Educationa

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Physical Science
Q4 Week 4 : Dual Nature of Electrons &
The Wave Nature Of Light
Quarter 4 Week 3
At the end of the session you will be able to;

• Describe a particle and a wave

• identify key persons and their combinations in the development of the
wave-particle duality theory.
• define wave interference, diffraction, dispersion and scattering.
What I Know
 What I Know

1. A minute portion of matter and was known as the smallest

building block of the universe

a. Particle c. Portion
b. Photon d. Product
 What I Know
2. The theory that states all matter and light shows the
characteristics of both wave and particle
a. Dual wave-portion theory
b. Wave-dual particle theory
c. Wave-particle duality theory
d. Duality of wave-product theory
 What I Know
3. A point particle with a negative electric charge

a. atom
b. electron
c. neutron
d. proton
 What I Know
4. A disturbance that travels through space-time

a. diffraction
b. photon
c. reflection
d. wave
 What I Know
5. He was the first to coin the term “electron” for the electric
charge quantity
a. Albert Einstein
b. Christiaan Huygens
c. Joseph John Thomson
d. George Johnston Stoney
Electron: A Particle or a Wave?
Particle is a minute
portion of matter and
the smallest known
building blocks of the
universe
George Johnstone Stoney
coined the term electron as
an electric charge quantity
in 1894
Joseph John Thomson
identified electron as a
particle using cathode ray
tubes.
• Electron is a negatively-
charged subatomic particle
• has no known structure
• mass is 1836 less than a
proton
Electron: A Particle
or a Wave?
A wave is a disturbance that travels through space-
time and medium by transferring energy from one
place to another.
The wave medium transports the wave from its
source to other locations.
Wave Theory of Light
Christiaan Huygens
proposed the WAVE
THEORY OF LIGHT in
1678 in which the light is
made up of waves.
Wave Theory of Light
Thomas Young studied
interference of light
waves using the double-
slit experiment in 1803
Wave Theory of Light
Light emerging
from the screen
with two slits
spread out
Wave Theory of Light
Francesco Grimaldi
discovered diffraction
of light which firmly
support the wave theory
of light
Wave Theory of Light
Max Planck (1900)
proposed the existence
of light quantum
Wave Theory of Light
In 1905 Albert Einstein
proposed that light is
composed of tiny particles
called photons, each
carrying energy.
In 1924 Louis de Broglie
made a bold assertion
proposing the dual nature
of light – as a particle and
as a wave
de Broglie related the
wave property and
particle property in this
equation:
In 1927 Clinton Davisson
and Lester Germer
performed an experiment
resulting in a diffraction
pattern
The experiment matched the
predicted electron
wavelength using de
Broglie’s equation
Dispersion
Dispersion is the
separation of white
into several colors
or wavelengths
Dispersion
Angle of deviation is
the angle made between
the incident ray of light
entering the first face of
the prism and the
refracted ray that
emerges from the
second face of the prism
Interference

When s the phenomenon that occurs when

two waves meet while traveling along the
same medium.
Interference
When two waves in
phase meet and
produce a larger
amplitude
It results in the
cancellation of waves
or reduction of
amplitude, depending
on how the two
waves are out of
phase
Diffraction
Diffraction is bending
of wave around the
corner
Diffraction
Light is diffracted
when light waves
passes through a
single slit
Diffraction
When light passes
through two slits, the
incident light diffracts
around the corner of
two slits
Scattering of Light
A phenomenon in
which light rays get
deviated from its
straight path on
striking an obstacle
(such as gas
molecule, water
vapor, etc)
Tyndall Effect
A phenomenon of
scattering of light by
colloidal particles
 Rayleigh scattering

• When light strikes small particles, it bounces off

in different directions in a process called
scattering.
• Rayleigh scattering occurs when the particles are
smaller than the wavelength of light
Rayleigh scattering
Rayleigh scattering
 Summary
• Electron both exhibits wave and particle
properties.
• the different phenomena light exhibits are the
following: dispersion, diffraction, & scattering
(Tyndall effect and Rayleigh scattering)
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