SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

PROF. DR. AMANY SARHAN

2022
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 SOFTWARE INDUSTRY

• Revenue in the Software market is projected to reach

US$ 626,451 m in 2022.
• The market's largest segment is Enterprise Software
with a projected market volume of US$ 250,286 m in
2022.
• Revenue is expected to show an annual growth rate
(CAGR 2022-2026) of 7.12%, resulting in a market
volume of US$ 824,848m by 2026.
• In global comparison, most revenue will be generated
in the United States (US$313,740m in 2022).
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 REGIONAL SOFTWARE INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
• The global software engineering market, based on region, has
been segmented into North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and rest
of the world.
• North America accounted for the largest market share of 40.3% in
2016. Increase by10.42% CAGR during the forecast period.
• Europe was the second-largest market in 2016 and growing with a
CAGR of 12.58%. The growth is driven by the early adoption of
cloud-based software engineering. Key players in the region such
as Autodesk Inc., Bentley Systems, Inc., and IBM Corporation by
developing various software such as CAD, CAM, and others.
• However, Asia-Pacific is expected to be the fastest-growing market
during the forecast period growing with 13.32% CAGR.
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 DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION EFFECT

• Companies’ digital transformation in general drives

investments in software segments.
• Especially software that focuses on digitization and
process automation as well as data analytics to gain
more business insights and efficiency is in demand.
• As a result of market speed and volatility, software
investments are increasingly shifted to the cloud, to be
more flexible and independent.
• The shift from software deployment on premises to
software-as-a-service is increasingly relevant and a
topic that a lot of companies will deal with in the
coming years.
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 COURSE OVERALL AIMS

• We assume that you are technically proficient.

• You know a good deal about computing, can program
reasonably, can learn more on the job.
• But success or failure in software development depends on
many factors beyond writing good code. !!!!!!!!
• When you leave Tanta Univ., you are going to work on
production projects where success or failure may cost
millions of dollars.
• Soon you may be in charge. It may be your money.
• We want you to make your mistakes now and learn from
your mistakes.
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 INTRODUCTION
What is software?

• A program is a number of programming language lines of code

that performs certain task(s). Only one programmer can design,
implement and test the program.

• A software is large complicated program with hundreds of lines of

code. It needs the cooperation of many individuals to create a SW:
Analysts, designers, programmers, testers, maintenance
engineers, and others. A SW engineer is required for organization.

• SW: Computer program and associated documentation

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 WHAT IS SOFTWARE?

• Software products may be developed for a

particular customer or may be developed for a
general market

• Software products may be:

• Generic - developed to be sold to a range of different
customers

• Bespoke (custom) - developed for a single customer

according to their specification
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 COURSE THEME: VARIETY

• Software products are very varied

• Applications: web, smartphone
• System software: operating systems, compilers
• Communications: routers, telephone switches
• Data processing: telephone billing, pensions
• Real time: air traffic control
• Embedded software: device drivers, controllers
• Mobile devices: digital camera, GPS, sensors
• Information systems: databases, digital libraries
• Offices: word processing, video conferences
• Scientific: simulations, weather forecasting
• Graphical: film making, design
• etc., etc., etc., ....
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 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
AND SYSTEM ENGINEERING

• System engineering is concerned with all aspects of

computer-based systems development including:
hardware, software and process engineering.
• Software engineering is part of this process.

• System engineers are involved in system specification,

architectural design, integration and deployment

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 SW CRISIS

• After the appearance of the new generation of

computers (50’s) with higher speed.

• Program Scaling: adding new lines to the same

program to add new functions.

• Errors found, and program crash.

• Possible sources of error: reusing the names of

the variables and functions, hard to tract the
sequence of the data flow inside program,…

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 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

• Software engineering is an engineering discipline

which is concerned with all aspects of software
production.

• It is the science concerned with building large and

complicated SW systems in a cost effective way.

• It is the application of systematic, disciplined

approach for development, operation and
maintenance of SW.
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 SOFTWARE ENGINEER

• Software Engineer (SWE) is the person responsible for

organizing the work of the group of persons whom will
build the SW.

• Software engineers must have:

• Technical aspects: (programming, mathematics,
maintenance, test, analysis)
• Non technical aspects: (communication ability both
oral and written, management, personality, ….)

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 THE CRAFT OF SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

• Software products are very varied

• Client requirements are very different
• There is no standard process for software engineering
• There is no best language, operating system, platform,
database system, development environment, etc.

• A skilled software developer knows about a wide

variety of approaches, methods, tools.
• The craft of software development is to select
appropriate methods for each project and apply them
effectively.
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 COURSE THEME: CLIENTS, CUSTOMERS, AND
USERS

• Client
• The client is the person for whom the software
development team creates the software.
• The client provides resources and expects some
product in return.
• The client is often a member of the organization that is
providing the money.
• The client's job success may depend on the success
of the software project.
• Client satisfaction is a primary measurement of
success in a software project.
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 WHO IS THE CLIENT?

• Categories of client and software product:

• For each category of product determine:
• Who is the client?
• Who is providing the money?
• What do they want?
• • Bespoke (e.g., IRS internal system)
• • Customized versions of generic packages (e.g.,
Tanta's payroll system)
• • Embedded (e.g., cell phone)
• • Research (e.g., Web Lab)
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 CUSTOMERS AND USERS

• Customer
• The customer is the person who buys the software or selects it
for use by an organization.

• User
• A user is a person who actually uses the software.
• • With personal software, the user may be the same person as
the customer.
• • In organizations, the customers and the users are usually
different.
• The Tanta Finance Office uses Microsoft Excel. Who is the
customer? Who are the users?
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 WHAT IS GOOD SOFTWARE?

• General characteristics
• Functionality
• Usability
• Maintainability
• Dependability
• Efficiency
• Good software products require good programming,
but ...
• Programming quality is the means to the end, not the
end itself.
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 SOFTWARE IS EXPENSIVE

• The biggest cost is usually the salaries of the

development team
• Who is paying the money?
• What does that person or organization want?
• • What is success?
• • What is failure?
• Technical people may have very different criteria
of success from the people in charge of the
organization.
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 THE THREE-WAY TRADE-OFF

• Competing goals
• Every software project has a trade-off between
functionality, cost, and time.
• Extra functionality adds extra costs for
development, testing, maintenance, etc.
• What is important to the person who is
paying?

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 RISK

• Many (probably most) software development projects run into

difficulties
• Problems:
• Does not work as expected (FUNCTION)
• Over budget (COST)
• Late delivery (TIME)
• Much of software is wasted (perhaps 50% is never used)
• Never used because:
• Does the wrong thing
• Users dislike to use it
• There are no customers
• etc.
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 RISK

• Many software projects fail because the software

developers build the wrong software.
• The software development team must:
• • Understand what the client expects of the software
• • Understand what the client's organization expects of
the client
• The software development team will often:
• • Add technical insights and suggestions, but
remember:
• Client satisfaction is a primary measurement of
success in a software project.
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CHALLENGES FACING SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

1- Heterogeneity:
• Some of the software systems are allocated on
networks as distributed system which will be used
by different types of users working on different
types of computers and operating systems.
• This is called heterogeneity of users. This kind of
problem must be solved by developing new
techniques for building software that can deal with
this heterogeneity without causing problems.

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CHALLENGES FACING SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

2- Delivery:
• As you will see, the development of software system
contains many steps that consume time.
• Due to the rapid change of business and users
needs from the software, the steps of developing the
software must be shorten to cope with this change.
• This should not be done on the account of the
software quality.

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CHALLENGES FACING SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

3- Trust:
• Software application are penetrating in all our daily live
starting from the bank software, the mall software, the
university software and even the e-mail software.
• If the user does not trust these softwares to do their work
efficiently, then they will be of no use to him.
• Thus, we need to develop techniques to ensure the
correctness, integrity, completeness, confidentially ….
etc. of these softwares in order to fulfill the user’s trust.
• Software developers and systems administrators may
have access to highly confidential information (e.g.,
trade secrets, personal data).
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