Spring Final Exam Study Guide 2022-2023

To receive full credit, you must complete the ENTIRE study guide. It does not have to be 100% correct but it
does have to be 100% finished. If you are struggling to fill any of this out, ask Mr. Burruss or you can go back
and look at old PowerPoints for the units on Canvas. Power Points can be found under the HOME tab on
Canvas and then scrolling down until you find the correct unit.
MAKE SURE YOUR ANSWERS ARE IN A DIFFERENT COLOR
(By Nathan Pancratz)
Momentum Unit
1. Define the following terms:
a. Momentum:

b. Mass:

c. Velocity:

d. The Law of Conservation of Momentum:

e. Elastic Collision:

f. Inelastic Collision:

g. Impulse:

2. In each scenario below, determine which of the two would have the most momentum:
a. What would have more momentum, a train moving at 3 m/s or a person moving at 3 m/s?

b. What would have more momentum, a train moving at 3 m/s or a train moving at 10 m/s?

c. A 100 lb man running at 4 m/s or a 50 lb man running at 10 m/s?

3. What are the units for momentum?

4. Determine the velocity of each of these scenarios:

a. A car travels 35 miles in 2 hours, what is the velocity of the car in miles/hr?

b. A car traveled 1425 km from El Paso, TX to Dallas, TX in 12. 5 hours. What was the car’s
average velocity?

c. What is the velocity of a car that traveled a total of 75 km north in 1.5 hours?

5. Solve each of the following momentum problems (p = m * v):

a. What is the momentum (p) of a football player with a mass of 340 kg and a velocity of 6.3 m/s?
 b. What is the momentum (p) of a basketball player with a mass of 200 kg and a velocity of 2.5
m/s?

c. A car has a momentum of 14,000 kg*m/s and a mass of 1,045 kg?

d. A train has a momentum of 300,500 N * s and is moving at 21 m/s, what is the mass of the
train?

6. What are the two factors that influence the momentum of an object?

7. What were the three examples given in class of what kinetic energy can be transferred into?

8. A basketball has a momentum of 9,000 N * s. What would be the momentum of the basketball if
the mass of the ball were to double?

9. A swimmer has a momentum of 2,000 N * s. What would be the momentum of the swimmer if
their velocity were to be halved directly after finishing the race?

10. If a 1,400 kg car is moving at 38.92 m/s when it hits a truck, resulting in a 50,000 N force that
slows the car down to 12 m/s, for how long did the car experience the force? (F x t = m x v)

11. A 100 kg crate slides along a floor with a starting velocity of 24 m/s. If the force due to friction is
30 N, how long will it take for the box to come to rest? (F x t = m x v)

12. A 58 kg crate slides along the floor for 19 s before stopping. If it was initially moving with a
velocity of 11 m/s, what is the force of friction? (F x t = m x v)

13. When we jump from a high position, we tend to bend our knees when landing. Why do we bend
our knees instead of landing with our legs straight/locked?

14. Explain how a motorcycle could hit a van and cause the van to move. Make sure to talk about
the momentum of the objects and what would need to be different.

15. What is the law of conservation of momentum?

 16. A 15 kg red ball moving at 5 m/s collides with a stationary green ball with a mass of 10 kg. What
is the total momentum of the two balls after the collision?

17. What is the relationship between:

a. Velocity and Momentum:

b. Mass and Momentum:

c. Mass and Velocity:

Electromagnetism Unit
1. Define the following terms:
a. Static Electricity:

b. Dynamic Electricity:

c. Electric Current:

d. Permanent Magnet:

e. Temporary Magnets:

f. Ferromagnet:

g. Electromagnet:

h. Motor:

i. Commutator:

j. Brushes:

k. Armature:

l. Generator:

m. Transformer:

n. Direct Current:

o. Alternating Current:

p. Voltage

2. In which of the following scenarios are there repulsive forces?

 a.

3. What two factors influence the strength of attraction between two magnets?
a.
b.

4. Which of the following gives the correct fields for positive and negative particles?

a.

5. Electric fields flow from _______ to __________.

6. Magnetic fields flow from ________ to _________.

7. What causes magnetic material to be magnetized? (Think about what is happening at the
molecular level)

8. Where do we find magnetic north and magnetic south on earth?

9. What are the two types of temporary magnets?

10. Describe how an electromagnet works. (Talk about HOW it works not what it is made of)

11. True or False: Static electricity can produce a magnetic field.

12. What are three things required to make an electromagnet?

a.
b.
c.

13. What are the three factors that affect the strength of an electromagnet?

14. A motor turns ____________ into ______________.

15. A generator turns _____________ into _______________.

16. Give the five parts to a motor and the function of each part.

17. What is electromagnetic induction?

18. Give the three examples of generators talked about in class.

19. What is the difference between a step-up transformer and a step-down transformer?

20. Determine which of the following is a step-up transformer and which is a step-down
transformer:

a.

21. How are magnetic poles and electric charge similar?

 22. Using the picture below, where would the magnetic field be strongest?

a.

23. A 39 cm magnet is cut at about 3 cm away from the north end of the magnet. This new 3 cm long
magnet will have what types of pole(s)?

24. Label A, B, C in the electric motor below:

a.

Energy Unit
1. Define the following terms:
a. Kinetic Energy:

b. Gravitational Potential Energy:

c. Elastic Potential Energy:

d. Chemical Potential Energy:

 e. Electrical Energy:

f. Sound Energy:

g. Radiant Energy:

h. Nuclear Energy:

i. Thermal Energy:

j. Mechanical Energy:

k. Closed System:

l. Open System:

2. What two factors affect kinetic energy?

3. What two factors affect potential energy?

4. List the energy transfer(s) that occurs in each scenario:

a. Watching TV:

b. Running a mile:

c. Eating a muffin:

d. Compressing a spring and then letting it go:

e. Stopping a car:

f. Burning wood:

5. What is the law of conservation of energy? How can a system lose energy if this law exists?

6. The following figure shows a ball rolling down a hill:

 a.

List the points from the highest POTENTIAL energy to the lowest POTENTIAL energy.

List the points from the highest KINETIC energy to the lowest KINETIC energy.

7. Define a closed and open system. What is the difference between the two?

8. A 15 kg ball is rolling down a hill at a velocity of 15 m/s. What is the kinetic energy of the ball?
(KE = ½ x m x v2)

9. A 10 kg ball sits on top of a 100 m hill. What is the gravitational potential energy of the ball?
(GPE = m x g x h)

10. A man is riding a bike at 20 m/s and has 100,000 J of energy. What is the man's mass?(KE = ½ x
m x v2)

11. A book sits at the top of a bookshelf with a height of 3.5 m. The gravitational potential energy of
the book is 9,364 J. What is the mass of the book? (GPE = m x g x h)

12. What is the kinetic energy of a 80 kg football player running at 8 m/s?(KE = ½ x m x v 2)

 13. An object with a motional kinetic energy of 1125 J has a mass of 250 kg. What is its velocity?
(KE = ½ x m x v2)

14. An object has a gravitational potential energy that is 833 J. Its height above ground is 4.25 m.
What is its mass? (GPE = m x g x h)

15. You are on in-line skates at the top of a small hill. Your gravitational potential energy is equal to
1,000. J. The last time you checked, your mass was 60.0 kg. What is the height of the hill? (GPE
= m x g x h)

16. What is the mass of an object that is hanging 12.6 m above the surface of the earth and has a
gravitational potential energy of 2778.3 J? (GPE = m x g x h)

17. For each scenario, determine what would happen to the potential energy of the object:
a. The mass of the object was to double:
b. The object is lifted to a new height that is triple its original height:
c. An object has its mass halved:

18. In each scenario circle/highlight which object/person would have more potential energy:
a. A person at the top of a mountain or a person sitting on a bench at the base of the mountain

b. A book at the top of a bookshelf or a book at the bottom of a bookshelf

c. A box sitting on a desk or a box sitting on the floor

Waves Unit
1. Define the following terms:
a. Amplitude:
b. Wavelength:
c. Crest:
d. Trough:
e. Frequency:
f. Period:
g. Medium:
h. Mechanical Wave:
i. Electromagnetic Wave:
j. Transverse Wave:
k. Longitudinal Wave;
l. Ionizing Radiation:
m. Non-Ionizing Radiation:
n. Reflection:
o. Refraction:
2. Describe the relationship between frequency and wavelength. (i.e. What happens to the
wavelength when the frequency increases?)

3. Which wave would have a greater frequency if they are moving at the same velocity: Wave A
with a wavelength fo 50 meter and wave B with a wavelength of 134 m.

4. A wave has a frequency of 100 Hz and a wavelength of 22 nm, what is the velocity of this wave?

5. A wave is traveling at a velocity of 1200 m/s and has a wavelength of 15 meters. What is the
frequency of this wave?

6. Give one example of a transverse wave and one example of a longitudinal wave.

7. Mechanical waves travel FASTEST through ________ (solid, liquid, gas or no medium) and
travel SLOWEST through ________.

8. Electromagnetic waves travel FASTEST through ________ (solid, liquid, gas or no medium) and
travel SLOWEST through ________.

9. The electromagnetic spectrum is organized by what factors (i.e amplitude, wavelength,

frequency, energy, speed, etc.)?

10. List all the non-ionzing parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.

11. List all the ionizing parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.

12. List the parts of the electromagnetic spectrum in order from largest wavelength to smallet
wavelength.

13. Give examples of each light wave below:

a. Radio Waves:
b. Microwaves:
c. Infrared:
d. Ultraviolet:
e. X-Rays:
f. Gamma Rays:

14. List the colors of visible light in order from lowest in energy to highest in energy.

15. Describe how we see a red shirt as red.

16. What three colors make up all other colors of visible light?
17. What part of our eye allows us to see color?

18. What parts of our eye allow us to see at low levels of light?

19. For each color below, list which cones of the eye would be activated:
a. Yellow
b. Pink
c. Cyan
d. Blue
e. Green

20. Define constructive and destructive interference.