8.4 Label(s) at the vehicle fill receptacle(s) 34
5.8.5 Defuelling connection label 35
6 Inspection and testing of converted vehicles 35

6.1 Vehicle conversions 35
6.1.1 Protection from collision and impact 35
6.1.2 Structural alterations to a vehicle during conversion 35
6.1.3 Relocation of existing components during conversion 35
6.1.4 Quality of work 35
6.1.5 Vehicles involved in collision, fire, or explosion 35
6.1.6 Training and licensing 36
6.2 Leak testing of containers, piping, tubing, hose, and fitting assemblies 36
6.2.1 General leak test requirements 36
6.2.2 Inert gas leak testing (optional) 36
6.2.3 Natural gas leak testing (mandatory) 37
6.2.4 Production leak testing 37
6.2.5 Pressure measurement 37

6.2.6 Periodic in-service inspections 37
Annex A (informative) — Service, collision repair, or fuel container retesting 38

Annex B (informative) — Defuelling vehicle CNG containers 40
Annex C (informative) — Sample labels 42
Annex D (informative) — Vehicle checklist 46
Annex E (informative) — Curbstone clearance, approach, departure, and ramp breakover angles 49
Annex F (informative) — Corrosion and other external exposure 50

Interprovincial/Territorial Gas Advisory

Council
S. C. Manning Alberta Municipal Affairs Safety Services, Chair
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Category: Regulatory Authority
D. A. Balcha Manitoba, Office of the Fire Commissioner, Vice-Chair

Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
P. Fowler Deptartment of Labour and Advanced Education, Vice-Chair

Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
N. Armstrong Office of the Fire Commissioner Inspections and Alternate

Technical Services,
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
D. Brockerville Government of Newfoundland and Labrador/

Service NL,
St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
M. E. Davidson Province of New Brunswick Deptartment of Public

Safety,
Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
Z. J. Fraczkowski Technical Standards & Safety Authority (TSSA),

Toronto, Ontario, Canada
S. Friedt TSASK,
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
B. Hamou L’Hadj Régie du bâtiment du Québec, Alternate

Montréal, Québec, Canada
S. Hauer Yukon Government,

Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, Canada

D. N. Hird TSASK, Alternate

Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
T. Holley Nova Scotia Department of Labour and Advanced Alternate

Education,
Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
J. Lackey Technical Safety BC,

Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
J. Lalande Health Canada,

Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
M. LeBlanc Province of New Brunswick Department of Public Alternate

Safety,
Grand Falls, New Brunswick, Canada
R. MacCormack Province of PEI,

Souris, Prince Edward Island, Canada
M. Mailman Government of the Northwest Territories,

Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada
J. Renaud Régie du bâtiment du Québec,

S. Sadeghi TSSA, Non-voting

Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada
C. R. Valliere Government of Alberta, Municipal Affairs, Alternate

M. A. Wani Government of Nunavut Department of Community

and Government Svcs,
Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada
B. Zinn Technical Safety BC, Alternate

Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Technical Committee on Natural Gas

Transportation
J. F. Jordan Hexagon Agility, Chair
Cook, Minnesota, USA
Category: User Interest
G. Meadows Westport Fuel Systems Canada Inc., Vice-Chair

Cambridge, Ontario, Canada
Category: Producer Interest
G. Barker ANGI Energy Systems, Non-voting

Janesville, Wisconsin, USA
R. Boyd Boyd Hydrogen, LLC,

Napa, California, USA
Category: General Interest
J. P. Cohen Air Products and Chemicals Inc., Non-voting

Allentown, Pennsylvania, USA
J. E. Eihusen Hexagon Lincoln Inc., Non-voting

Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
V. Fe FortisBC Energy Inc. (FEI),

Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
Category: Gas Supplier
E. Girouard Emcara Gas Development Inc,

Guelph, Ontario, Canada
D. Goldin Global Gas Mobility,

La Lucila, Buenos Aires, Argentina
M. Gust Quantum Fuel Systems LLC,

Lake Forest, California, USA
P. Horacek Powertech Labs Inc.,


A. Hoskin Natural Resources Canada, Non-voting

S. Katz S. Katz and Associates Inc.,

North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
C. Kroeker NW Natural Gas,

Portland, Oregon, USA
S. Lajoie Énergir,
P. Lam Quantum Fuel Systems LLC, Non-voting

Irvine, California, USA
A. Lanier Papageorge Southern Company Gas,

Atlanta, Georgia, USA
G. Lengle FortisBC Energy Inc. (FEI), Non-voting

R. Milligan Technical Safety BC,

N. L. Newhouse Hexagon Lincoln Inc.,

D. Niemiec Swagelok,
Solon, Ohio, USA
A. Nurgel Technical Standards and Safety Authority (TSSA),

D. Patel ANGI Energy Systems,

Janesville, Wisconsin, USA

D. Rea Quantum Fuel Systems LLC, Non-voting

Irvine, California, USA
B. Richard Natural Resources Canada, Non-voting

P. Sandsted NGVAmerica, Non-voting

Washington, District of Columbia, USA
R. Service Enbridge Gas Distribution,

G. R. Smith Change Energy Services Inc.,

Oakville, Ontario, Canada
M. A. Tremayne ComTech Energy,

Milton, Ontario, Canada
C. R. Valliere Alberta Municipal Affairs Safety Services,

M. Veenstra Ford Motor Company,

Dearborn, Michigan, USA
C. Webster Testnet Canada Inc.,

Langley, British Columbia, Canada
C. Wertz Waste Management,

Houston, Texas, USA
T. A. Williams Natural Gas Direct, LLC, Non-voting

Arlington, Virginia, USA
J. Cairns CSA Group, Project Manager

Cleveland, Ohio, USA

Subcommittee on Natural Gas for Vehicles

Installation Code
J. F. Jordan Hexagon Agility, Chair
Cook, Minnesota, USA
E. Girouard Emcara Gas Development Inc., Vice-Chair

Guelph, Ontario, Canada
M. Baril Société de l’Assurance Automobile du Québec,

Québec, Québec, Canada
M. Beauchemin Énergir,
D. Byerly Hexagon Lincoln Inc.,

N. Clavette National Energy Equipment Inc.,

Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
D. Ducasse Énergir,
V. Fe FortisBC Energy Inc. (FEI),

R. Grimard FortisBC Energy Inc. (FEI),

M. Grossman Shell Canada Limited,

Calgary, Alberta, Canada
M. Gust Quantum Fuel Systems LLC,

Lake Forest, California, USA
K. Hendershot Transport Canada,

R. Hoffman Intertek,
Arlington Heights, Illinois, USA

A. Holbert Hanwha Advanced Materials,

Twinsburg, Ohio, USA
A. Hoskin Natural Resources Canada,

R. J. Jones VOSS Automotive Inc.,

Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA
I. Jorgensen Kenworth Truck Co.,

Kirkland, Washington, USA
S. Katz S. Katz and Associates Inc.,

North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
D. Kayes Daimler Trucks North America LLC,

Portland, Oregon, USA
R. Kempf Navistar, Inc.,

Lisle, Illinois, USA
R. Kiff 1106499 Ontario Limited o/a Kiff Auto,

Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
S. Lajoie Énergir,
S. C. Manning Alberta Municipal Affairs Safety Services,

R. Milligan Technical Safety BC,

P. Murray Chart, Inc.,

Ball Ground, Georgia, USA
N. L. Newhouse Hexagon Lincoln Inc.,

N. Shroff Heil Environmental,

Fort Payne, Alabama, USA

T. Sloan Agility Fuel Systems,

Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
M. Ursan Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
N. Victor Fortis BC,

Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada
S. Wheaton Intertek,
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
T. A. Williams Natural Gas Direct, LLC,

Arlington, Virginia, USA
T. Yoder NASA/WSTF,
Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
J. Cairns CSA Group, Project Manager

Cleveland, Ohio, USA

Preface
This is the first edition of CSA B109.1, Compressed natural gas vehicle installation code. It supersedes
the previous editions published in 2017 and 2014 as Part 1 of CSA B109, Natural gas for vehicles
installation code, and in 2001 as CSA B109, Natural gas for vehicles installation code.
CSA B109.1 is applicable to compressed natural gas (CNG). CSA B109.2 is applicable to liquefied natural
gas (LNG).
Changes in this edition include the following:

a) added statement acknowledging systems certified to NGV 6.1 are deemed to comply with
CSA B109.1;
b) removed allowance of ISO 11439 containers since these are not recognized by Transport Canada;
c) included excess flow devices integrated from factory inside the container valves;
d) added requirements for allowed devices in the latest edition of PRD 1;
e) included neck mounting procedures;
f) added content for common defuelling profile connection;
g) clarified label requirements for refuse haulers and similar vehicles;
h) clarified natural gas leak testing to allow for shipping of systems prior to vehicle installation;
i) harmonized periodic in-service inspection requirements with FMVSS 304; and
j) made editorial revisions to clarify wording and references, tables, and figures, resolve conflicts
identified with other documents, provide consistency and clarification between this Code and CSA
B109.2, correct metrication values, and harmonize definitions with other industry codes and
standards.
CSA Group acknowledges that the development of this Code was made possible, in part, by the financial
support of Natural Resources Canada.
This Code was prepared by the Subcommittee on Natural Gas for Vehicles Installation Code, under the
jurisdiction of the Technical Committee on Natural Gas Transportation and the Strategic Steering
Committee on Transportation, and has been formally approved by the Technical Committee and the
Interprovincial/Territorial Gas Advisory Council.
This Code has been developed in compliance with Standards Council of Canada requirements for
National Standards of Canada. It has been published as a National Standard of Canada by CSA Group.
Notes:
1) Use of the singular does not exclude the plural (and vice versa) when the sense allows.
2) Although the intended primary application of this Code is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it
remains the responsibility of the users of the Code to judge its suitability for their particular purpose.
3) This Code was developed by consensus, which is defined by CSA Policy governing standardization — Code of
good practice for standardization as “substantial agreement. Consensus implies much more than a simple
majority, but not necessarily unanimity”. It is consistent with this definition that a member may be included in
the Technical Committee list and yet not be in full agreement with all clauses of this Code.
4) To submit a request for interpretation of this Code, please send the following information to
inquiries@csagroup.org and include “Request for interpretation” in the subject line:
a) define the problem, making reference to the specific clause, and, where appropriate, include an
illustrative sketch;
b) provide an explanation of circumstances surrounding the actual field condition; and
c) where possible, phrase the request in such a way that a specific “yes” or “no” answer will address the
issue.

Committee interpretations are processed in accordance with the CSA Directives and guidelines governing
standardization and are available on the Current Standards Activities page at standardsactivities.csa.ca.
5) This Code is subject to review within five years from the date of publication. Suggestions for its improvement
will be referred to the appropriate committee. To submit a proposal for change, please send the following
information to inquiries@csagroup.org and include “Proposal for change” in the subject line:
a) Code designation (number);
b) relevant clause, table, and/or figure number;
c) wording of the proposed change; and
d) rationale for the change.

CSA B109.1:21
installation code
1 Scope
1.1 Application
This Code applies to the installation, inspection, repair, and maintenance of the fuel storage and
delivery system installed in powered industrial truck applications and vehicles for use with compressed
natural gas (CNG). This includes fuel systems on self-propelled vehicles for the provision of motive
power.
Federal or provincial regulatory requirements might supersede the requirements of this Code.
1.2 Exclusions
This Code does not apply to
a) stationary engines;
b) mobile equipment using natural gas as a fuel for other than propulsion;
c) liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel storage systems;*
d) electronic components of a fuel management system;
e) storage or utilization of natural gas on marine vessels or rail vehicles;
f) recreational all terrain vehicles;
g) motorcycles; and
h) vehicles (including their containers) qualified under the Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Regulations.
* LNG fuel systems are covered in CSA B109.2.
1.3 Units of measure

The values given in SI units are the units of record for the purposes of this Code. The values given in
parentheses are for information and comparison only.
Notes:
1) IEEE/ASTM SI 10 or ISO 80000-1 can be used as a guide when converting imperial units to metric units.
2) Where the word “gallon” is used in this Code, it indicates a U.S. gallon equivalent to 3.785 L water capacity.
1.4 Pressure references

All references to “psi” throughout this Code are to be considered gauge pressures, unless otherwise
specified.
1.5 Mandatory and informative provisions

In this Code, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy
in order to comply with the Code; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is
advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the
limits of the Code.
Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a
note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as
requirements.
Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their

application.
2 Reference publications
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Note: Users of this Code should consult with the authority having jurisdiction regarding which edition to reference.
CSA Group
B51 (Part 2)
Boiler, pressure vessel, and pressure piping code; Part 2: High-pressure cylinders for the on-board
storage of natural gas and hydrogen as fuels for automotive vehicles
B109.2
Liquefied natural gas
SPE 2.1
Best practice for defuelling, decommissioning, and disposal of compressed natural gas vehicle fuel
containers
CSA/ANSI NGV 1
Compressed natural gas vehicle (NGV) fueling connection devices
CSA/ANSI NGV 2
Compressed natural gas vehicle fuel containers
CSA/ANSI NGV 3.1

Fuel system components for compressed natural gas powered vehicles
CSA/ANSI/CSA PRD 1
Pressure relief devices for natural gas vehicle (NGV) fuel containers
SPE-2.2.1:20
Best practices for CNG vehicle system leak inspection
ASTM International
A269/A269M
Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service
A632
Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing (Small-Diameter) for
General Service
D4814-16ee1
Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

G186
Standard Test Method for Determining Whether Gas-Leak-Detector Fluid Solutions Can Cause Stress
Corrosion Cracking of Brass Alloys
ASTM International/IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)

SI 10
American National Standard for Metric Practice
CGA (Compressed Gas Association)

C-6.4
Methods for External Visual Inspection of Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) and Hydrogen Gas Vehicle (HGV)
Fuel Containers and Their Installations
Government of Canada
Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Regulations, C.R.C., c. 1038
ISO (International Organization for Standardization)

228-1
Pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are not made on the threads — Part 1: Dimensions, tolerances
and designation
1179-1
Connections for general use and fluid power — Ports and stud ends with ISO 228-1 threads with
elastomeric or metal-to-metal sealing — Part 1: Threaded ports
1179-2
elastomeric or metal-to-metal sealing — Part 2: Heavy-duty (S series) and light-duty (L series) stud ends
with elastomeric sealing (type E)
1179-3
elastomeric or metal-to-metal sealing — Part 3: Light-duty (L series) stud ends with sealing by O-ring
with retaining ring (types G and H)
1179-4
elastomeric or metal-to-metal sealing — Part 4: Stud ends for general use only with metal-to-metal
sealing (type B)
7241:2014
Hydraulic fluid power — Dimensions and Requirements of Quick-Action Couplings
15500-1
Road vehicles — Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components — Part 1: General requirements
and definitions

15500-2
Road vehicles — Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components — Part 2: Performance and
general test methods
15500-3
Road vehicles — Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components — Part 3: Check valve
15500-4
Road vehicles — Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components — Part 4: Manual valve
15500-5
Road vehicles — Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components — Part 5: Manual cylinder
valve
15500-6
Road vehicles — Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components — Part 6: Automatic valve
15500-7
Road vehicles — Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components — Part 7: Gas injector
15500-8
Road vehicles — Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components — Part 8: Pressure indicator
15500-9
Road vehicles — Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components — Part 9: Pressure regulator
15500-10
Road vehicles — Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components — Part 10: Gas-flow adjuster
15500-11
Road vehicles — Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components — Part 11: Gas/Air mixer
15500-12
Road vehicles — Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components — Part 12: Pressure relief valve
(PRV)
15500-13
Road vehicles — Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components — Part 13: Pressure relief
device (PRD)
15500-14
Road vehicles — Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components — Part 14: Excess flow valve
15500-15
Road vehicles — Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components — Part 15: Gas-tight housing
and ventilation hose
15500-16
Road vehicles — Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components — Part 16: Rigid fuel line in
stainless steel

15500-17
Road vehicles — Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components — Part 17: Flexible fuel line
15500-18
Road vehicles — Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components — Part 18: Filter
15500-19
Road vehicles — Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components — Part 19: Fittings
15500-20
Road vehicles — Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components — Part 20: Rigid fuel line in
material other than stainless steel
80000-1
Quantities and units — Part 1: General
NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association)

ANSI/NEMA Z535.4-11
Product Safety Signs and Labels
NFPA (National Fire Protection Association)

52
Vehicular Natural Gas Fuel Systems Code
SAE International
J1292
Automobile and Motor Coach Wiring
J1453/1
Specification for O-Ring Face Seal Connectors: Part 1 — Tube Connection Details and Common
Requirements for Performance and Tests
J1453/2
Specification for O-Ring Face Seal Connectors: Part 2 — Requirements, Dimensions, and Tests for Steel
Unions, Bulkheads, Swivels, Braze Sleeves, Braze-on Tube Ends, Caps, and Connectors with ISO 6149-2
Metric Stud Ends and ISO 6162 4-Bolt Flange Heads
J1453/3
Specification for O-Ring Face Seal Connectors: Part 3 — Requirements, Dimensions, and Tests for Steel
Unions, Bulkheads, Swivels, Braze Sleeves, Caps, and Connectors with SAE J1926-2 Inch Stud Ends
3 Definitions
The following definitions shall apply in this Code:
Accessory — a part capable of performing an independent function(s) and contributing to the

operations of the equipment that it serves.
Approved — acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ).

Appurtenance — a component that is attached to a fuelling container.
Authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) — the governmental body (or the official or agency designated by
the governmental body), that is responsible for the
a) enforcement of any part of this Code; and
b) validation of equipment, materials, installation, or procedure.
Canadian registration number (CRN) — a registration number, allotted by a provincial regulatory

authority, that allows the design of a boiler, pressure vessel, pressure gauge, or fitting to be used in the
province.
Conversion — the alteration of the fuel system of a completed vehicle that was originally built in
compliance with Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Regulations.
Engineer — a person in the engineering profession with specific expertise in the pertinent subject area
and who is licensed to practice in that subject area where required by the appropriate AHJ.
Equipment — a device, other than an accessory or component, that is not necessary for the functioning
of the vehicle fuel system but is connected to a piping or tubing system.
Fill receptacle — a component designed to receive CNG from a fuelling nozzle and retain CNG in the
vehicle storage and delivery system.
Fitting — a connector used to join sections of pipe, tube, or hose.
Fuel container assembly — a unit consisting of one or more containers with integral valve(s), pressure
relief device(s), tubing, hoses, and a mounting bracket(s).
Fuel delivery system — a subset of the overall fuel system comprising all of the components that
handle and transfer natural gas to and from the storage system along with support structure and
devices.
Fuel storage system — a subset of the overall fuel system comprising all of the assembled components
that isolate high-pressure natural gas from the remainder of the fuel system and the environment.
Fuel system — a unit consisting of the fuel storage system and fuel delivery system.
Heavy duty vehicle — a vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 8845 kg (19 500 lb) or
greater.
High voltage (for purposes of this Code) — voltage levels greater than 30 V ac or 60 V dc.
Hose — a flexible fuel line or vent line.
Installer — a person or company that alters the fuel system of a completed vehicle that was originally
built in compliance with Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Regulations by installing a natural gas fuel
system.
Lower flammability limit (LFL) — the leanest mixture of natural gas and air that will burn.
Mounting system — all hardware necessary for installation of the CNG container on or in the vehicle.
Normal cubic centimetre (Ncc) — dry gas that occupies a volume of 1 cm3 at a temperature of 273.15 K
(0 °C) and an absolute pressure of 101.325 kPa (1 atm).

On-road vehicle — vehicle designed to be operated/driven on public access roads and requires
licensing.
PRD activation solenoid — the solenoid connected to an electrically activated integrated PRD used to
trigger the manual activation functionality.
Pressure —
Burst pressure — pressure that causes structural failure of the component and consequential fluid
loss through the component envelope, not including gaskets or seals. The highest pressure during a
burst test.
Fill pressure — the pressure attained at the actual time of filling. Fill pressure varies according to
the gas temperature in the container, which is dependent on the filling parameters and the ambient
conditions.
Operating pressure — the highest pressure at which the system, or the specified part of a system,
normally operates.
Service pressure — the settled pressure at a uniform gas temperature of 21 °C (70 °F) when the
vehicle fuel container is fully charged with gas.
Note: The service pressures in common usage are 207 bar (3 000 psi) and 248 bar (3600 psi) at 21 °C (70 °F).
Test pressure — the pressure to which a component or equipment is taken during testing.
Pressure regulator — a device, either adjustable or non-adjustable, for controlling and maintaining a
uniform outlet pressure within acceptable limits.
Pressure relief device (PRD) — a device that, when activated under specified performance conditions, is
used to vent the container contents. (See CSA/ANSI PRD 1.)
Integrated PRD — a standard pressure or thermally activated PRD with a manual (mechanical or
electrical) activation feature incorporated into the assembly.
Manually activated PRD — a valve that is connected to container pressure that can be remotely
activated by intentional human action to vent the container.
Remote trigger PRD — a PRD having the heat reactive element that is separate from the gas
handling portion of the PRD, such that it is possible for the heat reactive element to be heated
separately from the main body or gas control portion of the PRD.
Thermally activated pressure relief device (TPRD) — a PRD activated by temperature. (See ANSI
PRD 1.)
Pressure relief valve (PRV) — a reclosing device that opens to relieve pressure at a predetermined
upstream pressure.
Qualified person — a person who has been trained in the performance of a particular task and, where
applicable, possesses a license from the AHJ.
Service pressure marking —
P30 — settled pressure of 207 bar (3000 psi) at 21 °C (70 °F).
P36 — settled pressure of 248 bar (3600 psi) at 21 °C (70 °F).

Valve — a component by which the flow of a fluid can be controlled.
Automatic valve — an on/off valve for controlling the flow of gas that is not manually operated.
Vehicle types —
Dual fuel vehicle — a vehicle that has more than one fuel stored onboard and uses both fuels at
the same time. The ratio between the fuels varies depending on engine and vehicle operating
conditions.
Multifuel vehicle — a vehicle that has more than one fuel stored onboard but uses only one fuel at
a time.
Vent line — pipe away from the PRD to atmosphere.
4 General
4.1 Application
4.1.1 Document conflict

When a specification or document referenced in Clause 2 contains a requirement that conflicts with a
requirement in this Code, the requirement in this Code shall govern.
4.1.2 Manufacturer instructions conflict

Where a conflict exists between the manufacturer's installation instructions and this Code, the more
stringent installation requirement shall apply.
4.1.3 Installer responsibilities

The installer shall verify that any accessory, component, or equipment is installed in accordance with
the requirements of this Code, and the person initially activating the natural gas vehicle (NGV) fuel
system shall verify that the system and components are operating as intended (safe working order).
An example of a checklist is provided in Annex D.
Prior to operation of an NGV, the following items shall be verified:

a) that the installation has been carried out in accordance with this Code;
b) that the system and components are operating as intended (safe working order);
c) that the natural gas fuel system has been leak tested in accordance with the requirements of
Clause 6.2; and
d) that there is a Canadian registration number (CRN) for the container, if required by the AHJ.
4.1.4 System shipping and handling

CNG systems and components should be resistant to potential damage due to shipping, handling, and
foreseeable customer use, including towing, jacking, and tie down requirements/considerations.

4.2 Approvals
4.2.1 General approvals

All accessories, components, equipment, and materials used in the installation shall be certified or
approved for use in the application.
4.2.2 Variances
When a variance from or postponement of the requirements of this Code might be necessary, approval
in writing shall be obtained from the AHJ before the work proceeds. This approval shall apply only to
the particular installation(s) for which it is granted.
4.2.3 Used fuel containers and components

If a used fuel container or NGV component is used in a new installation of a natural gas system, the
used fuel container or NGV component shall meet the requirements of this Code. A used PRD shall not
be installed on a new, recertified or different container.
A used container or NGV component shall be approved by a qualified person prior to re-entering service
or before being moved to another vehicle.
4.2.4 NGV 6.1 certification

A CNG fuel system that meets the requirements, and is certified to NGV 6.1, is considered to meet the
requirements of this Code.
5 System requirements
Note: See Annex A.
5.1 CNG fuel containers and assemblies
5.1.1 Service pressure

All high-pressure components’ ratings shall match or exceed the service pressure rating of the fuelling
receptacle.
Note: Common fuelling pressures are P30 or P36. (See the definition of “service pressure marking” in Clause 3.)
5.1.2 Permitted types

A fuel container mounted on a vehicle to supply fuel to an engine on that vehicle shall
a) meet the requirements of one of the following:
i) CSA B51, Part 2;
ii) CSA/ANSI NGV 2; or
iii) Transport Canada (TC) ruling as appropriate for the permitted installation; and
b) be designed for storage of compressed natural gas on board vehicles.
5.2 Alterations prohibited

Any alteration, including welding, brazing, or other application of intense heat, to the CNG fuel
container or to the components while attached to the CNG fuel container (e.g., valve, bracket, tubing,
piping) shall be prohibited.

5.3 CNG fuel container isolation and pressure relief device
5.3.1 Fuel container shut-off valves

Every fuel container or assembly shall be equipped with either
a) a manual valve mounted into the container opening that is readily accessible; or
b) a normally closed, remotely actuated valve mounted into the container opening that automatically
shuts off the supply of gas when de-energized. Remotely actuated valves shall be equipped to
bleed the container manually in the event that the actuator fails closed.
In the event of a fuel line rupture, a means to automatically shut off or restrict the fuel supply in high-
pressure fuel lines on an assembly shall be provided.
Container valves with integrated excess flow devices (EFDs) or an inline EFD for single or multiple
containers may be used to meet this requirement. The EFD(s) shall be sized to prevent the engine from
stalling under all normal operating conditions.
5.3.2 Fuelling receptacle isolation

Means to prevent discharge of the container to the atmosphere due to failure of the vehicle receptacle
shall be provided.
Notes:
1) Examples of how to achieve this requirement are as follows:
a) a check valve in addition to the one in the receptacle;
b) a quarter turn valve; or
c) the combination of Items a) and b).
2) The redundant check valve should be located as close as possible to the receptacle.
5.3.3 Pressure relief device (PRD)
5.3.3.1 PRD certification

Each fuel container or assembly shall be protected by a PRD(s) as required by the fuel container
manufacturer and in compliance with CSA/ANSI PRD 1 as specified by the container manufacturer.
The installer shall verify that the capability of the PRD system to protect the containers has been tested
according to the fire test of NGV2, NGV6.1, or CRN, as required by the AHJ.
5.3.3.2 PRD connection

The PRD shall be in direct contact with the fuel container pressure. A shut-off valve shall not be located
between the PRD and the fuel container.
The temperature sensitive portion of the PRD, if applicable, shall be located in the same area or
compartment as the fuel container it is protecting.
5.3.3.3 Thermally activated pressure relief device (TPRD) location

A TPRD for the protection of a fuel container on a vehicle shall be located such that, in normal
operation of the vehicle, the temperature of the PRD does not exceed the PRD manufacturer’s
specifications.

5.3.3.4 Manifolding fuel containers

Fuel containers equipped with manual valves and individual pressure relief devices (PRD or TPRD) shall
be manifolded in such a fashion that in the event of a single PRD or TPRD activation when the engine is
not running, the PRD will vent down the manifolded containers within the time required by the
container manufacturer, based on fire tests of the same type of containers. The installer shall consult
the container manufacturer prior to performing this task to ensure this requirement is met.
Containers with self-closing automatic valves are exempted from this requirement.
5.3.3.5 PRD shielding and flow barrier considerations

The design and location of shields and flow barriers shall not interfere with the ability of the PRD to
protect the fuel container.
5.3.3.6 PRD connection and labeling

When a PRD is remote from the container valve or end plug, it shall be connected with a fuel line that
remains pressurized when the container valve is closed. This line shall be labelled as pressurized at all
times. Alternatively, PRD lines that are pressurized may be colour coded, provided a colour legend is
made available.
5.3.3.7 PRD outlet water protection

A PRD or its outlet system shall not allow water, moisture, or debris to enter the vent side of the PRD.
When a vent line closure device certified to CSA/ANSI NGV 3.1 is used and no other openings exist in
the vent system, this requirement is met.
5.3.3.8 PRDs and container expansion

Physical clearances shall accommodate container expansion and shall be taken into account when
mounting a PRD.
5.3.3.9 PRD tubing in cargo compartments

When mounted in a trunk or other cargo area, the PRD tubing shall not be in a location where it will be
obstructed or damaged by cargo where it will be used to hang, attach, or secure cargo or other items,
or where it will be used as a step.
5.3.3.10 Series devices

PRD shall not be connected in series.
5.3.3.11 Integrated and manually activated PRDs

The manually activated PRD or integrated PRD shall conform to CSA/ANSI PRD 1. A manually activated
PRD or an integrated PRD shall not replace the original PRD as required by CSA B51, Part 2 and
CSA/ANSI NGV 2.
The switch controlling the manually activated PRD(s), or the PRD activation solenoid for an integrated
PRD, shall be mounted and protected in a manner to prevent accidental or unintentional switch
actuation, as follows:
a) A trigger or switch that requires multiple steps or two-handed operation to activate this feature
shall be used.
b) The switch shall be mounted within reach of the vehicle operator while seated or within reach
while the operator is exiting the vehicle.

c) The switch should not be easily accessible to unauthorized personnel.

d) The switch shall be waterproof and shall be mounted to minimize contaminate intrusion that could
result in unwanted activation or inability to activate.
e) The circuit to control the activation of the manually activated PRD shall control the 12 V or 24 V
power to the PRD activation solenoid to minimize unwanted activation due to wiring damage or
shorts.
f) The switch shall be clearly labelled; the following statement shall be included on the label:
“DANGER: Emergency Container Vent. Activation of this switch will initiate an immediate venting of
all fuel from the fuel storage containers. Venting cannot be stopped once it has started” and «
DANGER : Évent d’urgence du réservoir. L’activation de ce commutateur amorcera l’évacuation
immédiate de tout le carburant contenu dans les réservoirs. Une fois déclenchée, l’évacuation ne
peut pas être arrêtée. » .
i) The label shall be of permanent construction and shall remain in place and be legible for the
life of the vehicle. Vinyl or metal labels may be used to satisfy this requirement.
ii) The label shall be highly visible and shall comply with the design requirements of
ANSI/NEMA Z535.4.
5.4 CNG fuel container and assembly mounting
5.4.1 General mounting requirements

The installer shall seek guidance and follow any requirements from the container manufacturer
regarding installation of containers. Fuel systems shall be installed so as to not adversely affect the
handling characteristics of the vehicle.
A fuel container or assembly shall

a) be mounted on the same vehicle as the engine and any equipment being fuelled by the fuel
container;
b) be mounted in a permanent manner, and proper anchorage shall be provided to prevent it from
jarring loose, slipping, or rotating;
c) be mounted in a manner that prevents contact of the container with other vehicle components
that would lead to container damage or abrasion over time;
d) include reinforcement of the vehicle structure as required to meet the loading requirements of
Item f). The original equipment manufacturer (OEM) recommendations shall be used, when
available;
e) be mounted at two support points designed to minimize the effects of external loads on the fuel
container, unless specific analysis and testing validates more mounting points;
f) be mounted so that the force necessary to separate the fuel container and its mounting system
(rack) from the vehicle is
i) greater than 20 times the weight of the full fuel container in the longitudinal direction
(forward/backward) of the vehicle, and eight times the weight of the full fuel container in the
transverse (side to side) direction for vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of
less than 8845 kg (19 500 lb); or
ii) greater than eight times the weight of the full fuel container in the longitudinal direction
(forward/backward) of the vehicle, and eight times the weight of the full fuel container in the
transverse (side-to-side) direction for vehicles with a GVWR of 884 kg (19 500 lb) or greater.
When tested, these forces shall be continuously applied for a duration of not less than 5 s;
g) be mounted so that the fuel container weight is not supported by outlet valves, manifolds, or other
fuel connections, unless approved by the container manufacturer; and
h) be mounted such that its mounting bracket shall not interfere with, or join two sections of,
otherwise isolated vehicle structures.

5.4.2 Fuel container high location mounting

A fuel container or assembly installed above the operator or passenger compartment of a vehicle shall
a) conform to drawings prepared by an engineer in accordance with this Code;
b) be protected by a guardrail or similar device designed to absorb the impact of a collision with a
stationary object and to maintain the integrity of the container and associated fittings when the
unloaded vehicle is travelling at 8.05 km/h (5 mph) in either a forward or reverse direction;
c) be protected from contact with overhead, street type, and electrical wiring;
d) be installed such that the top of the fuel container, and its housing, fittings, or guardrail, do not
exceed a height of 4.11 m (13.5 ft), measured from the surface of the road with the vehicle
unloaded; and
e) include a permanent label in the drivers compartment clearly visible to the seated operator, which
indicates the maximum total height of the unladen vehicle.
The drawings referenced in Item a) shall be retained on file for a minimum period of ten years.
5.4.3 General exterior mounting requirements

A fuel container and fittings installed on the exterior of a vehicle shall
a) be mounted so the fuel container and its appurtenances do not extend laterally beyond the
vehicle’s outside body panels fairings or the ends of the vehicle;
b) be located or given protection such that its piping, fittings, and valves are protected from damage
due to contact with objects encountered during normal operation of the vehicle; and
c) be located a sufficient distance from any heat source (e.g., exhaust) so as not to exceed the
allowable maximum temperature of the container, or heat shielding may be used to prevent the
container from exceeding its allowable maximum temperature.
5.4.4 Approach, departure, breakover, and road clearances
5.4.4.1 Clearance and container mounting for road vehicles

The fuel container, its fittings, and appurtenances shall be installed with as much road clearance as
practical, and shall not intrude upon the original vehicle’s approach, departure, or break over angles. No
portion of any fuel container, and its fittings and appurtenances when installed below the vehicle, shall
be located ahead of the front axle or behind the point of attachment of the rear bumper to the vehicle.
The minimum clearance from the road to the lowest point of a fuel container, including its housing and
fittings, shall not, with the vehicle loaded to its gross weight rating, allow any component to touch the
road surface in the event of a flat tire or the removal of any wheel. The minimum clearance approach
and departure angles shall be determined in accordance with the general practices.
The container shall be mounted on the vehicle such that it will not touch the ground
a) when all of the tires of the vehicle are deflated;
b) when any vehicle wheel has been removed; and
c) when a bus is kneeling or a truck suspension is deflated.
Note: See Annex E.
5.4.4.2 Clearance and container mounting for industrial trucks

For powered industrial trucks (i.e., forklifts and airport tow equipment), the clearances and mounting
requirements shall
a) be the same as on-road vehicles if the vehicle will only travel on smooth terrain; and

b) be increased if the vehicle is travelling on rough terrain or is required to navigate slopes or ramps
greater than those normally encountered by on-road vehicles, if the fuel system is located under
body.
5.4.5 Attachment hardware and brackets
5.4.5.1 Strap mounting requirements

If mounting hardware and instructions are specified by the container manufacturer, they shall be used.
The mounting system shall minimize damage or corrosion between the container and the mounting
system.
A resilient gasket shall be installed between the supports or clamping bands and a fuel container such
that there is no direct contact between metal on the bracket and the fuel container. The gasket shall
a) not retain water;
b) be ozone resistant;
c) be resistant to vehicle fluids and cleaning compounds, and winter road chemical treatments;
d) be chemically compatible with the surfaces of the mounts and the container, whether the actual
structure or protective coating; and
e) be of a thickness and hardness such that the fuel container will remain secure at all fuel container
fill pressures and all operating temperatures.
Note: When installing the container, consideration should be given to factors such as the undue stresses created in
an overwrap by container expansion against a metal support, the need to specify a gasket material to prevent
support damage to container(s), and the required properties of any gasket material. Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4
designs should be provided with shielding arrangements to protect the composite wrapping from mechanical
damage.
5.4.5.2 Neck mounted containers

Container mounting assemblies that utilize neck mounted blocks for container attachment shall
a) be such that the fixed end mounting block prevents rotation (spinning) of the container during
normal operating conditions; and
b) be designed to prevent any contact between the container(s) and its appurtenances and contact
between the container mounting assembly or any part of the vehicle body (except the blocks
themselves).
Note: When the container is clamped by the neck, a resilient gasket might not be required.
5.4.5.3 Hardware corrosion resistance

The brackets, bolts, and nuts that attach a fuel container to the outside of a vehicle shall have a
corrosion-resistant coating or be constructed of corrosion resistant material. See Annex F.
5.4.6 Fuel container protection

A fuel container shall be protected against exterior corrosion and abrasion due to road hazards, loading,
unloading, UV from direct sunlight, exhaust heat, and vehicle use, including accidental cargo leakage.
When shields are used for protection, they shall be installed in a manner that prevents
a) direct or vibrational contact between the shield and the fuel container; and
b) trapping of solid materials or liquids between the shield and the fuel container.

The design and location of shields and flow barriers shall not interfere with the ability of the PRD to
protect the fuel container.
Note: Thermal shields in the vehicle may also be used to minimize local thermal exposures due to fire in adjacent
compartments or areas of the vehicle (such as the passenger compartment or wheel wells) until pressure relief
devices can activate to mitigate potentially hazardous events.
5.4.7 Large fuel containers

The installation of a fuel container exceeding a water capacity of 300 L (79.3 gal) shall conform to
drawings prepared by an engineer in accordance with this Code. The installer of the fuel container(s)
shall retain on file, for a minimum period of 10 years, evidence of compliance with the engineer’s
drawings.
5.4.8 Maximum weight

When full, the weight of the fuel container assemblies, with their brackets and other appurtenances,
shall not
a) cause the vehicle to exceed its gross weight rating limitations or the gross weight limitation for
each individual axle; nor
b) create any other unsafe loading condition when the vehicle is loaded with its normal operating
mass.
Note: The installer or integrator should advise the vehicle owner of the additional weight of the fuel storage and
delivery system with fuel at full capacity.
5.5 CNG vent lines and ventilation
5.5.1 Vent lines

Any vent line installed on a PRD referred to in Clause 5.3.3 shall be of sufficient diameter for the
purpose. In addition, the vent line and vent line system shall
a) have a minimum internal diameter not less than the PRD discharge opening(s), and the diameter
shall be of sufficient size to not be obstructed by any material discharged by the PRD;
b) be secured at intervals in a manner that minimizes the possibility of damage, corrosion, or
breakage due to expansion, contraction, vibration, strains, or wear and in a manner that precludes
any loosening while in operation;
c) have a minimum burst pressure at least 1.5 times the service pressure of the fuel container. Where
vent lines are discharged into an increased diameter manifold or line, the pressure requirement of
that manifold or line shall be calculated by an engineer;
d) not lose its gas-carrying capability when exposed for 12 min to a temperature of 590 °C (1094 °F).
The vent lines may be shielded or sleeved to comply with this requirement;
e) be installed in a manner such that it will not become blocked by debris, such as snow, mud, ice, tar,
or insects encountered during vehicle operation;
f) not direct the discharge into or toward the passenger, luggage, or engine compartment, into or
toward wheel housings, toward CNG storage systems, exhaust outlet(s), or toward the front of the
vehicle;
g) minimize the possibility of external hazards (e.g., projectiles) resulting from activation of the
device; and
h) be constructed of materials that mitigate the risk of corrosion, and shall not cause galvanic
corrosion at the interface connection to the PRD.

5.5.2 Venting from vehicle compartments

For a fuel container located in a vehicle compartment capable of accumulating natural gas, the
discharge from the PRD referred to in Clause 5.3.3 shall be vented to the outside.
5.5.3 Interior mounted fuel container ventilation requirements

A fuel container assembly mounted within, below, or above the driver or passenger compartment shall
have all connections to the container(s) that are either
a) external; or
b) sealed and vented from the driver or passenger compartments.
5.5.4 Vent line pressure escape

The vent line shall allow the escape of excess pressure that builds up in the tubes from either normal or
abnormal leakage of the attached devices, as well as pressure from barometric or thermal pressure
changes, without losing its ability to keep out contamination or meet any other requirements.
5.5.5 Shared vent system

When multiple devices share a vent system, the vent system shall allow for the flow of all the devices
that can be expected to function at the same time. Any potential back pressure in the vent system from
one device shall not negatively affect the other devices that share that system.
5.5.6 Vent line crash survival

Vent lines shall be installed and secured to protect the integrity of the vent system during normal
operation, and should maintain integrity in the event of a crash.
5.6 Fuel system components
5.6.1 Component requirements

All fuel carrying components used in the installation shall meet the requirements of CSA/ANSI NGV 3.1
or the ISO 15500 series of standards, unless otherwise noted in this Code.
5.6.2 Automatic shut-off valve

An automatic shut-off valve shall be installed to prevent the flow of natural gas to the first stage
pressure regulator when the engine is not running. This valve can be the automatic valve referenced in
Clause 5.3.1 b).
The valve should not be open unless the engine is rotating or in a start-up sequence. The valve may be
opened for onboard diagnostics (OBD) prior to engine start.
Note: A bleed valve may be installed in the system as an alternative for depressurizing natural gas without
operating the engine to consume the gas. Operating and service manuals should emphasize that atmospheric
venting is to be avoided and that system depressurization through engine operation is preferred to atmospheric
venting.
5.6.3 Fuelling receptacle
5.6.3.1 Fuelling receptacle requirements

The fuelling receptacle shall
a) receive the fuelling nozzle;
b) be designed for the service pressure;

c) include means to prevent the entry of dust, water, or other unintended material;
d) be designed for the temperature and any corrosive conditions that could affect the performance of
the receptacle; and
e) meet the requirements of CSA/ANSI NGV 1.
5.6.3.2 Fuelling receptacle mounting

The mounting system for the fuelling receptacle shall not sustain any permanent deformation when a
force of 667 N (150 lbf) is applied to the fuelling receptacle in any direction.
5.6.3.3 Fuelling receptacle clearance

The clearance around the fuelling receptacle shall be free of interference that could prevent the
connection of the fuelling nozzle.
5.6.4 Defuelling
5.6.4.1 Defuelling device/system requirements

Each system shall provide a defuel connection and be capable of defuelling without the need to loosen
any high-pressure component. The defuelling system shall be capable of either defuelling the entire
high-pressure system through a NGV1 receptacle using the proper defuelling nozzle, or providing a
connection as outlined in Clause 5.6.4.2.
5.6.4.2 Defuelling connection requirements

For systems that opt not to use the defuel nozzle, NGV 1 receptacle method for defuelling shall provide
a connection that meets the following:
a) be designed to the interface dimensions of ISO 7241 and be suitable for use with high pressure
CNG;
b) be stainless steel;
c) be male type, series B profile for global compatibility;
d) have an ISO 7241 body;
e) have an SAE ORB threads;
f) receive a stainless steel ISO 7241 female type, series B connector;
g) be designed for the CNG fuel container(s) service pressure;
h) be rated to –40 °C ( –40 °F) to +121 °C (+250 °F); and
i) include means to prevent the entry of dust, water, or other unintended material (i.e., mounted
inside an enclosure or provided with a dust cap).
Defuelling device/system components that are exposed to container pressure shall be qualified in
accordance with ANSI/CSA NGV 3.1. Also see Annex B.
5.6.5 Multifuel and dual fuel vehicles
5.6.5.1 Multifuel vehicles

Where a vehicle is equipped to operate on more than one fuel, a means to isolate the supply of each
fuel shall be provided.

5.6.5.2 Dual fuel vehicles

Where natural gas is introduced upstream of the turbocharger on dual fuel applications, provisions shall
be made by the OEM to ensure that the amount of natural gas entering the turbocharger is kept below
the LFL of methane throughout the entire power band.
Dual fuel blending systems that inject natural gas upstream of the turbocharger shall be tamper-proof
and written methodology from the manufacturer as how methane being injected is kept under the LFL
shall be provided upon AHJ request.
5.6.6 CNG fuel level indicator

CNG vehicles shall be equipped with a natural gas fuel level indicating device. A natural gas fuel level
indicating device located within the passenger compartment of a vehicle shall be of a type that will not
allow gas into the passenger compartment upon failure of the fuel level indicator or its connection.
5.6.7 Wiring and electrical connectors

Automotive grade wire and automotive-type (sealed mating) connectors shall be used for NGV fuel
systems. Wiring shall be protected from abrasion, corrosion, and mechanical damage, and shall conform
to SAE J1292.
All conductors shall be sized for the maximum anticipated load and shall be protected by overcurrent
protection devices.
5.6.8 Pressure regulator
5.6.8.1 Pressure regulator installation

A pressure regulator shall be installed such that the regulator's weight is not placed on, or supported by,
the attached natural gas fuel lines.
5.6.8.2 Regulator protection

A regulator shall be protected from road damage, excessive heat, cargo spillage, and electrical
equipment, and shall be oriented in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
5.6.8.3 Regulator without integral relief

If a regulator is not fitted with an integral relief system, a PRV shall be fitted on the regulated side of the
first stage of the regulator or installed in the test port of the regulated first stage chamber.
5.6.9 Isolation from heat sources

All fuel system components shall be located a sufficient distance from any heat source (e.g., exhaust) so
as not to exceed the allowable maximum temperature of the component. Metallic or non-metallic heat
shielding may be used to prevent the component from exceeding its allowable maximum temperature.
If heat shielding is used, it shall be durable.
5.6.10 Isolation from battery terminals

All fuel system components shall be installed at least 200 mm (8 in) from any battery terminal or high-
voltage components, unless the component, terminal, or high voltage component is insulated to
prevent electrical contact.

5.7 Rigid and flexible fuel line and fitting requirements
5.7.1 General fuel line and fitting requirements

Piping, tubing, and fittings shall
a) be an approved type per this Code;
b) be capable of withstanding temperatures of –40 to 120 °C (–40 to 248 °F) within the engine
compartment and –40 to 85 °C (–40 to 185 °F) in all other locations;
c) be made from corrosion-resistant material or protected from exterior corrosion;
d) be made from a material resistant to the chemical action of natural gas;
e) be sized to provide sufficient fuel flow;
f) be clear and free from cutting burrs, threading burrs, scale, and defects;
g) have the ends of all piping and tubing deburred; and
h) contain fuel under all temperature, pressure, and other environmental exposures under normal
service conditions.
5.7.2 Rigid fuel lines
5.7.2.1 Fuel lines upstream of pressure regulator

Rigid CNG fuel lines upstream of the pressure regulator shall meet the requirements of CSA/ANSI
NGV 3.1 or ISO 15500, Part 16, except that stainless steel lines shall be seamless cold worked austenitic
stainless steel complying with ASTM A269/A269M or ASTM A632.
5.7.2.2 Fuel lines downstream of pressure regulator

Low pressure rigid engine fuel lines shall meet the requirements of Clause 5.7.2.1 or ISO 15500, Part 20.
5.7.2.3 Unacceptable piping, fitting, and joint components

The following piping, fitting, and joint components shall not be used:
a) a fitting containing both left-hand and right-hand threads;
b) multiple NPT bushings stacked together (nested); and
c) close nipples that do not support use of a wrench.
Note: Use of NPT threads in high pressure applications is discouraged since NPT threads have proven to be less
robust than other thread designs. If used, NPT threads should be designed for high-pressure gas service and the
threads should always be sealed with appropriate jointing material (e.g., treated PTFE tape).
5.7.3 Flexible fuel line requirements

Any installed flexible fuel lines shall
a) meet the requirements of CSA/ANSI NGV 3.1;
b) be fire resistant, or protected by a fire sleeve when installed within the engine compartment; and
c) be of sufficient size to provide the required flow of fuel.
5.7.4 CNG piping, tubing, fitting, and connection components
5.7.4.1 Acceptable piping, tubing, fitting, and joint connection components

Piping, tubing, fittings, and connections for joining components in the part of the fuel system subject to
fuel container pressure shall
a) meet the requirements of
i) CSA/ANSI NGV 3.1; or
ii) the ISO 15500 series of standards;

b) be designed for the purpose intended; and

c) have a Canadian registration number (CRN) if required by the AHJ.
5.7.4.2 Connection accessibility

A joint or connection used in piping or tubing shall be placed in a location that is accessible without the
use of a special tool for service or inspection.
5.7.5 Fuel line and fitting installation

CNG fuel lines shall
a) be mounted, braced, and supported to minimize vibration, and shall be protected against damage,
corrosion, or breakage due to strain or wear, and if passing through a panel or vehicle structure,
shall be provided with grommets or similar devices;
b) be installed, supported, protected, and secured in such a manner as to minimize the possibility of
damage, corrosion, or breakage due to expansion, contraction, vibration, strains, or wear, and to
preclude any loosening while in operation;
c) be secured by automotive-type resilient isolators, corrosion-resistant metal straps, or hangers
rated by the vehicle or system manufacturer as being suitable for the application, unless supported
by a rigid structural component of the vehicle;
d) follow the shortest practical route consistent with formability and essential flexibility, and shall
neither be located in nor enter the passenger compartment, except as allowed by Clause 5.5.3;
e) be located in such a way as to minimize the likelihood of damage from impacts;
f) be installed at least 200 mm (8 in) from battery terminals, unless insulated to prevent electrical
contact;
g) have, when expansion loops are used, a minimum loop diameter of eight times the outer diameter
of the tubing being looped;
h) not be installed in a manner in which it creates undue load on any attached components;
i) not be bent without the use of proper tools;
j) not be rebent or straightened unless, when the tubing is being removed from a roll as supplied by
the tubing manufacturer;
k) not reduce the strength of any structural member of the vehicle as a consequence of the
installation of fuel lines or fuel system components without proper analysis and assessment;
l) not have their fuel line connections located where natural gas leakage can accumulate undetected;
m) be replaced whenever a fuel line is kinked, gouged, or otherwise damaged; and
n) connect with other fuel system components and other vehicle systems and sub-systems, as
appropriate, via fittings, tube end forms, and hose-end connectors.
5.7.6 Fuel line protection

CNG fuel lines shall accommodate relative motion between vehicle systems and sub-systems to support
the following:
a) accommodate distortions within vehicle structure and relative movement between vehicle
systems/sub-systems to prevent fuel line rupture in the event of a crash;
b) motion during normal vehicle operation with other vehicle systems, such as brakes, steering, and
suspension;
c) assembly with other vehicle systems and between fuel systems components; and
d) movement of the vehicle structure during operation, for example, frame or body flex.
Note: Flexible fuel lines are the commonly used method of permitting fuel line compliance, but rigid lines can also
be designed to permit compliance by use of loops, bends, and coils.

5.8 Labels and vehicle literature

Note: See Annex C.
5.8.1 Vehicle owner’s manual supplement(s)

The system installer shall be responsible for supplying a vehicle owner’s manual supplement(s) in each
vehicle that contains at least the following information:
a) instructions showing the user the safe and correct operation of the NGV fuel system;
b) instructions that when servicing the vehicle, components shall be replaced with components rated
for the same or greater service pressure as the original component;
c) instructions for safe maintenance procedures and guidance for defuelling and depressurization of
lines and components. The instructions shall include the following statement: “Maintenance,
defuelling, and depressurization should be performed by a qualified technician only” and
“L’entretien, la vidange et la dépressurisation devraient être effectués uniquement par une
personne qualifiée”;
d) instructions for fuel system inspection frequency for flexible hose and other components as
necessary; and
e) instructions for towing, jacking, and tie down requirements and considerations.
5.8.2 Vehicle labelling

Vehicle labels shall be provided in both English and French.
The vehicle shall be equipped with a durable label(s) mounted in the engine compartment stating
a) that the vehicle uses natural gas;
b) the system service pressure;
c) the installer’s name or company name;
d) the fuel container inspection date(s);
e) the fuel container expiration date(s);
f) the total fuel container water volume in litres (gallons); and
g) the CNG system was installed in accordance with CSA B109.1.
Note: Labelling requirements can vary based on the AHJ.
5.8.3 External vehicle label requirement

A durable diamond-shaped label shall be installed in a position clearly visible on the exterior of the
lower right rear (curbside) of the vehicle other than on the vehicle rear bumper. The label shall be a
minimum of 102 mm (4 in) wide × 69.9 mm (2.75 in) high. The marking shall consist of a border, with
letters identifying the vehicle as operating on compressed natural gas, centered in a diamond of silver
or white reflective luminous material on a blue background. Refuse haulers, or similar vehicles may
place the diamond CNG label on the lower right rear of the lift gate, rear bumper, or other permanent
feature.
Note: These dimensions are minimums; larger labels and lettering are allowed. See Annex C for sample label
illustrations. The diamond-shaped labels as described in NFPA 52 are considered compliant with this Code.
Other labels may be added as required by the AHJ.
5.8.4 Label(s) at the vehicle fill receptacle(s)

A label(s) shall be affixed at the fill point of the container of the vehicle, noting
a) the vehicle uses compressed natural gas (CNG);
b) the system service pressure; and
c) the total fuel container volume in litres (gallons).

The label(s) shall state the date of the next inspection of the container or the expiry date of the
container, whichever occurs first, and the wording “DO NOT FILL AFTER [DATE]“ and “NE PAS REMPLIR
APRÈS LE [DATE]”.
Note: See Clause A.6.
5.8.5 Defuelling connection label

A permanent label shall be affixed at close proximity to the vehicle defuelling device/system, indicating
a) the type of defuelling connector;
b) the three-way valve location;
c) the system service pressure;
d) the total CNG fuel container(s) volume in litres (gallons); and
e) the wording “REFER TO MANUFACTURER INSTRUCTIONS PRIOR TO DEFUELLING”.
6 Inspection and testing of converted vehicles
6.1 Vehicle conversions
6.1.1 Protection from collision and impact

Components of a high-pressure system shall be located in such a way as to minimize the likelihood of
damage from collision and impact.
6.1.2 Structural alterations to a vehicle during conversion

No structural modification to a vehicle shall be permitted if that modification would result in an unsafe
condition or impair the safety features of that vehicle.
6.1.3 Relocation of existing components during conversion

Relocation of any existing components during the installation of a natural gas fuelling system shall be
completed in a fashion that will not create a safety hazard.
6.1.4 Quality of work

All work shall be done in a skillful and thorough manner. Careful attention shall be paid not only to the
mechanical execution of the work but also to the arrangement of the installation.
6.1.5 Vehicles involved in collision, fire, or explosion

Note: See Annex A.
If a vehicle is involved in a collision, fire, or explosion, a qualified person shall assess (inspect) the
impact on the fuel system. If the assessment requires it, the system shall be repaired as per OEM
specifications.
System testing in accordance with Clause 6.2 shall be performed before the vehicle is re-introduced in
service.
The vehicle shall not be returned to service until it has been inspected and determined to be safe for
reuse by a qualified person.

6.1.6 Training and licensing

A qualified person performing installation, repair, and maintenance work or system inspection shall be
properly trained in such functions. Where required, the training and licensing shall comply with local
requirements.
Note: Local requirements can consist of provincial regulations or other requirements of the AHJ.
6.2 Leak testing of containers, piping, tubing, hose, and fitting assemblies
6.2.1 General leak test requirements

General leak test requirements shall be as follows:
a) Testing of high-pressure systems shall be performed by a qualified person.
b) The system shall be leak tested in accordance with the natural gas leak testing procedures in
Clause 6.2.3 with or without the preliminary inert gas leak testing procedure in Clause 6.2.2.
c) Methane shall not be introduced into a container or into a piping system.
d) When piping and tubing are pressure tested with natural gas, the testing shall be carried out in an
adequately ventilated location equipped with the appropriate precautions, monitors, and
countermeasures to prevent the accumulation or ignition of flammable concentrations of natural
gas.
Note: The leak test is not a substitute for checking that all fittings are properly attached; fittings that are not
correctly tightened could come apart at high pressure.
6.2.2 Inert gas leak testing (optional)
6.2.2.1 General
Inert gas testing may be performed using the method in Clause 6.2.2.2 or 6.2.2.3.
Note: Acceptable inert test gases are non-flammable and non-reactive (e.g., nitrogen or helium). Do not use
compressed air.
6.2.2.2 Pressure decay method

Vehicle fuel systems subject to fuel container pressure shall be pressure tested and shall retain a settled
test pressure (pressure present after test gas has returned to ambient temperature) for not less than
10 min, without showing any drop in pressure when subjected to
a) a preliminary pressure test of the system between 1379 and 2758 kPa (200 and 400 psi), using
inert gas, which shall be vented before introducing natural gas into the system; and
b) a pressure test of the piping and tubing system with the fuel container valve closed, conducted at
1.25 times the service pressure of the receptacle.
Note: Sub-assemblies may be pressure tested separately (i.e., PRD vent lines).
6.2.2.3 Bubble method

Fuel system leak performance shall be evaluated at the 1.25 times service pressure condition as follows:
a) Perform a bubble method leak test using a leak detection solution conforming to ASTM G186. The
leak detection solution shall be applied to each connection and shall show no growing bubbles or
foam in 3 min, or each individual connection leakage rate shall be less than a 0.2 Ncc/h natural gas
leak rate.
b) Automated and electronic monitoring and measurement of fuel system leak rates may be used as
an alternative to manual assessment of individual connection integrity, provided that measurement
capability has been demonstrated.

6.2.3 Natural gas leak testing (mandatory)

Mandatory natural gas testing shall be done prior to the vehicle being placed in service.
Note: This test may be performed at first fill of the vehicle.
If a preliminary inert gas leak test has not been performed prior to testing with natural gas, a
preliminary natural gas pressure test of the entire system to between 1400 and 2800 kPa (203 and
406 psi) shall be performed before proceeding with the full pressure test. This preliminary pressure test
is to confirm the absence of gross leaks and/or missed connections prior to application of high pressure.
The system, including the fuel container, shall then be filled to 100% state of charge with natural gas
and each connection shall be tested using the following method:
a) Perform a bubble method leak test using a leak detection solution conforming to ASTM G186. The
leak detection solution shall be applied to each connection.
b) Each connection shall have no growing bubbles or foam in 3 min or have a leakage rate of less than
0.2 Ncc/h.
c) Any leakage greater than the allowable amount in Item b) shall be corrected.
d) The system shall be leak checked again after any corrections, modifications, disassembly, repairs, or
replacement of components of the natural gas system.
e) Automated and electronic monitoring and measurement of fuel system leak rates may be used as
an alternative to manual assessment of individual connection integrity, provided that measurement
capability has been demonstrated to measure a leakage rate of less than 0.2 Ncc/h.
Notes:
1) It has been determined that bubbles detected after 3 min indicate the leak rate is greater than 0.2 Ncc/h.
2) Bubbles might appear on a surface at the time of application of the leak detection solution, which could be
caused by the application process itself. Therefore, the inspector should look for growing bubbles or foam.
6.2.4 Production leak testing

Each natural gas fuel system shall be tested per Clause 6.2.3; however, the inert gas leak testing in
Clause 6.2.2 should also be performed prior to the test in Clause 6.2.3.
Note: Refer to CSA SPE-2.2.1 for more information regarding leak testing procedures.
6.2.5 Pressure measurement

The pressure gauge or instrument shall be calibrated and have an adequate accuracy at the specified
service pressure. The source of the test pressure shall be disconnected from the system before readings
are commenced.
6.2.6 Periodic in-service inspections

Any requirements for periodic re-qualification by inspection or testing during the service life shall be
specified by the container manufacturer on the basis of use under service conditions specified herein.
Each container shall be visually inspected at least annually for heavy duty vehicle application, every
36 months for light duty applications, or at the time of any re-installation, for external damage and
deterioration.
Alternatively, containers may be inspected as installed using a non-destructive test method approved by
the container manufacturer.
If the manufacturer is no longer in business, the inspection procedures and criteria provided in
CGA C-6.4 shall be used. Containers without labels containing the manufacturer’s name, “Do Not Use
After” date, and service pressure or failing to meet the inspection requirements shall be removed from
service.

Annex A (informative)
Service, collision repair, or fuel container retesting
Note: This informative Annex has been written in mandatory language to facilitate adoption by anyone wishing to
do so.
A.1 Replacement parts

A.1.1 Replacement parts safety and pressure requirements
Any replacement part shall provide the operational and safety characteristics equal to or exceeding
those of the original part.
The service pressure rating of a replacement fuelling receptacle shall match the service pressure of the
original fuelling receptacle and matches the design service pressure of the system.
A.1.2 Damaged components

Components and fuel containers that have been exposed to fire, explosion, or other damage shall not
be offered for sale, installed, or reconnected to the supply unless the components have been inspected
and determined to be safe for use by a qualified person.
A.1.3 Pressure relief devices having burst discs

Pressure relief devices having burst discs shall be removed and replaced with an unused relief device if
the fuel container has been retested or if the pressure relief device was exposed to fire or extreme
heat.
A.2 Qualified personnel

Any service, repair, or replacement of the natural gas fuel system shall be performed by a qualified
person.
A.3 Preparation for work

A person who services, repairs, or replaces any part of a natural gas fuel system on a vehicle shall
a) shut off the supply of natural gas before commencing the work by closing the shut-off valves on all
fuel containers and operating the engine until the engine stops running, and shall verify that the
valves remain shut off throughout the entire inoperative period;
b) verify that any natural gas that is vented from the natural gas fuel system while the vehicle is
located indoors is directed into a hose that meets the operating pressure of the vehicle fuel
system; and
c) where a bleed-down system is provided on the vehicle, verify the depressurization is in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions.
A.4 Repairs
A.4.1 After collision
A person who makes collision repairs on a vehicle shall
a) close the shut-off valve at the outlet of the natural gas fuel container before commencing the work
and verify that the valve remains shut off throughout the entire inoperative period; and

b) instruct the vehicle owner or operator to take the vehicle to a vehicle conversion centre or to a
qualified person for inspection of the natural gas fuel system before the shut-off valve referenced
in Item a) is re-opened.
A.4.2 After fire

After possible exposure to fire or high temperatures, the fuel system shall be depressurized for
examination. Before the system is repressurized, all fuel containers, components, or other parts of a
natural gas system shall be examined, and, if necessary, be replaced by a qualified person.
A.5 Inspection
A.5.1 After servicing
Following the completion of any service, repair, or replacement of parts of the natural gas system, a
qualified person shall complete and sign an inspection checklist if required by the AHJ prior to returning
the vehicle to service. An example of a checklist is provided in Annex D.
A.5.2 After collision or fire

If a vehicle is involved in a collision, fire, or explosion, a qualified person shall assess (inspect) the
impact on the CNG fuel system. If the assessment requires it, the container, system, or both shall be
repaired as per OEM specifications.
System testing in accordance with Clause 6.2 shall be performed before the vehicle is re-introduced in
service.
The vehicle shall not be returned to service until it has been approved for reuse by a qualified person.
A.6 Labels
After retesting, inspection, or container replacement by a qualified person, the label(s) in the engine
compartment [see Clause 5.8.2 d) and e)] and at the fill receptacle (see Clause 5.8.4) shall be updated or
replaced. See Annex C.

Annex B (informative)
Defuelling vehicle CNG containers
Notes:
1) This Annex is not a mandatory part of this Code.
2) This informative Annex has been written in mandatory language to facilitate adoption by anyone wishing to
do so.
B.1 General
B.1.1 General requirements
Defuelling a compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel container shall be performed only by trained personnel
using written procedures. The gas to be removed from the fuel container shall either be discharged into
another vehicle, a closed transfer system, or flared. Atmospheric venting shall be used only in
emergency situations, using an established method.
For detailed instruction, procedures, and information, refer to CSA SPE 2.1 Series.
Note: Fuel systems with electrically operated container valves can be designed to retain a positive pressure up to
30 bar (435 psi) in the container. The vehicle or valve manufacturer's instructions for depressurization needs to be
followed to deplete all of the gas from the fuel storage system.
B.1.2 Spark prevention

A vehicle defuelling device/system shall use non-sparking materials at, or around the connection point,
and shall provide electrical bonding to prevent buildup of static electricity.
B.1.3 System isolation

A three-way quarter-turn valve shall be located between the defuelling device/system and the CNG fuel
container, installed in a fashion such that trapped gas between the defuelling device/system and the
defuelling hose can safely be vented to atmosphere.
B.1.4 System integrity

The mounting system for the defuelling device connector shall not sustain any permanent deformation
when a force of 294 N (66 lbf) is applied to the connector in any direction.
B.1.5 Clearance
The clearance around the defuelling device/system connector shall be free of any type of interference
that could prevent the connection of the defuelling hose.
B.1.6 Functionality
A vehicle defuelling device/system shall provide the following functionality:
a) connection to an external defuelling gas-handling system;
b) allow venting of the high pressure fuel system without disassembly of any high pressure fuel
system components;
c) actuation a manually controlled three-way valve to start or end the defuelling flow; and
d) provisions for electrical bonding to prevent buildup of static electricity in the system.
Note: See CSA SPE-2.1 Series

B.1.7 Operation
The defuelling system shall function with or without vehicle electrical power.
B.1.8 Freezing prevention

A defuelling system should incorporate measures to prevent or detect freeze-ups or hydrate plugging.
B.2 Defuelling procedures

B.2.1 General
Personnel performing fuel container defuelling shall
a) use grounding to prevent static electrical charge buildup;
b) limit the rate of gas released from plastic-lined (Type 4) fuel containers to a value not greater than
that specified by the fuel container manufacturer; and
c) if removed from the vehicle, restrain fuel containers during defuelling to prevent fuel container
movement.
B.2.2 Application
A vehicle defuelling device/system shall provide for connection to an external defuelling gas-handling
system and its connector shall
a) be designed to the interface dimensions and basic performance requirements of ISO 7241;
b) be stainless steel, and the elastomers shall be compatible for the intended media and temperature
range;
c) be male type, series B profile for global compatibility;
d) have an ISO 7241 body size of 10 (3/8 in);
e) have a size 6 (9/16 – 18) SAE ORB female threads;
f) receive a stainless steel ISO 7241 female type, series B connector;
g) be designed for the CNG fuel container(s) service pressure;
h) be rated to –40°C (–40°F) to +85 °C (+185 °F); and
i) include means to prevent the entry of dust, water, or other unintended material (i.e., mounted
inside an enclosure or provided with a dust cap).
Defuelling device/system components that are exposed to container pressure shall be qualified in
accordance with ANSI/CSA NGV 3.1.
B.3 Atmospheric defuelling vent tubes

If atmospheric venting must be performed, it shall be done through a conductive vent tube that will
divert the gas flow to atmosphere. The vent tube shall have a gas-tight connection to the fuel container
prior to venting, and all the components shall be properly bonded (grounded). The vent tube shall not
be provided with any feature that would limit or obstruct gas flow.
B.4 Container purging procedures

Where a container that has been previously filled with natural gas is required to be purged, the
operation shall be performed in accordance with standard industry practice using inert gas only. See
CSA SPE 2.1 Series.

Annex C (informative)
Sample labels
Note: This Annex is not a mandatory part of this Code.
C.1 External labels for vehicles

Examples of labels required by Clause 5.8.3 are shown in Figure C.1.
C.2 Labels for use at the vehicle fill receptacle

Examples of labels that may be used at the vehicle fill receptacle, as required by Clause 5.8.4, are shown
in Figures C.2 and C.3.
Example A in Figure C.2 is a label-type that could be used by a vehicle manufacturer. Example B in
Figure C.2, intended for a conversion or vehicle inspection agency, contains a checkerboard that can be
punched to show the next re-inspection or re-qualification date.

Figure C.1
Examples of labels
(See Clause C.1.)
a) English/French bilingual label
b) English only label

Figure C.2
Examples of labels for use in a vehicle fill receptacle
(See Clause C.2.)
Example A:
Example B:

Figure C.3
Example of CNG container inspection and expiration labels
(See Clause C.2.)
Source: General Motors.

Annex D (informative)
Vehicle checklist
Inspection form for vehicles operating on natural gas
Inspection form for vehicles operating on natural gas Vehicle #

(enter check mark if the vehicle is in conformity with the clause)
Subject of clause (refer to applicable clause

Clause # in the Code for details of the requirement) Inspection required
At After After After Periodic

installation repair collision vehicle fire inspection
Vehicle conversion
4.2.1 Components, equipment, or accessories √
approved
4.2.2 Variance documentation provided where there is √
non-conformance
System requirements
5.1 CNG fuel containers and assemblies
5.1.1 Minimum service pressure √ √
5.1.2 Permitted types √ √ √
5.2 Alterations prohibited √ √ √ √ √
5.3 CNG fuel containers isolation and pressure relief device
5.3.1 Fuel container shut-off valves √ √ √ √ √
5.3.2 Fuelling receptacle isolation √ √ √ √ √
5.3.3 Pressure relief devices √ √ √ √ √
5.4 CNG fuel container and assembly mounting
5.4.1 General √ √ √ √ √
5.4.2 Fuel container high location mounting √ √ √
5.4.3 General exterior mounting requirements √ √ √
5.4.4 Approach, departure, breakover, and road √
clearances
5.4.5 Attachment hardware and brackets √ √ √
5.4.6 Fuel container protection √ √ √
5.5 CNG vent lines and ventilation
5.5.1 Vent lines √ √ √ √ √
5.5.2 Venting from vehicle compartments √ √ √ √ √
5.5.3 Interior mounted fuel container ventilation √ √ √ √ √
requirements
(Continued)

Inspection form for vehicles operating on natural gas (Continued)



5.6 Fuel system components
5.6.1 Component requirements √ √
5.6.2 Automatic shut-off valve √ √ √ √ √
5.6.3 Fuelling receptacle √ √ √ √ √
5.6.5 Multifuel and dual fuel vehicles √ √ √ √ √
5.6.6 CNG fuel level indicator √ √
5.6.7 Wiring and electrical connectors √ √
5.6.8 Pressure regulator √ √
5.6.9 Isolation from heat sources √ √
5.6.10 Isolation from battery terminals √ √ √
5.7 Piping and tubing, hose, and fittings
5.7.1 General requirements √ √
5.7.2 Rigid fuel lines √ √
5.7.3 Flexible fuel line requirements √ √
5.7.4 Acceptable piping, fitting, and joint components √ √
5.7.5 Fuel lines √ √ √ √ √
5.8 Labels and vehicle literature
5.8.1 Vehicle owner’s manual supplement(s) √
5.8.2 Vehicle labelling √ √
5.8.3 External vehicle label requirement √ √
5.8.4 Label(s) at the vehicle fill receptacle √ √
Inspection and testing of converted vehicles

6.1.1 Protection from collision and impact √
6.1.2 Structural alterations to a vehicle during √
conversion
6.1.3 Relocation of existing components during √
conversion
6.2 Leak testing of containers, piping, tubing, hose, √ √ √ √
and fitting assemblies
Comments:
(Continued)

Inspection form for vehicles operating on natural gas (Concluded)



Name and address of inspecting company
Inspector’s name: Reg. #:

Signature: Date:

Annex E (informative)
Curbstone clearance, approach, departure, and ramp
breakover angles
Figure E.1
Example of curbstone clearance, approach, departure, and ramp breakover angles
Source: General Motors.

Annex F (informative)
Corrosion and other external exposure
Components should be resistant to corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, and other effects due to
weather, chlorides (sodium and small amounts of calcium), other road chemicals, ultraviolet light
(sunlight), vehicle fluids (gasoline, hydraulic fluids, battery acid, windshield washer fluid, glycols, oils,
etc.), exhaust gases, and ozone aging. Resistance to galvanic corrosion should be taken under
consideration when joining components containing dissimilar metals or carbon composite materials.
Note: Other types of chlorides need to be considered for testing if specified in customer requirements.
System components located in underbody locations are generally most exposed to corrosion damage
and deterioration. The external system should be designed for a safe vehicle lifetime in the exposure
areas. Components mounted in the lower portions of the chassis might experience full immersion or
high-pressure wash systems.
The system might be exposed to a wide range of potentially damaging chemicals. The following list has
been developed as representative of the major hazard categories although could be expanded based on
the application:
a) sulfuric acid (19% solution by volume in water);
b) sodium hydroxide (25% solution by weight in water);
c) methanol/gasoline (5/95% concentration of M5 fuel meeting the requirements ASTM D4814);
d) ammonium nitrate (28% by weight in water); and
e) windshield washer fluid (50% by volume solution of methyl alcohol and water).

ISBN 978-1-4883-3625-6

CNG Course Book 2023 - Csa b109.1.21

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

CNG Course Book 2023 - Csa b109.1.21

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CSA B109.

Compressed natural gas vehicle

Licensed to/autorisé à Caeden Watkins, cwatkins@bctransit.com.

Disclaimer and exclusion of liability

Intellectual property rights and ownership

Authorized use of this document

Licensed to/autorisé à Caeden Watkins, cwatkins@bctransit.com.

Administrative update — December 2021

Licensed to/autorisé à Caeden Watkins, cwatkins@bctransit.com.

Title: Compressed natural gas vehicle installation code

If you require assistance, please e-mail techsupport@csagroup.org or call 416-747-2233.

Licensed to/autorisé à Caeden Watkins, cwatkins@bctransit.com.

In addition to its head office and laboratory complex in Toronto, CSA

For further information on CSA Group services, write to

Cette Norme Nationale du Canada est disponible en versions française et anglaise.

Licensed to/autorisé à Caeden Watkins, cwatkins@bctransit.com.

Approved on June 25, 2021 by IGAC

ICS 75.060; 43.060.40

© 2021 Canadian Standards Association

Technical Committee on Natural Gas Transportation 6

Subcommittee on Natural Gas for Vehicles Installation Code 9

August 2021 © 2021 Canadian Standards Association 1

5.4.7 Large fuel containers 28

6 Inspection and testing of converted vehicles 35

August 2021 © 2021 Canadian Standards Association 2

6.2.6 Periodic in-service inspections 37

Annex A (informative) — Service, collision repair, or fuel container retesting 38

August 2021 © 2021 Canadian Standards Association 3

Interprovincial/Territorial Gas Advisory

D. A. Balcha Manitoba, Office of the Fire Commissioner, Vice-Chair

P. Fowler Deptartment of Labour and Advanced Education, Vice-Chair

N. Armstrong Office of the Fire Commissioner Inspections and Alternate

D. Brockerville Government of Newfoundland and Labrador/

M. E. Davidson Province of New Brunswick Deptartment of Public

Z. J. Fraczkowski Technical Standards & Safety Authority (TSSA),

B. Hamou L’Hadj Régie du bâtiment du Québec, Alternate

S. Hauer Yukon Government,

August 2021 © 2021 Canadian Standards Association 4

D. N. Hird TSASK, Alternate

T. Holley Nova Scotia Department of Labour and Advanced Alternate

J. Lackey Technical Safety BC,

J. Lalande Health Canada,

M. LeBlanc Province of New Brunswick Department of Public Alternate

R. MacCormack Province of PEI,

M. Mailman Government of the Northwest Territories,

J. Renaud Régie du bâtiment du Québec,

S. Sadeghi TSSA, Non-voting

C. R. Valliere Government of Alberta, Municipal Affairs, Alternate

M. A. Wani Government of Nunavut Department of Community

B. Zinn Technical Safety BC, Alternate

August 2021 © 2021 Canadian Standards Association 5

Technical Committee on Natural Gas

G. Meadows Westport Fuel Systems Canada Inc., Vice-Chair

G. Barker ANGI Energy Systems, Non-voting

R. Boyd Boyd Hydrogen, LLC,

J. P. Cohen Air Products and Chemicals Inc., Non-voting

J. E. Eihusen Hexagon Lincoln Inc., Non-voting

V. Fe FortisBC Energy Inc. (FEI),

E. Girouard Emcara Gas Development Inc,

D. Goldin Global Gas Mobility,

M. Gust Quantum Fuel Systems LLC,

P. Horacek Powertech Labs Inc.,

August 2021 © 2021 Canadian Standards Association 6